BG Biogeosciences BG Biogeosciences 1726-4189 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/bg-11-6251-2014 A downward CO<sub>2</sub> flux seems to have nowhere to go Ma J. 1 2 Liu R. 1 2 Tang L.-S. 2 1 Lan Z.-D. 2 1 Li Y. 2 1 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang, Xinjiang, China 17 11 2014 11 22 6251 6262 Copyright: © 2014 J. Ma et al. 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/11/6251/2014/bg-11-6251-2014.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/11/6251/2014/bg-11-6251-2014.pdf

Recent studies have suggested that deserts, which are a long-neglected region in global carbon budgeting, have strong downward CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes and might be a significant carbon sink. This finding, however, has been strongly challenged because neither the reliability of the flux measurements nor the exact location of the fixed carbon has been determined. This paper shows, with a full chain of evidence, that there is indeed strong carbon flux into saline/alkaline land in arid regions. Based on continuous measurement of net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange (NEE) from 2002 to 2012 (except for 2003), the saline desert in western China was a carbon sink for 9 out of 10 years, and the average yearly NEE for the 10 years was −25.00 ± 12.70 g C m<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>. Supporting evidence for the validity of these NEE estimates comes from the close agreement of NEE values obtained from the chamber and eddy-covariance methods. After ruling out the possibility of changes in C stored in plant biomass or soils, the C uptake was found to be leached downwards into the groundwater body in the process of groundwater fluctuation: rising groundwater absorbs soil dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and falling groundwater transports the DIC downward. Horizontal groundwater flow may send this DIC farther away and prevent it from being observed locally. This process has been called "passive leaching" of DIC, in comparison with the active DIC leaching that occurs during groundwater recharge. This passive leaching significantly expands the area where DIC leaching occurs and creates a literally "hidden" carbon sink process under the desert. This study tells us that when a downward CO<sub>2</sub> flux is observed, but seems to have nowhere to go, it does not necessarily mean that the flux measurement is unreliable. By looking deeper and farther away, a place and a process may be found "hidden" underground.

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