BG Biogeosciences BG Biogeosciences 1726-4189 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/bg-9-1125-2012 Biogeography in the air: fungal diversity over land and oceans Fröhlich-Nowoisky J. 1 2 Burrows S. M. 3 Xie Z. 1 4 Engling G. 5 6 Solomon P. A. 7 Fraser M. P. 8 Mayol-Bracero O. L. 9 Artaxo P. 10 Begerow D. 11 Conrad R. 12 Andreae M. O. 1 Després V. R. 2 13 Pöschl U. 1 2 Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany Earth System Science Center, Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Joh.-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128 Mainz, Germany Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany Institute of Polar Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Laboratory, US EPA – Las Vegas, 944 E. Harmon Ave, Rm. 235 Las Vegas, Nevada 89119, USA Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875402, Tempe, AZ 85287-5402, USA Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, PR 00936-8377, USA Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-900 SP, Brazil Department of Evolution and Biodiversity of Plants, Geobotany Section, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany Max Plank Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße, Marburg 35043, Germany Institute of General Botany, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany 27 03 2012 9 3 1125 1136 Copyright: © 2012 J. Fröhlich-Nowoisky et al. 2012 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/9/1125/2012/bg-9-1125-2012.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/9/1125/2012/bg-9-1125-2012.pdf

Biogenic aerosols are relevant for the Earth system, climate, and public health on local, regional, and global scales. Up to now, however, little is known about the diversity and biogeography of airborne microorganisms. We present the first DNA-based analysis of airborne fungi on global scales, showing pronounced geographic patterns and boundaries. In particular we find that the ratio of species richness between <i>Basidiomycota</i> and <i>Ascomycota</i> is much higher in continental air than in marine air. This may be an important difference between the "blue ocean" and "green ocean" regimes in the formation of clouds and precipitation, for which fungal spores can act as nuclei. Our findings also suggest that air flow patterns and the global atmospheric circulation are important for the understanding of global changes in biodiversity.

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