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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">BGD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Biogeosciences Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">BGD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Biogeosciences Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1810-6285</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/bg-2019-126</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Using Remote Sensing to Monitor the Spring Phenology of Acadia National Park across Elevational Gradients</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Yan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>McDonough MacKenzie</surname>
<given-names>Caitlin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-5628</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Primack</surname>
<given-names>Richard B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hill</surname>
<given-names>Michael J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-7467</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Xiaoyang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Zhuosen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schaaf</surname>
<given-names>Crystal B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, 02125, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, 04469, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, 02215, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth System Science and Policy, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, 58202, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Terrestrial Information Systems Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, 20771, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Aeronautics and Space Administration</funding-source>
<award-id>NNX14AI73G</award-id>
<award-id>NNX14AQ18A</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source></funding-source>
<award-id>G12PC00072</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>20</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2019</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2019 Yan Liu et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2019-126/">This article is available from https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2019-126/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2019-126/bg-2019-126.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2019-126/bg-2019-126.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>&lt;p&gt;Greenup dates of the mountainous Acadia National Park, were monitored using remote sensing data (including Landsat 8 surface reflectances (at a 30&amp;thinsp;m spatial resolution) and VIIRS reflectances adjusted to a nadir view (gridded at a 500&amp;thinsp;m spatial resolution)) during the 2013&amp;ndash;2016 growing seasons. Ground-level leaf-out monitoring in the areas alongside the north-south-oriented hiking trails on three of the park&apos;s tallest mountains (466&amp;thinsp;m, 418&amp;thinsp;m, and 380&amp;thinsp;m) was used to evaluate satellite derived greenup dates in this study. While the 30&amp;thinsp;m resolution would be expected to provide a better scale for phenology detection in this mountainous region than the 500&amp;thinsp;m resolution, the daily temporal resolution of the 500&amp;thinsp;m data would be expected to offer vastly superior monitoring of the rapid variations experienced during vegetation greenup along elevational gradients. Therefore, the greenup dates derived from the Landsat 8 Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data, augmented with Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) simulated EVI values, does provide more spatial details than VIIRS data alone and agree well with field monitored leaf out dates. Satellite derived greenup dates from the 30&amp;thinsp;m of Acadia National Park vary among different elevational zones, although the date of greenup is not always the most advanced at the lowest elevation. This indicates that the spring phenology is not only determined by microclimates associated with different elevations in this mountainous area, but is also possibly affected by the species mixture, localized temperatures, and other factors in Acadia.&lt;/p&gt;</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="27"/></counts>
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