11 Jan 2021
11 Jan 2021
Pelagic primary production in the coastal Mediterranean Sea: variability, trends and contribution to basin scale budgets
- 1Department of Marine Ecology, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain
- 2Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Instituto Español Oceanografia (COB - IEO), Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- 3ODE/DYNECO/Pelagos, Centre de Bretagne, IFREMER, I. Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Pointe du Diable BP70 29280 Plouzané, France
- 4Remote Sensing and Satellite Research Group, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- 5Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
- 1Department of Marine Ecology, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain
- 2Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Instituto Español Oceanografia (COB - IEO), Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- 3ODE/DYNECO/Pelagos, Centre de Bretagne, IFREMER, I. Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Pointe du Diable BP70 29280 Plouzané, France
- 4Remote Sensing and Satellite Research Group, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- 5Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Abstract. We estimated pelagic primary production (PP) in the coastal (< 200 m depth) Mediterranean Sea from satellite-borne data, its contribution to basin-scale carbon fixation, its variability and long-term trends during the period 2002–2016. Annual coastal PP was estimated at 0.041 Gt C, which approximately represents 12 % of total carbon fixation in the Mediterranean Sea. About 50 % of this production occurs in the eastern basin, whereas the western and Adriatic shelves contribute with 25 % each of total coastal production. Strong regional variability is revealed, from high-production areas (> 300 g C m−2) associated with major river discharges, to less productive provinces (< 50 g C m−2) located in the southeastern Mediterranean. PP variability in the Mediterranean Sea is dominated by interannual variations but overall trend during the study period shows notable decrease (17 %) since 2012 concurring with a period of increasing sea surface temperatures in the Mediterranean Sea and positive North Atlantic Oscillation and the Mediterranean Oscillation climate indices. PP declines in most coastal areas (−0.05 to −0.1 g C m−2 per decade) except in the Adriatic where PP increases at +0.1 g C m−2 per decade. Regionalization of coastal waters based on PP seasonal patterns reveals the importance of river effluents in determining PP in coastal waters that can regionally increase in up to five-fold. Our study provides insight on the contribution of coastal waters to basin scale carbon balances in the Mediterranean Sea while highlighting the importance of the different temporal and spatial scales of variability.
Paula Maria Salgado-Hernanz et al.
Status: final response (author comments only)
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RC1: 'Comment on bg-2020-457', Anonymous Referee #1, 01 Feb 2021
This manuscript estimates total primary production in coastal regions of the Mediterranean Sea – looking at spatial and temporal variability in primary production in addition to comparing it against estimates of total primary production in the entire sea. The authors use CMEMS satellite data for the analysis and also estimate the ef ratio/new production from SST. They conclude that 12% of total carbon fixation in the Mediterranean occurs in coastal regions. They further show a decrease in primary production since 2012 which they say is linked to increasing SST and NAO/MOI although they do show different spatial and temporal trends within regions. The authors state that this is the first time that the contribution of the coastal zone on primary production has been estimated for the Mediterranean.
One of the things that struck me was the higher primary productivity (per m3) and chlorophyll data in the Eastern basin than Western basin which I found very surprising. Due to low river inputs in the Eastern Mediterranean compared to the Western Mediterranean I naturally would expect the Western Mediterranean coastal area to be more productive. I would like the authors to discuss this in more detail – is this due to the uncertainty/overestimation of chlorophyll in the Gulf of Gabes as mentioned by the authors or is there observational data to back up the high productivity here. Can the authors put any error estimates on this or give a lower bound on the Eastern value. Likewise can you really give a contribution of total primary production to the Mediterranean for coastal areas if the studies that estimated these total Mediterranean values exclude the highly productive coastal areas (i.e North Adriatic, Gulf of Gabes) as mentioned by the authors on Line 76 due to the high turbidity and thus inaccurate values. Alternatively is the CMEMS chlorophyll data corrected for these high turbidity areas, reducing the uncertainty in your estimates compared to previous studies like Bosc et al. 2004 and Bricaud et al., 2002 where these areas were excluded?
Following on from this I would like to ask the authors whether they have considered doing the analysis (with small adjustments) for the whole Mediterranean Sea so that comparison for coastal primary against the whole Mediterranean is coherent using data that has been prepared in the same way. This would enhance their conclusions on the contribution of the coastal zone to primary productivity in the Mediterranean
Generally, the manuscript is well written and English is good. I do feel that the conclusions can be strengthened and it would be nice if the authors could specifically say how this dataset/analysis will be useful to the Mediterranean science community. If the authors address the comments I have made, I think this manuscript can be considered for publication in Biogeosciences. The attached supplement provides my detailed comments on the manuscript
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Paula Maria Salgado Hernanz, 25 Mar 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2020-457/bg-2020-457-AC1-supplement.pdf
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Paula Maria Salgado Hernanz, 25 Mar 2021
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RC2: 'Comment on bg-2020-457', Anonymous Referee #2, 16 Feb 2021
The comments are attached as supplementary pdf file.
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Paula Maria Salgado Hernanz, 25 Mar 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2020-457/bg-2020-457-AC2-supplement.pdf
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Paula Maria Salgado Hernanz, 25 Mar 2021
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RC3: 'Comment on bg-2020-457', Anonymous Referee #3, 20 Feb 2021
The manuscript by Salgado-Hernanz et al. describes the costal primary production of the Mediterranean Sea, estimated using satellite data, deepening on its spatial and temporal distribution and analyzing trends and possible link with NAO and/or MOI indexes. In general, I consider primary production an interesting topic, especially in the Mediterranean Sea, but in this paper is particularly interesting since it is analyzed in those areas highly impacted by anthropogenic pressure.
The paper is well organized, quite clear and English is good.
I admit I was amazed to observe that the primary production of the eastern compart of the Mediterranean Sea is higher than the western compart and to the Adriatic Sea. This result it is not only linked to the greater surface of the eastern sub-basin since it is also evident in the productivity per unit of volume. This result should be analyzed in depth by the authors.
About the trends estimated in the paper, I found some inconsistencies and I think the authors should better explain their observations. In general, it should be better defined how the quantities are calculated (i.e. SPP, PPannual, PPVOLannual, CVPP, etc.) in such a way as to put the reader in the best conditions to understand the obtained results.
Once these issues I underlined are solved, I think the paper could be considered for the publication.
Detilied comments are in the supplementary pdf file.
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AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Paula Maria Salgado Hernanz, 25 Mar 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2020-457/bg-2020-457-AC3-supplement.pdf
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AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Paula Maria Salgado Hernanz, 25 Mar 2021
Paula Maria Salgado-Hernanz et al.
Paula Maria Salgado-Hernanz et al.
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