the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
03 Mar 2021
03 Mar 2021
Spatial patterns of aboveground phytogenic Si stocks in a grass-dominated catchment – Results from UAS based high resolution remote sensing
- 1Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), “Landscape Pedology” Working Group, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- 2Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), “Silicon Biogeochemistry” Working Group, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- 3University of Potsdam, Institute of Geography and Environmental Science, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- 1Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), “Landscape Pedology” Working Group, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- 2Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), “Silicon Biogeochemistry” Working Group, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- 3University of Potsdam, Institute of Geography and Environmental Science, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
Abstract. Various studies have been performed to quantify silicon (Si) stocks in plant biomass and related Si fluxes in terrestrial biogeosystems. Most of these studies were performed at relatively small plots with an intended low heterogeneity in soils and plant canopy composition, and results were extrapolated to larger spatial units up to global scale implicitly assuming similar environmental conditions. However, the emergence of new technical features and increasing knowledge on details in Si cycling leads to a more complex picture at landscape or catchment scales. Dynamic and static soil properties change along the soil continuum and might influence not only the species composition of natural vegetation, but its biomass distribution and related Si stocks. Maximum Likelihood (ML) classification was applied to multispectral imagery captured by an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) aiming the identification of land cover classes (LCC). Subsequently, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and ground-based measurements of biomass were used to quantify aboveground Si stocks in two Si accumulating plants (Calamagrostis epigejos and Phragmites australis) in a heterogeneous catchment and related corresponding spatial patterns of these stocks to soil properties. We found aboveground Si stocks of C. epigejos and P. australis to be surprisingly high (maxima of Si stocks reach values up to 98 g Si m−2), i.e., comparable to or markedly exceeding reported values for the Si storage in aboveground vegetation of various terrestrial ecosystems. We further found spatial patterns of plant aboveground Si stocks to reflect spatial heterogeneities in soil properties. From our results we concluded that (i) aboveground biomass of plants seems to be the main factor of corresponding phytogenic Si stock quantities and (ii) a detection of biomass heterogeneities via UAS-based remote sensing represents a promising tool for the quantification of lifelike phytogenic Si pools at landscape scales.
Marc Wehrhan et al.
Status: final response (author comments only)
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RC1: 'Comment on bg-2021-26', Anonymous Referee #1, 15 Apr 2021
I really appreciate Editor in-chief to invite me to review the manuscript by Marc Wehrhan et al. This is a very interesting MS, offering a fruitful experimental data and nice findings using Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). this is novelty and originality. Indeed, the abstract should emphasize new findings and their significance, with some experimental results/data. In Introduction section, authors should give an objective summary to give a promising gap regarding phytogenic Si and soil properties affecting silicon mobility, which is quite important in the new findings and their significance of this MS. Please check all relative recent references. In addition, here I am not English speaker, but still find some grammatical errors, so that it will be better to improve its English for a better understanding before further publication. Please see the below soem specific comments:
L. 15, this sentence should be rephased since it is not clear to me ‘most of these studies…. condition’
L.25, referring ‘i.e., i.e., comparable to or markedly exceeding reported
values for the Si storage in aboveground vegetation of various terrestrial ecosystems.’, prefer authors to give experimental or analytical values/data’
L.25, add ‘,’after ‘from our results…’
L.50, here, prefer to author should also refer that ‘since soil properties affect soil silicon bioavailability, leading to the change in plant silicon content (see., Li et al., 2019., Plant and Soil 438 (1), 187-203 and others). In fact, any change in soil properties would largely affect silicon mobility and its accumulation in plants. It has been highlighted by recent studies, offering some nice evidences on this MS.
Line 37-38: Please cite relevant references to support ‘in most terrestrial ecosystems phytogenic Si…’ (e.g., Alexandre et al. 1997. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61, 677-682; Blecker et al. 2006., Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20; Cornelis et al. 2010. Biogeochemistry, 97, 231-245.Yang et al. 2020., Geoderma, 361: 114036). In particular, once being returned into soil, this phytogenic Si is largely are competitive with pedogenic silica,
boosting the biological recycling of Si (Li et al., 2020., Geoderma, 368, p.114308).
L41-42: Other recent studies also reported that the grasses of the family Poaceae are generally Si accumulators.
Line 72-78: is it important or necessary for this MS to introduce these studies?
Line 123-124 and Line 127-128: When the aboveground biomass of C. epigejos and P. australis were sampled? Is it in 2014? Please specify.
L256-257, L265, L272, L320-321, L 324-325, L334-335, L355-356, 379-380, Line: Use italics when showing the name of the species. Please check throughout the manuscript.
L324 (Figure 6): Please change the title of y-axes to “fresh biomass (green shoot)” in Figure 6a, and change the title of y-axes to “fresh biomass (green shoot + litter)” in Figure 6b.
Li334 (Figure 7): Please change the title of y-axes to “dry biomass (green shoot)” in Figure 7a, and change the title of y-axes to “dry biomass (green shoot + litter)” in Figure 7b.
L372-403: a bit confusing about this section. Right now, the relationship between Si stocks of C. epigejos, P. australis and site properties was dubious just by comparing the variation trends between Si stocks and examined soil properties in different zones (e.g., Line 388-389: Among the examined soil properties, means of clay content (Fig. 10a) show a corresponding trend with respect to Si accumulation in dry biomass of C. epigejos for all three zones.). Could you perform statistical analyses between Si stocks (C. epigejos, and P. australis, respectively) and different site properties to show their relationship. At least Pearson correlation analysis is needed.
Line 379 (Figure 9) and Line 391 (Figure 10): What does the data on the top of box represent? Mean or median? What does the bottom and top bars represent? Please specify.
Line 379 (Figure 9) and Line 391 (Figure 10): Right now, the readers do not know whether there are significant differences between zones. Could you perform significance test between t-he zones to show the significant differences?
Line 401: Could you offer the data of soil moisture to support this conclusion: “As stated before, the occurrence of P. australis is governed by soil moisture conditions”.
Line 432-434: also recommend some latest literatures (straw remove, return, land use and management change)to support this point. e.g., “Li and Delvaux 2019. GCB Bioenergy 11, 1264–1283” and “Yang et al. 2020. Plant and Soil, 454:343–358”.
L442-443: I confusion whether the climatic factors could govern the composition and structure of plant communities at Chicken Creek. I think the differences of climatic conditions may be negligible at such small catchment.
L506-515: In my side, the current Conclusion is more like Discussion or Outlook. prefer to move this paragraph to the end of Discussion section.
L505: recommend the authors reconsider the Conclusions section by combining the main findings and significance of this study or answering the three major research questions raised in Introduction section.
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Marc Wehrhan, 18 Jun 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2021-26/bg-2021-26-AC1-supplement.pdf
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Marc Wehrhan, 18 Jun 2021
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RC2: 'Comment on bg-2021-26', Anonymous Referee #2, 29 May 2021
This manuscript showed that aboveground Si stocks of C. epigejos and P. australis to be surprisingly high (maxima of Si stocks reach values up to 98 g Si m-2), i.e., comparable to or markedly exceeding reported values for the Si storage in aboveground vegetation of various terrestrial ecosystems. Further, spatial patterns of plant aboveground Si stocks were found to reflect spatial heterogeneities in soil properties. The present data are interesting and novel, and the experiments are well designed to reveal spatial patterns of aboveground phytogenic Si stocks in a grass dominated catchment. I believe the quality of the results obtained are excellent, however I would like to add some comments regarding the way in which the data is present.
Please find some more detailed comments below.
- Line 135, the authors should confirm that both “4.000 rpm” and “10.000 rpm” are corrected. Based on my experience, they should be “4000 rpm” and “10000 rpm” in this context.
- Line 144, “Soil samples were analysed on various physicochemical soil properties”. The second “soil” should be deleted.
- Figure 3, the numbered signatures were confused. Why the small numbers (i.e., 01-07) were shown in Figure 3b while the big numbers (i.e., 08-16) present in Figure 3a?
- Table 2. Is it more suitable to show the data as box chart rather than table?
- Table 3. The unit of RMSE should be corrected for C. epigejos, P. australis, and P. australis (litter incl. brown shoot). Specifically, “-2” should be labeled as superscript.
- Figure 6. Why the R2 is lost for C. epigejos in Figure 6b?
- Figure 9. Are there any statistical differences among West, East, and South for both C. epigejos and P. australis?
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Marc Wehrhan, 18 Jun 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2021-26/bg-2021-26-AC2-supplement.pdf
Marc Wehrhan et al.
Marc Wehrhan et al.
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