266 citations as recorded by crossref.

1. The spatiotemporal variation and control mechanism of surface pCO2 in winter in Jiaozhou Bay, China Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2020.104208
2. The seasonal cycle of ocean‐atmosphere CO2 flux in Ryder Bay, west Antarctic Peninsula O. Legge et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063796
3. Effect of seasonal change in gas transfer coefficient on air–sea CO2 flux in the western North Pacific X. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-015-0313-5
4. Dynamics of riverine CO2 in the Yangtze River fluvial network and their implications for carbon evasion L. Ran et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2183-2017
5. The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Sources and Sinks of CO2 in the Global Coastal Ocean A. Roobaert et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006239
6. Wind-driven changes in the ocean carbon sink N. Swart et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6107-2014
7. Software development processes in ocean system modeling R. Jung et al. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793962322300023
8. Coastal-ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon T. Bourgeois et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4167-2016
9. Estimation of Oceanic and Land Carbon Sinks Based on the Most Recent Oxygen Budget C. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002124
10. Three-compartment, two-parameter concentration-driven model for uptake of excess atmospheric CO2 by the global ocean S. Schwartz https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2979-2025
11. Global inland water greenhouse gas (GHG) geographical patterns and escape mechanisms under different water level Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122808
12. Modelling the mechanisms and drivers of the spatiotemporal variability of pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes in the Northern Humboldt Current System R. Mogollón & P. Calil https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.10.005
13. Uncertainty in the global oceanic CO2 uptake induced by wind forcing: quantification and spatial analysis A. Roobaert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1701-2018
14. The recent state and variability of the carbonate system of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and adjacent basins in the context of ocean acidification A. Beaupré-Laperrière et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020
15. The carbon and nutrient dynamics in Tokyo Bay:sewage maintenance alters carbon and nutrient cycling A. Kubo https://doi.org/10.5928/kaiyou.31.1_23
16. Global multi-scale segmentation of continental and coastal waters from the watersheds to the continental margins G. Laruelle et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2029-2013
17. How fast is the Patagonian shelf-break acidifying? I. Orselli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.10.007
18. The seasonal cycle of pCO2 and CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean: diagnosing anomalies in CMIP5 Earth system models N. Mongwe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2851-2018
19. Seasonal response of air–water CO2 exchange along the land–ocean aquatic continuum of the northeast North American coast. G. Laruelle et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1447-2015
20. Determining carbon fate and budgets throughout the Yangtze mainstream’s transportation processes M. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2025.08.012
21. Global ocean surface pCO2 retrieval and the influence of mesoscale eddies on its performance Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179856
22. Air–sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990–2009 M. Ishii et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-709-2014
23. A joint global carbon inversion system using both CO2 and 13CO2 atmospheric concentration data J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1131-2017
24. Observation‐Based Trends of the Southern Ocean Carbon Sink R. Ritter et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074837
25. Discussion/comments regarding “Trends in pCO2 and sea–air CO2 flux over the global open oceans for the last two decades” by Y. Iida, A. Kojima, Y. Takatani, T. Nakano, H. Sugimoto, T. Midorikawa, M. Ishii D. Myrhaug https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-016-0364-2
26. Optimality-based non-Redfield plankton–ecosystem model (OPEM v1.1) in UVic-ESCM 2.9 – Part 2: Sensitivity analysis and model calibration C. Chien et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4691-2020
27. Diffusion controls the ventilation of a Pacific Shadow Zone above abyssal overturning M. Holzer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24648-x
28. Estimating marine carbon uptake in the northeast Pacific using a neural network approach P. Duke et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3919-2023
29. Interannual sea–air CO2 flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme C. Rödenbeck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4599-2014
30. Data-based estimates of the ocean carbon sink variability – first results of the Surface Ocean pCO2 Mapping intercomparison (SOCOM) C. Rödenbeck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7251-2015
31. Spatial variability of summertime aragonite saturation states and its influencing factor in the Bering Sea H. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.04.001
32. The Fate of Oxygen in the Ocean and Its Sensitivity to Local Changes in Biological Production M. Holzer https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018802
33. Possible future scenarios for two major Arctic Gateways connecting Subarctic and Arctic marine systems: I. Climate and physical–chemical oceanography K. Drinkwater et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab182
34. Observed Regional Fluxes to Constrain Modeled Estimates of the Ocean Carbon Sink A. Fay & G. McKinley https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095325
35. Recent trends and drivers of regional sources and sinks of carbon dioxide S. Sitch et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-653-2015
36. The Effect of Basal Melting of the Shirase Glacier Tongue on the CO2 System in Lützow‐Holm Bay, East Antarctica M. Kiuchi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005762
37. Consistency and Challenges in the Ocean Carbon Sink Estimate for the Global Carbon Budget J. Hauck et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.571720
38. The increasing big gap of carbon sink between the western and eastern Pacific in the last three decades G. Zhong et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1088181
39. Surface pCO2 variability in two contrasting basins of North Indian Ocean using satellite data S. Mohanty et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2021.103665
40. The relationship between carbon dioxide flux and environmental parameters at a tropical coastal sea on different timescales Y. Yusup et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115106
41. Enhancement of the North Atlantic CO2 sink by Arctic Waters J. Olafsson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1689-2021
42. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) D. Bakker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016
43. Effects of assimilating phytoplankton carbon in marine ecosystem modelling in NEMO4.0.4-MEDUSA2.0-PDAF2.0 Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-7589-2026
44. Time of emergence of trends in ocean biogeochemistry K. Keller et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3647-2014
45. Reconciling Observation and Model Trends in North Atlantic Surface CO2 A. Lebehot et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006186
46. Membrane equilibration for in situ dissolved gas instrumentation: a comparison of four approaches B. Colson & A. Michel https://doi.org/10.3389/frmst.2025.1488800
47. NZOA-ON: the New Zealand Ocean Acidification Observing Network J. Vance et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF19222
48. Thematic domain analysis for ocean modeling R. Jung et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105323
49. Wind‐driven ocean dynamics impact on the contrasting sea‐ice trends around West Antarctica S. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012416
50. Extreme coastal El Niño reduces ocean carbon outgassing off Peru W. Zeng et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70176
51. Technical note: Evaluation of three machine learning models for surface ocean CO2 mapping J. Zeng et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-303-2017
52. Multi‐Century Changes in the Ocean Carbon Cycle Controlled by the Tropical Oceans and the Southern Ocean M. Chikamoto & P. DiNezio https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007090
53. Atmospheric CO2 and Sea Surface Temperature Variability Cannot Explain Recent Decadal Variability of the Ocean CO2 Sink T. DeVries https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096018
54. A significant net sink for CO2 in Tokyo Bay A. Kubo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44355
55. Mesoscale Temporal Wind Variability Biases Global Air–Sea Gas Transfer Velocity of CO2 and Other Slightly Soluble Gases Y. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071328
56. An Integrated Assessment Model for Helping the United States Sea Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) Fishery Plan Ahead for Ocean Acidification and Warming S. Cooley et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124145
57. Autonomous seawater pCO2 and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends A. Sutton et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019
58. Comparing Trends in the Southern Annular Mode and Surface Westerly Jet N. Swart et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0334.1
59. Anthropogenic carbon in the ocean—Surface to interior connections S. Groeskamp et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005476
60. Global high-resolution monthly pCO2 climatology for the coastal ocean derived from neural network interpolation G. Laruelle et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4545-2017
61. Sources of Uncertainty in Regional and Global Terrestrial CO2 Exchange Estimates A. Bastos et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006393
62. Carbon Sinks and Variations of pCO2 in the Southern Ocean From 1998 to 2018 Based on a Deep Learning Approach Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3066552
63. Complex functionality with minimal computation: Promise and pitfalls of reduced‐tracer ocean biogeochemistry models E. Galbraith et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015MS000463
64. Impacts of data assimilation on the global ocean carbonate system L. Visinelli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.02.011
65. A uniform pCO2 climatology combining open and coastal oceans P. Landschützer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2537-2020
66. Dominance of the Southern Ocean in Anthropogenic Carbon and Heat Uptake in CMIP5 Models T. Frölicher et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00117.1
67. Recent evidence for a strengthening CO2 sink in the Southern Ocean from carbonate system measurements in the Drake Passage (2002–2015) D. Munro et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065194
68. Influence of biological carbon export on ocean carbon uptake over the annual cycle across the North Pacific Ocean H. Palevsky & P. Quay https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005527
69. Transport and storage of anthropogenic C in the North Atlantic Subpolar Ocean V. Racapé et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4661-2018
70. Sea–air CO2 fluxes in the Indian Ocean between 1990 and 2009 V. Sarma et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7035-2013
71. The Variable Southern Ocean Carbon Sink N. Gruber et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063407
72. Impact of ocean acidification on the biogeochemistry and meiofaunal assemblage of carbonate-rich sediments: Results from core incubations (Bay of Villefranche, NW Mediterranean Sea) J. Rassmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.05.006
73. The seasonal cycle of carbonate system processes in Ryder Bay, West Antarctic Peninsula O. Legge et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.11.006
74. Evaluation of a New Carbon Dioxide System for Autonomous Surface Vehicles C. Sabine et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0010.1
75. Substantially underestimated winter CO 2 sources of the Southern Ocean S. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea0024
76. Climatological variations of total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea surface waters E. Gemayel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-789-2015
77. A seamless ensemble-based reconstruction of surface ocean pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes over the global coastal and open oceans T. Chau et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1087-2022
78. Remote estimation of surface pCO2 on the West Florida Shelf S. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.09.004
79. Ocean acidification and calcium carbonate saturation states in the coastal zone of the West Antarctic Peninsula E. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.01.007
80. Spatial and temporal patterns and risk assessment of carbon source and sink balance of land use in watersheds of arid zones in China - a case study of Bosten Lake basin F. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111308
81. Investigation of the concentrations and fluxes of potent greenhouse gases (N2O, CH4, and CO2) in the port and harbor seawaters of Jeju Island, Korea S. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118176
82. The Ocean's Global 39Ar Distribution Estimated With an Ocean Circulation Inverse Model M. Holzer et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082663
83. Identifying marine climate refugia to advance climate-smart conservation M. Sanz-Martín et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2026.04.007
84. Time series pCO2 at a coastal mooring: Internal consistency, seasonal cycles, and interannual variability J. Reimer et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.06.022
85. Long‐Term Slowdown of Ocean Carbon Uptake by Alkalinity Dynamics M. Chikamoto et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101954
86. Global Carbon Budget 2022 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022
87. Seasonal to decadal variations of sea surface pCO2 and sea‐air CO2 flux in the equatorial oceans over 1984–2013: A basin‐scale comparison of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005031
88. Variations in Seawater pCO2 Associated With Vertical Mixing During Tropical Cyclone Season in the Northwestern Subtropical Pacific Ocean Y. Ko et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.679314
89. A two-step Random Forest algorithm for deriving dissolved inorganic carbon in lakes from Landsat satellite data Y. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.121068
90. High-frequency continuous measurements reveal strong diel and seasonal cycling of pCO2 and CO2 flux in a mesohaline reach of the Chesapeake Bay A. Miller et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3717-2024
91. Radiocarbon and Helium Isotope Constraints on Deep Ocean Ventilation and Mantle‐3He Sources T. DeVries & M. Holzer https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014716
92. A fresh look at the pre-industrial air–sea carbon flux using the alkalinity budget A. Planchat et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6017-2025
93. Regionalized global budget of the CO2 exchange at the air‐water interface in continental shelf seas G. Laruelle et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004832
94. The Ocean Carbon States Database: a proof-of-concept application of cluster analysis in the ocean carbon cycle R. Latto & A. Romanou https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-609-2018
95. Combining GOSAT XCO2 observations over land and ocean to improve regional CO2 flux estimates F. Deng et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024157
96. Feedback Mechanisms Between Atmospheric and Oceanic Factors on Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Over Tropical Coastal Waters M. Sigid et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-024-00448-3
97. Strong biological carbon uptake and carbonate chemistry associated with dense shelf water outflows in the Cape Darnley polynya, East Antarctica K. Murakami et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103842
98. Enhanced ocean CO2 uptake due to near-surface temperature gradients D. Ford et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01570-7
99. An observing system simulation for Southern Ocean carbon dioxide uptake J. Majkut et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0046
100. Upper Ocean Biogeochemistry of the Oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: From Nutrient Sources to Carbon Export M. Dai et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RG000800
101. Consideraciones éticas y ambientales en el proceso de acidificación oceánica N. Gil-Luna https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2017.21.2.6
102. Quantifying the Atmospheric CO2 Forcing Effect on Surface Ocean pCO2 in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre in the Past Two Decades S. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.636881
103. Sea–air CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean for the period 1990–2009 A. Lenton et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4037-2013
104. Global Carbon Budget 2018 C. Le Quéré et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018
105. The Impact of Orbital Precession on Air‐Sea CO2 Exchange in the Southern Ocean C. Persch et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103820
106. Laboratory experiments on CO2 gas exchange with wave breaking S. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-20-0272.1
107. Surface CO2 partial pressure and air–sea CO2 flux on the China side of the South Yellow Sea based on multiple-year underway measurements during 2005–2011 and comparison with results for 2011–2018 W. Zhai et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103466
108. Space and time variability of the Southern Ocean carbon budget I. Rosso et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012646
109. Stable Carbon Isotopes Suggest Large Terrestrial Carbon Inputs to the Global Ocean E. Kwon et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006684
110. Projected reversal of oceanic stable carbon isotope ratio depth gradient with continued anthropogenic carbon emissions E. Kwon et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00388-8
111. CO2 fluxes in the South African coastal region V. Arnone et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.07.008
112. Detecting the Unexpected: A Research Framework for Ocean Acidification C. Pfister et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/es501936p
113. Assessment of the Carbonate Chemistry Seasonal Cycles in the Southern Ocean From Persistent Observational Platforms N. Williams et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JC012917
114. Future Carbon Emission From Boreal and Permafrost Lakes Are Sensitive to Catchment Organic Carbon Loads T. Bayer et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004978
115. An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2) D. Bakker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014
116. Updated climatological mean ΔfCO2 and net sea–air CO2 flux over the global open ocean regions A. Fay et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2123-2024
117. Influence of El Niño on atmospheric CO 2 over the tropical Pacific Ocean: Findings from NASA’s OCO-2 mission A. Chatterjee et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam5776
118. The contribution of low temperature and biological activities to the CO2 sink in Jiaozhou Bay during winter H. Zang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2018.05.008
119. Spatiotemporal characteristics of seasonal to multidecadal variability of pCO2 and air‐sea CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean V. Valsala et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010212
120. Effect of gas-transfer velocity parameterization choice on air–sea CO2 fluxes in the North Atlantic Ocean and the European Arctic I. Wrobel & J. Piskozub https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1091-2016
121. South Atlantic interbasin exchanges of mass, heat, salt and anthropogenic carbon G. Evans et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2016.11.005
122. Radiocarbon as a Dating Tool and Tracer in Paleoceanography L. Skinner & E. Bard https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000720
123. Natural Variability and Anthropogenic Trends in the Ocean Carbon Sink G. McKinley et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060529
124. Half a century of satellite remote sensing of sea-surface temperature P. Minnett et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111366
125. QUODcarb: A Bayesian solver for over-determined datasets of seawater carbon dioxide system chemistry M. Fennell & F. Primeau https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104470
126. Global Carbon Budget 2021 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022
127. Assessment of pH dependent errors in spectrophotometric pH measurements of seawater Y. Takeshita et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103801
128. Spatial reconstruction of long-term (2003–2020) sea surface pCO2 in the South China Sea using a machine-learning-based regression method aided by empirical orthogonal function analysis Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1711-2023
129. Audit of the global carbon budget: estimate errors and their impact on uptake uncertainty A. Ballantyne et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2565-2015
130. Overlooked ocean strategies to address climate change S. Cooley et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101968
131. Air–sea exchanges of CO2 in the world's coastal seas C. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013
132. Reviews and syntheses: An empirical spatiotemporal description of the global surface–atmosphere carbon fluxes: opportunities and data limitations J. Zscheischler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3685-2017
133. Re-evaluating the 1940s CO2 plateau A. Bastos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4877-2016
134. Carbon dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean P. Brown et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005006
135. Revision of global carbon fluxes based on a reassessment of oceanic and riverine carbon transport L. Resplandy et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0151-3
136. The Ocean Carbon Cycle T. DeVries https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-120920-111307
137. A Review on CO2 Sequestration: The Indian Scenario S. Pattanaik & B. Nayak https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-023-2434-6
138. A New Metric of the Biological Carbon Pump: Number of Pump Passages and Its Control on Atmospheric pCO2 M. Holzer et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006863
139. Seasonal Drivers of Carbon Dioxide Dynamics in a Hydrologically Modified Subtropical Tidal River and Estuary (Caboolture River, Australia) L. Jeffrey et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JG004023
140. Understanding the Seasonality, Trends, and Controlling Factors of Indian Ocean Acidification Over Distinctive Bio‐Provinces K. Madkaiker et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JG006926
141. The Southern Ocean carbon sink has been overestimated in the past three decades G. Zhong et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01566-6
142. Influence of the oceanic cool skin layer on global air–sea CO2 flux estimates S. Woods et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.11.023
143. Gaining insights into the seawater carbonate system using discrete fCO2 measurements M. García-Ibáñez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2022.104150
144. Intraseasonal variability linked to sampling alias in air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean P. Monteiro et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066009
145. Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake: an improved multiyear estimate of the air–sea CO2 flux incorporating chlorophyll a concentrations S. Yasunaka et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1643-2018
146. On which timescales do gas transfer velocities control North Atlantic CO2 flux variability? M. Couldrey et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005267
147. Global Carbon Budget 2015 C. Le Quéré et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-349-2015
148. In Situ Sensor Technology for Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Measurements of Seawater Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and pH Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/es504893n
149. Global carbon budget 2014 C. Le Quéré et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-47-2015
150. Satellite-Based Assessment of Spatially Heterogeneous XCO2 and Marine pCO2 Trends (2015–2020) S. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18040630
151. Significant fraction of CO2 emissions from boreal lakes derived from hydrologic inorganic carbon inputs G. Weyhenmeyer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2582
152. Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes M. Boy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2015-2019
153. Impact of SST and ocean dynamics on the interannual variability of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the tropical Pacific Q. Sun & Y. Du https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07598-8
154. Characterization of a Time-Domain Dual Lifetime Referencing pCO2 Optode and Deployment as a High-Resolution Underway Sensor across the High Latitude North Atlantic Ocean J. Clarke et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00396
155. Impact of physical and biological processes on temporal variations of the ocean carbon sink in the mid-latitude North Atlantic (2002–2016) V. Macovei et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102223
156. Sparse observations induce large biases in estimates of the global ocean CO 2 sink: an ocean model subsampling experiment J. Hauck et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0063
157. Attribution of Space‐Time Variability in Global‐Ocean Dissolved Inorganic Carbon D. Carroll et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007162
158. The seasonal cycle as a mode to diagnose biases in modelled CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean N. Mongwe et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.09.006
159. Effects of the glacial meltwater supply on carbonate chemistry in Bowdoin Fjord, Northwestern Greenland T. Horikawa et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.873860
160. Global atmospheric carbon budget: results from an ensemble of atmospheric CO2 inversions P. Peylin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6699-2013
161. Carbon Cycle–Climate Feedbacks in the Post-Paris World D. Schimel & D. Carroll https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-081700
162. Regulation of surface carbon dioxide distributions and air–sea fluxes by temperature, biology, and mixing along the North American Atlantic Coastal Ocean Margin Z. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70073
163. The carbon sink of the Coral Sea, the world's second largest marginal sea, weakened during 2006–2018 S. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162219
164. Trends in pCO2 and sea–air CO2 flux over the global open oceans for the last two decades Y. Iida et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-015-0306-4
165. Satellite Evidence that E. huxleyi Phytoplankton Blooms Weaken Marine Carbon Sinks D. Kondrik et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076240
166. Ocean biogeochemistry in the coupled ocean–sea ice–biogeochemistry model FESOM2.1–REcoM3 Ö. Gürses et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4883-2023
167. Nutrient and dissolved inorganic carbon variability in the North Pacific S. Yasunaka et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-020-00561-7
168. Sensing the ocean biological carbon pump from space: A review of capabilities, concepts, research gaps and future developments R. Brewin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103604
169. The eMLR(C*) Method to Determine Decadal Changes in the Global Ocean Storage of Anthropogenic CO2 D. Clement & N. Gruber https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005819
170. Modeling carbon export mediated by biofouled microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea F. Guerrini et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12330
171. Dynamic partitioning of tropical Indian Ocean surface waters using ocean colour data — management and modelling applications J. Schwarz https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111308
172. Global Carbon Budget 2019 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019
173. Shallow oxygen maximum, net community production, and oxygen release to the atmosphere during spring to fall in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre as observed by the Argo floats equipped with oxygen and pH sensors M. Ishii et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-026-00802-1
174. The measurement of atmospheric CO2 at KMA GAW regional stations, its characteristics, and comparisons with other East Asian sites H. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2149-2019
175. Predicting near-term variability in ocean carbon uptake N. Lovenduski et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-45-2019
176. Enhanced carbon loss in the Southern Ocean under mitigation scenarios H. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aee9228
177. Carbon budget and balance critical processes of the regional land-water-air interface: Indicating the earth system’s carbon neutrality Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9883-3
178. Development and evaluation of CNRM Earth system model – CNRM-ESM1 R. Séférian et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1423-2016
179. Surface ocean-lower atmosphere study: Scientific synthesis and contribution to Earth system science E. Brévière et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2015.11.001
180. Estimating Air‐Sea Carbon Flux Uncertainty Over the Tropical Pacific: Importance of Winds and Wind Analysis Uncertainty A. Chiodi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006047
181. Monsoonal and annual energy fluxes variations in the atmospheric surface layer over a coastal region of the tropical ocean Y. Yusup et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100707
182. Using satellite data to estimate partial pressure of CO2 in the Baltic Sea G. Parard et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003064
183. Factors affecting interdecadal variability of air–sea CO2 fluxes in the tropical Pacific, revealed by an ocean physical–biogeochemical model F. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04766-5
184. Ocean acidification along the Gulf Coast and East Coast of the USA R. Wanninkhof et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2015.02.008
185. Monthly and seasonal variations in the surface carbonate system and air–sea CO2 flux of the Yellow Sea Y. Ko et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113822
186. Diel Variability of CO2 and CH4 from Inland Waters: Patterns, Drivers, and Implications L. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18030415
187. Plankton carbon metabolism and air–water CO2 fluxes at a hypereutrophic tropical estuary M. Guenther et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12423
188. Global Carbon Budget 2020 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020
189. Seasonal variability in surface water pCO2 and air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean Y. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103515
190. Impact of sampling depth on CO$$_{2}$$ flux estimates C. Azevedo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69177-x
191. Carbon Fluxes in the Coastal Ocean: Synthesis, Boundary Processes, and Future Trends M. Dai et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-090746
192. Mapping of the air–sea CO2 flux in the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas: Basin-wide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability S. Yasunaka et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2016.03.006
193. Mapping the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 of global terrestrial systems Y. Lian et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.103176
194. Source‐Labeled Anthropogenic Carbon Reveals a Large Shift of Preindustrial Carbon From the Ocean to the Atmosphere M. Holzer & T. DeVries https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007405
195. Global Air–Sea CO2 Flux in 22 CMIP5 Models: Multiyear Mean and Interannual Variability* F. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00788.1
196. A Global Surface Ocean fCO2 Climatology Based on a Feed-Forward Neural Network J. Zeng et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00137.1
197. Marine biogeochemical cycling and oceanic CO2 uptake simulated by the NUIST Earth System Model version 3 (NESM v3) Y. Dai et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3119-2020
198. Spatiotemporal variability and drivers of pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes in the California Current System: an eddy-resolving modeling study G. Turi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-671-2014
199. Statistical modeling the effects of microclimate variables on carbon dioxide flux at the tropical coastal ocean in the southern South China Sea Y. Yusup et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2018.08.002
200. A trend-based ecological indicator framework for spatially classifying ocean acidification risk to global coral reefs W. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114545
201. Southern Ocean carbon trends: Sensitivity to methods A. Fay et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061324
202. Narrowing the spread in CMIP5 model projections of air-sea CO2 fluxes L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37548
203. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) tracks 2–3 peta-gram increase in carbon release to the atmosphere during the 2014–2016 El Niño P. Patra et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13459-0
204. Global Carbon Budget 2017 C. Le Quéré et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018
205. Temporal variability of the carbonate system and air-sea CO2 exchanges in a Mediterranean human-impacted coastal site C. Wimart-Rousseau et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106641
206. Carbon emissions from emerging glacier-fed Himalayan lakes T. Shukla et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104134
207. Global Carbon Budget 2016 C. Le Quéré et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-605-2016
208. Regional Wind Variability Modulates the Southern Ocean Carbon Sink L. Keppler & P. Landschützer https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43826-y
209. Time of Emergence and Large Ensemble Intercomparison for Ocean Biogeochemical Trends S. Schlunegger et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006453
210. Effects of glacial melting on carbonate chemistry and primary production in coastal waters off Mertz Glacier, East Antarctica N. Samori et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00039
211. Perspectives on Chemical Oceanography in the 21st century: Participants of the COME ABOARD Meeting examine aspects of the field in the context of 40 years of DISCO A. Fassbender et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.09.002
212. A synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2022: the SNAPO-CO2-v1 dataset N. Metzl et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024
213. Canada's marine carbon sink: an early career perspective on the state of research and existing knowledge gaps P. Duke et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2022-0214
214. Top–down assessment of the Asian carbon budget since the mid 1990s R. Thompson et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10724
215. A high-frequency atmospheric and seawater pCO2 data set from 14 open-ocean sites using a moored autonomous system A. Sutton et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-353-2014
216. Magnitude, Trends, and Variability of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink From 1985 to 2018 T. DeVries et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007780
217. Multiscale Temporal Variability of the Global Air‐Sea CO2 Flux Anomaly Y. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JG006934
218. Deep transfer learning for global ocean surface pCO2 reanalysis D. Cho et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2026.105210
219. Decadal trends of ocean and land carbon fluxes from a regional joint ocean‐atmosphere inversion K. Steinkamp & N. Gruber https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004907
220. Effects of Typhoons on Surface Seawater pCO2 and Air‐Sea CO2 Fluxes in the Northern South China Sea P. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016258
221. Ocean carbon sink assessment via temperature and salinity data assimilation into a global ocean biogeochemistry model F. Bunsen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-437-2025
222. Spatio-temporal variability of surface water pCO2 and nutrients in the tropical Pacific from 1981 to 2015 S. Yasunaka et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104680
223. The dynamic controls on carbonate mineral saturation states and ocean acidification in a glacially dominated estuary S. Reisdorph & J. Mathis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.03.018
224. Can CMIP5 Earth System Models Reproduce the Interannual Variability of Air–Sea CO2 Fluxes over the Tropical Pacific Ocean? C. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0131.1
225. Reduction of tropical cyclone-induced ocean carbon outgassing since 1993 H. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01985-4
226. The carbon cycle in the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS-ESM1) – Part 2: Historical simulations T. Ziehn et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2591-2017
227. Characteristics and influencing factors of CO2 emission from inland waters in China T. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-023-1286-5
228. Modeling the Recent Changes in the Arctic Ocean CO2Sink (2006–2013) M. Manizza et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006070
229. Global air-sea CO2 flux inversion based on multi-source data fusion and machine learning Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2024.115963
230. ESD Reviews: Climate feedbacks in the Earth system and prospects for their evaluation C. Heinze et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-379-2019
231. The Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle 1985–2018: Mean, Seasonal Cycle, Trends, and Storage J. Hauck et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007848
232. Development of SPEEK-Coated IrOx Sensor for High-Biomass Aquatic pH Monitoring Y. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c00704
233. Time-lag correction for oceanic in situ CO2 sensors using a physics-informed hybrid BiLSTM-attention and Kalman filter framework M. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44295-026-00106-6
234. Strong sensitivity of Southern Ocean carbon uptake and nutrient cycling to wind stirring K. Rodgers et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4077-2014
235. Monthly dynamics of carbon dioxide exchange across the sea surface of the Arctic Ocean in response to changes in gas transfer velocity and partial pressure of CO 2 in 2010 I. Wrobel https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2017.05.001
236. Collapse of the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic CO2 sink in boreal spring of 2010 J. Ibánhez et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41694
237. Modeling of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Concentrations as a Function of Fossil-Fuel and Land-Use Change CO2 Emissions Coupled with Oceanic and Terrestrial Sequestration J. O’Connor https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8050061
238. Changes in Ocean Heat, Carbon Content, and Ventilation: A Review of the First Decade of GO-SHIP Global Repeat Hydrography L. Talley et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-052915-100829
239. Satellites will address critical science priorities for quantifying ocean carbon J. Shutler et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2129
240. Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice B. Butterworth & B. Else https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6075-2018
241. Environmental controls of surface water pCO2 in different coastal environments: Observations from marine buoys S. Chen & C. Hu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2019.06.007
242. Global Carbon Budget Changes under RCP Scenarios in HadGEM2-CC T. Heo et al. https://doi.org/10.14191/Atmos.2015.25.1.085
243. Continental shelves as a variable but increasing global sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide G. Laruelle et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02738-z
244. Spectrophotometric loop flow analyzer for high-precision measurement of seawater pH L. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121775
245. Global open-ocean biomes: mean and temporal variability A. Fay & G. McKinley https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-273-2014
246. ENSO Significantly Changes the Carbon Sink and Source Pattern in the Pacific Ocean with Regional Differences X. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244652
247. A comparative assessment of the uncertainties of global surface ocean CO2 estimates using a machine-learning ensemble (CSIR-ML6 version 2019a) – have we hit the wall? L. Gregor et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-5113-2019
248. The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO2exchange in the Baltic Sea G. Parard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1093-2017
249. Wintertime fCO2 Variability in the Subpolar North Atlantic Since 2004 F. Fröb et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080554
250. Variability of pCO2 Fields in the Global Surface Ocean Using Ocean Color Data: Utilization of EOS-06 OCM Chlorophyll S. Mohanty et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-026-02477-z
251. Pathways of anthropogenic carbon subduction in the global ocean L. Bopp et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065073
252. Accelerating CO2 Outgassing in the Equatorial Pacific from Satellite Remote Sensing Y. Shang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17020247
253. Advancements in Carbon Dioxide Modeling: An Algorithm Incorporating In-Situ and Satellite Data for Improved Understanding of pCO Dynamics in the Bay of Bengal I. Shaik et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3338005
254. Rapid invasion of anthropogenic CO2into the deep circulation of the Weddell Gyre S. van Heuven et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0056
255. Particulate organic matter sinks and sources in high Arctic fjord K. Kuliński et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.018
256. The Influence of Air‐Sea CO2 Disequilibrium on Carbon Sequestration by the Ocean's Biological Pump M. Nowicki et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007880
257. Sea‐air CO2 exchange in the western Arctic coastal ocean W. Evans et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005153
258. Global carbon budget 2013 C. Le Quéré et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-235-2014
259. Citizen science shows systematic changes in the temperature difference between air and inland waters with global warming G. Weyhenmeyer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43890
260. Seasonal trends in the Southeast Florida current and shelf CO2 fluxes L. Zhang & R. Woosley https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2021.104566
261. Seasonal Asymmetry in the Evolution of Surface Ocean pCO2 and pH Thermodynamic Drivers and the Influence on Sea‐Air CO2 Flux A. Fassbender et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017GB005855
262. Contrasting seasonal variability of net community production between the Southern Yellow Sea and the Northern East China Sea during spring and summer I. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107458
263. Holocene dynamics of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds and possible links to CO2 outgassing K. Saunders et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0186-5
264. Carbon cycling dynamics in the seasonal sea-ice zone of East Antarctica N. Roden et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012008
265. Seawater DIC analysis: The effects of blanks and long‐term storage on measurements of concentration and stable isotope composition G. Olack et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10235
266. Variability of Sea-Air Carbon Dioxide Flux in Autumn Across the Weddell Gyre and Offshore Dronning Maud Land in the Southern Ocean M. Ogundare et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.614263