Leaf inclination angle distribution is a key parameter for radiative transfer modeling and for proximal and remote sensing applications, and is an often-overlooked response of plants to stress in the short term (diurnal dynamics). Traditionally, measuring leaf inclination angles is labor-intensive. AngleCamV2 provides a continuous, low-cost system to assess leaf angle distributions that can be used to better constrain the retrieval of plant traits from radiative transfer model inversions, interpret signals such as sun-induced fluorescence that is highly dependent on the canopy architecture, and understand leaf inclination dynamics under water stress.

Distinction between transpiration and other sources for the evaporation of liquid water from vegetated land surfaces is important for understanding the control mechanisms of evaporation, for plant physiological interpretation, and for testing hydrological models. A number of approaches to partition eddy covariance total evaporation measurements into transpiration and other water vapour fluxes have recently been published. This review gives a timely overview over current partitioning approaches, examines where these approaches were applied and how results comply with independent information. Important conclusions on the robustness of the approaches in relation to the ecosystem types are provided, which is an excellent basis for choosing between existing approaches and for new developments.

The study presents the first simultaneous in-situ eddy covariance measurements of CO₂ and H₂O isotopologue fluxes above an Amazonian rainforest canopy. Using δ¹⁸O as a shared tracer, the authors reconstruct a coherent isotopic cascade linking soil, xylem, leaf, canopy, and atmosphere for both water and carbon dioxide, and demonstrate that the two isotopic states are physically consistent at the leaf evaporative sites where they intersect. This allows the elusive gross components of net exchange to be resolved: transpiration accounts for 95.5% of evapotranspiration, while photosynthesis (144% of NEE) and soil respiration (-44%) are separated. As the Amazon shifts from carbon sink toward source, such methods offer a valuable route to disentangle carbon–water coupling.