Biology and air&ndash;sea gas exchange controls on the distribution of carbon isotope ratios (δ<sup>13</sup>C) in the ocean

Schmittner, A.; Gruber, N.; Mix, A. C.; Key, R. M.; Tagliabue, A.; Westberry, T. K.

doi:10.5194/bg-10-5793-2013

Articles | Volume 10, issue 9

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5793-2013

© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5793-2013

© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 10, issue 9

Research article

|

04 Sep 2013

Research article |

| 04 Sep 2013

Biology and air–sea gas exchange controls on the distribution of carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) in the ocean

A. Schmittner, N. Gruber, A. C. Mix, R. M. Key, A. Tagliabue, and T. K. Westberry

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Total article views: 8,764 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
4,696	3,813	255	8,764	258	276

HTML: 4,696
PDF: 3,813
XML: 255
Total: 8,764
BibTeX: 258
EndNote: 276

Views and downloads (calculated since 21 May 2013)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
May 2013	96	80	7	183
Jun 2013	146	50	2	198
Jul 2013	50	30	2	82
Aug 2013	11	36	0	47
Sep 2013	241	164	6	411
Oct 2013	114	125	5	244
Nov 2013	63	106	5	174
Dec 2013	70	110	5	185
Jan 2014	48	88	10	146
Feb 2014	42	72	10	124
Mar 2014	53	56	5	114
Apr 2014	49	82	5	136
May 2014	33	92	0	125
Jun 2014	31	65	2	98
Jul 2014	40	63	4	107
Aug 2014	23	46	3	72
Sep 2014	51	57	2	110
Oct 2014	29	59	2	90
Nov 2014	17	33	3	53
Dec 2014	30	24	1	55
Jan 2015	25	22	1	48
Feb 2015	19	14	0	33
Mar 2015	22	20	0	42
Apr 2015	30	18	0	48
May 2015	17	29	1	47
Jun 2015	40	38	1	79
Jul 2015	35	25	1	61
Aug 2015	19	27	0	46
Sep 2015	13	18	0	31
Oct 2015	26	18	1	45
Nov 2015	36	19	2	57
Dec 2015	16	14	2	32
Jan 2016	43	17	0	60
Feb 2016	20	17	0	37
Mar 2016	31	29	0	60
Apr 2016	9	16	1	26
May 2016	18	11	1	30
Jun 2016	19	12	6	37
Jul 2016	13	8	2	23
Aug 2016	12	8	3	23
Sep 2016	15	7	1	23
Oct 2016	20	9	1	30
Nov 2016	11	5	1	17
Dec 2016	10	9	0	19
Jan 2017	29	9	0	38
Feb 2017	15	7	0	22
Mar 2017	25	26	0	51
Apr 2017	40	8	0	48
May 2017	25	19	0	44
Jun 2017	27	14	3	44
Jul 2017	20	14	1	35
Aug 2017	16	13	1	30
Sep 2017	37	20	1	58
Oct 2017	12	30	2	44
Nov 2017	27	22	1	50
Dec 2017	12	22	0	34
Jan 2018	24	14	0	38
Feb 2018	24	14	2	40
Mar 2018	19	13	1	33
Apr 2018	16	16	1	33
May 2018	20	19	2	41
Jun 2018	14	13	0	27
Jul 2018	19	19	0	38
Aug 2018	15	12	0	27
Sep 2018	19	19	0	38
Oct 2018	15	22	0	37
Nov 2018	16	25	0	41
Dec 2018	15	11	0	26
Jan 2019	10	4	0	14
Feb 2019	15	10	0	25
Mar 2019	15	16	0	31
Apr 2019	11	8	2	21
May 2019	5	9	0	14
Jun 2019	14	22	0	36
Jul 2019	7	5	0	12
Aug 2019	8	4	1	13
Sep 2019	14	6	2	22
Oct 2019	30	20	1	51
Nov 2019	10	7	0	17
Dec 2019	21	12	0	33
Jan 2020	18	13	4	35
Feb 2020	11	10	0	21
Mar 2020	11	9	0	20
Apr 2020	10	14	2	26
May 2020	16	8	0	24
Jun 2020	20	6	1	27
Jul 2020	36	22	5	63
Aug 2020	14	12	6	32
Sep 2020	20	15	1	36
Oct 2020	21	19	2	42
Nov 2020	31	12	2	45
Dec 2020	27	22	1	50
Jan 2021	32	16	2	50
Feb 2021	26	19	0	45
Mar 2021	16	17	1	34
Apr 2021	22	22	1	45
May 2021	10	20	0	30
Jun 2021	11	12	0	23
Jul 2021	20	17	1	38
Aug 2021	16	14	1	31
Sep 2021	12	21	0	33
Oct 2021	21	54	0	75
Nov 2021	18	31	0	49
Dec 2021	21	19	2	42
Jan 2022	21	31	4	56
Feb 2022	16	8	2	26
Mar 2022	27	17	0	44
Apr 2022	14	7	2	23
May 2022	11	23	1	35
Jun 2022	26	12	0	38
Jul 2022	19	16	1	36
Aug 2022	24	12	1	37
Sep 2022	26	19	1	46
Oct 2022	28	18	1	47
Nov 2022	20	21	0	41
Dec 2022	35	5	2	42
Jan 2023	32	25	6	63
Feb 2023	29	16	1	46
Mar 2023	34	26	1	61
Apr 2023	34	35	1	70
May 2023	20	20	0	40
Jun 2023	29	14	3	46
Jul 2023	24	11	0	35
Aug 2023	24	13	2	39
Sep 2023	22	12	0	34
Oct 2023	36	19	2	57
Nov 2023	11	19	0	30
Dec 2023	23	6	1	30
Jan 2024	37	23	0	60
Feb 2024	22	15	0	37
Mar 2024	24	18	4	46
Apr 2024	35	18	5	58
May 2024	38	36	6	80
Jun 2024	80	13	3	96
Jul 2024	49	22	4	75
Aug 2024	66	16	3	85
Sep 2024	24	7	0	31
Oct 2024	33	6	1	40
Nov 2024	49	8	1	58
Dec 2024	33	21	1	55
Jan 2025	28	23	0	51
Feb 2025	52	26	0	78
Mar 2025	43	15	0	58
Apr 2025	57	19	2	78
May 2025	52	11	2	65
Jun 2025	66	14	0	80
Jul 2025	39	19	1	59
Aug 2025	52	20	3	75
Sep 2025	64	15	2	81
Oct 2025	50	33	2	85
Nov 2025	55	43	15	113
Dec 2025	61	47	2	110
Jan 2026	56	53	8	117
Feb 2026	37	45	0	82
Mar 2026	32	26	1	59

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 21 May 2013)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
May 2013	96	80	7	183
Jun 2013	146	50	2	198
Jul 2013	50	30	2	82
Aug 2013	11	36	0	47
Sep 2013	241	164	6	411
Oct 2013	114	125	5	244
Nov 2013	63	106	5	174
Dec 2013	70	110	5	185
Jan 2014	48	88	10	146
Feb 2014	42	72	10	124
Mar 2014	53	56	5	114
Apr 2014	49	82	5	136
May 2014	33	92	0	125
Jun 2014	31	65	2	98
Jul 2014	40	63	4	107
Aug 2014	23	46	3	72
Sep 2014	51	57	2	110
Oct 2014	29	59	2	90
Nov 2014	17	33	3	53
Dec 2014	30	24	1	55
Jan 2015	25	22	1	48
Feb 2015	19	14	0	33
Mar 2015	22	20	0	42
Apr 2015	30	18	0	48
May 2015	17	29	1	47
Jun 2015	40	38	1	79
Jul 2015	35	25	1	61
Aug 2015	19	27	0	46
Sep 2015	13	18	0	31
Oct 2015	26	18	1	45
Nov 2015	36	19	2	57
Dec 2015	16	14	2	32
Jan 2016	43	17	0	60
Feb 2016	20	17	0	37
Mar 2016	31	29	0	60
Apr 2016	9	16	1	26
May 2016	18	11	1	30
Jun 2016	19	12	6	37
Jul 2016	13	8	2	23
Aug 2016	12	8	3	23
Sep 2016	15	7	1	23
Oct 2016	20	9	1	30
Nov 2016	11	5	1	17
Dec 2016	10	9	0	19
Jan 2017	29	9	0	38
Feb 2017	15	7	0	22
Mar 2017	25	26	0	51
Apr 2017	40	8	0	48
May 2017	25	19	0	44
Jun 2017	27	14	3	44
Jul 2017	20	14	1	35
Aug 2017	16	13	1	30
Sep 2017	37	20	1	58
Oct 2017	12	30	2	44
Nov 2017	27	22	1	50
Dec 2017	12	22	0	34
Jan 2018	24	14	0	38
Feb 2018	24	14	2	40
Mar 2018	19	13	1	33
Apr 2018	16	16	1	33
May 2018	20	19	2	41
Jun 2018	14	13	0	27
Jul 2018	19	19	0	38
Aug 2018	15	12	0	27
Sep 2018	19	19	0	38
Oct 2018	15	22	0	37
Nov 2018	16	25	0	41
Dec 2018	15	11	0	26
Jan 2019	10	4	0	14
Feb 2019	15	10	0	25
Mar 2019	15	16	0	31
Apr 2019	11	8	2	21
May 2019	5	9	0	14
Jun 2019	14	22	0	36
Jul 2019	7	5	0	12
Aug 2019	8	4	1	13
Sep 2019	14	6	2	22
Oct 2019	30	20	1	51
Nov 2019	10	7	0	17
Dec 2019	21	12	0	33
Jan 2020	18	13	4	35
Feb 2020	11	10	0	21
Mar 2020	11	9	0	20
Apr 2020	10	14	2	26
May 2020	16	8	0	24
Jun 2020	20	6	1	27
Jul 2020	36	22	5	63
Aug 2020	14	12	6	32
Sep 2020	20	15	1	36
Oct 2020	21	19	2	42
Nov 2020	31	12	2	45
Dec 2020	27	22	1	50
Jan 2021	32	16	2	50
Feb 2021	26	19	0	45
Mar 2021	16	17	1	34
Apr 2021	22	22	1	45
May 2021	10	20	0	30
Jun 2021	11	12	0	23
Jul 2021	20	17	1	38
Aug 2021	16	14	1	31
Sep 2021	12	21	0	33
Oct 2021	21	54	0	75
Nov 2021	18	31	0	49
Dec 2021	21	19	2	42
Jan 2022	21	31	4	56
Feb 2022	16	8	2	26
Mar 2022	27	17	0	44
Apr 2022	14	7	2	23
May 2022	11	23	1	35
Jun 2022	26	12	0	38
Jul 2022	19	16	1	36
Aug 2022	24	12	1	37
Sep 2022	26	19	1	46
Oct 2022	28	18	1	47
Nov 2022	20	21	0	41
Dec 2022	35	5	2	42
Jan 2023	32	25	6	63
Feb 2023	29	16	1	46
Mar 2023	34	26	1	61
Apr 2023	34	35	1	70
May 2023	20	20	0	40
Jun 2023	29	14	3	46
Jul 2023	24	11	0	35
Aug 2023	24	13	2	39
Sep 2023	22	12	0	34
Oct 2023	36	19	2	57
Nov 2023	11	19	0	30
Dec 2023	23	6	1	30
Jan 2024	37	23	0	60
Feb 2024	22	15	0	37
Mar 2024	24	18	4	46
Apr 2024	35	18	5	58
May 2024	38	36	6	80
Jun 2024	80	13	3	96
Jul 2024	49	22	4	75
Aug 2024	66	16	3	85
Sep 2024	24	7	0	31
Oct 2024	33	6	1	40
Nov 2024	49	8	1	58
Dec 2024	33	21	1	55
Jan 2025	28	23	0	51
Feb 2025	52	26	0	78
Mar 2025	43	15	0	58
Apr 2025	57	19	2	78
May 2025	52	11	2	65
Jun 2025	66	14	0	80
Jul 2025	39	19	1	59
Aug 2025	52	20	3	75
Sep 2025	64	15	2	81
Oct 2025	50	33	2	85
Nov 2025	55	43	15	113
Dec 2025	61	47	2	110
Jan 2026	56	53	8	117
Feb 2026	37	45	0	82
Mar 2026	32	26	1	59

Latest update: 16 Mar 2026

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Biology and air–sea gas exchange controls on the distribution of carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) in the ocean

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Biology and air–sea gas exchange controls on the distribution of carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) in the ocean