Articles | Volume 11, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6623-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6623-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Dec 2014
Research article |
| 02 Dec 2014
Quantification of iron-rich volcanogenic dust emissions and deposition over the ocean from Icelandic dust sources
O. Arnalds
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, 311 Borgarnes, Iceland
H. Olafsson
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
The Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavik, Iceland
Bergen School of Meteorology, Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova
Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, 311 Borgarnes, Iceland
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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48 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Potential of invasive alien top predator as a biomonitor of nickel deposition – the case of American mink in Iceland J. Skorupski et al. 10.1080/24750263.2020.1853264
- The Effects of Habitat Type and Volcanic Eruptions on the Breeding Demography of Icelandic Whimbrels Numenius phaeopus B. Katrínardóttir et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0131395
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- High Latitude Dust Transport Altitude Pattern Revealed from Deposition on Snow, Svalbard J. Kavan et al. 10.3390/atmos11121318
- Wind Tunnel‐Based Comparison of PM10 Emission Rates for Volcanic Ash and Glaciogenic Aerosol Sources Within Iceland T. Richards‐Thomas & C. McKenna‐Neuman 10.1029/2020JD033392
- Weathering of tephra and the formation of pedogenic minerals in young Andosols, South East Iceland T. Bonatotzky et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2020.105030
- Glacial meltwater from Greenland is not likely to be an important source of Fe to the North Atlantic M. Hopwood et al. 10.1007/s10533-015-0091-6
- Newly identified climatically and environmentally significant high-latitude dust sources O. Meinander et al. 10.5194/acp-22-11889-2022
- Probing Iceland's dust-emitting sediments: particle size distribution, mineralogy, cohesion, Fe mode of occurrence, and reflectance spectra signatures A. González-Romero et al. 10.5194/acp-24-6883-2024
- High‐latitude dust in the Earth system J. Bullard et al. 10.1002/2016RG000518
- Temporal and spatial variability of Icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport C. Groot Zwaaftink et al. 10.5194/acp-17-10865-2017
- Aerosol Concentrations in Relationship to Local Atmospheric Conditions on James Ross Island, Antarctica J. Kavan et al. 10.3389/feart.2018.00207
- Quantifying the mass loading of particles in an ash cloud remobilized from tephra deposits on Iceland F. Beckett et al. 10.5194/acp-17-4401-2017
- Diurnal and seasonal source‐proximal dust concentrations in complex terrain, West Greenland J. Bullard et al. 10.1002/esp.5661
- Multi-sectoral impact assessment of an extreme African dust episode in the Eastern Mediterranean in March 2018 A. Monteiro et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156861
- Light-absorbing capacity of volcanic dust from Iceland and Chile T. Koivusalo et al. 10.3389/feart.2024.1348082
- Vertical distribution of aerosols in dust storms during the Arctic winter P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova et al. 10.1038/s41598-019-51764-y
- Insights from Roots to Stems: Comparative Wood Anatomy and Dendroclimatic Investigation of Two Salix Species in Iceland M. Phulara et al. 10.3390/f15101707
- High‐latitude dust deposition in snow on the glaciers of James Ross Island, Antarctica J. Kavan et al. 10.1002/esp.4831
- Annual and seasonal variability in high latitude dust deposition, West Greenland M. van Soest et al. 10.1002/esp.5384
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- Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes M. Boy et al. 10.5194/acp-19-2015-2019
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- Mineralogical and Chemical Records of Icelandic Dust Sources Upon Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands) B. Moroni et al. 10.3389/feart.2018.00187
- Substantial contribution of northern high‐latitude sources to mineral dust in the Arctic C. Groot Zwaaftink et al. 10.1002/2016JD025482
- Forecasting resuspended ash clouds in Iceland at the London VAAC K. Hammond & F. Beckett 10.1002/wea.3398
- Ecosystem recharge by volcanic dust drives broad‐scale variation in bird abundance T. Gunnarsson et al. 10.1002/ece3.1523
- Insulation effects of Icelandic dust and volcanic ash on snow and ice M. Dragosics et al. 10.1007/s12517-015-2224-6
- Dust in the Arctic: a brief review of feedbacks and interactions between climate change, aeolian dust and ecosystems O. Meinander et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1536395
- The geochemical evolution of basalt Enhanced Rock Weathering systems quantified from a natural analogue T. Linke et al. 10.1016/j.gca.2024.02.005
- Saharan dust and giant quartz particle transport towards Iceland G. Varga et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-91481-z
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- The Spatial Variation of Dust Particulate Matter Concentrations during Two Icelandic Dust Storms in 2015 P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova et al. 10.3390/atmos7060077
- Laboratory Investigation of Particle‐Scale Factors Affecting the Settling Velocity of Volcaniclastic Dust T. Richards‐Thomas & C. McKenna‐Neuman 10.1029/2020JD032660
- Distinct chemical and mineralogical composition of Icelandic dust compared to northern African and Asian dust C. Baldo et al. 10.5194/acp-20-13521-2020
- Pathways of high-latitude dust in the North Atlantic M. Baddock et al. 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.034
- The weathering of volcanic tephra and how they impact histosol development. An example from South East Iceland T. Bonatotzky et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2018.09.022
- Can Volcanic Dust Suspended From Surface Soil and Deserts of Iceland Be Transferred to Central Balkan Similarly to African Dust (Sahara)? D. Đorđević et al. 10.3389/feart.2019.00142
- Ecosystem recharge by volcanic dust drives broad‐scale variation in bird abundance T. Gunnarsson et al. 10.1002/ece3.1523
- Major impact of volcanic gases on the chemical composition of precipitation in Iceland during the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption A. Stefánsson et al. 10.1002/2015JD024093
- Long-term variability of dust events in Iceland (1949–2011) P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova et al. 10.5194/acp-14-13411-2014
- Pollution from the 2014–15 Bárðarbunga eruption monitored by snow cores from the Vatnajökull glacier, Iceland I. Galeczka et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.10.006
42 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Icelandic volcanic dust can have a significant influence on the cryosphere in Greenland and elsewhere O. Meinander et al. 10.3402/polar.v35.31313
- Particle‐scale characterization of volcaniclastic dust sources within Iceland T. Richards‐Thomas et al. 10.1111/sed.12821
- Mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of stones of arhat statuettes unearthed in Naju, Korea: geoarchaeological implications B. Chang et al. 10.1007/s12520-022-01687-z
- Potential of invasive alien top predator as a biomonitor of nickel deposition – the case of American mink in Iceland J. Skorupski et al. 10.1080/24750263.2020.1853264
- The Effects of Habitat Type and Volcanic Eruptions on the Breeding Demography of Icelandic Whimbrels Numenius phaeopus B. Katrínardóttir et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0131395
- Anatomical changes in dwarf shrub roots provide insight into aeolian erosion rates in northeastern Iceland P. Owczarek et al. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116173
- High Latitude Dust Transport Altitude Pattern Revealed from Deposition on Snow, Svalbard J. Kavan et al. 10.3390/atmos11121318
- Wind Tunnel‐Based Comparison of PM10 Emission Rates for Volcanic Ash and Glaciogenic Aerosol Sources Within Iceland T. Richards‐Thomas & C. McKenna‐Neuman 10.1029/2020JD033392
- Weathering of tephra and the formation of pedogenic minerals in young Andosols, South East Iceland T. Bonatotzky et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2020.105030
- Glacial meltwater from Greenland is not likely to be an important source of Fe to the North Atlantic M. Hopwood et al. 10.1007/s10533-015-0091-6
- Newly identified climatically and environmentally significant high-latitude dust sources O. Meinander et al. 10.5194/acp-22-11889-2022
- Probing Iceland's dust-emitting sediments: particle size distribution, mineralogy, cohesion, Fe mode of occurrence, and reflectance spectra signatures A. González-Romero et al. 10.5194/acp-24-6883-2024
- High‐latitude dust in the Earth system J. Bullard et al. 10.1002/2016RG000518
- Temporal and spatial variability of Icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport C. Groot Zwaaftink et al. 10.5194/acp-17-10865-2017
- Aerosol Concentrations in Relationship to Local Atmospheric Conditions on James Ross Island, Antarctica J. Kavan et al. 10.3389/feart.2018.00207
- Quantifying the mass loading of particles in an ash cloud remobilized from tephra deposits on Iceland F. Beckett et al. 10.5194/acp-17-4401-2017
- Diurnal and seasonal source‐proximal dust concentrations in complex terrain, West Greenland J. Bullard et al. 10.1002/esp.5661
- Multi-sectoral impact assessment of an extreme African dust episode in the Eastern Mediterranean in March 2018 A. Monteiro et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156861
- Light-absorbing capacity of volcanic dust from Iceland and Chile T. Koivusalo et al. 10.3389/feart.2024.1348082
- Vertical distribution of aerosols in dust storms during the Arctic winter P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova et al. 10.1038/s41598-019-51764-y
- Insights from Roots to Stems: Comparative Wood Anatomy and Dendroclimatic Investigation of Two Salix Species in Iceland M. Phulara et al. 10.3390/f15101707
- High‐latitude dust deposition in snow on the glaciers of James Ross Island, Antarctica J. Kavan et al. 10.1002/esp.4831
- Annual and seasonal variability in high latitude dust deposition, West Greenland M. van Soest et al. 10.1002/esp.5384
- Impact of dust deposition on the albedo of Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland M. Wittmann et al. 10.5194/tc-11-741-2017
- Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes M. Boy et al. 10.5194/acp-19-2015-2019
- Reactive uptake of NO2 on volcanic particles: A possible source of HONO in the atmosphere M. Romanias et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.042
- The Icelandic volcanic aeolian environment: Processes and impacts — A review O. Arnalds et al. 10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.01.004
- Mineralogical and Chemical Records of Icelandic Dust Sources Upon Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands) B. Moroni et al. 10.3389/feart.2018.00187
- Substantial contribution of northern high‐latitude sources to mineral dust in the Arctic C. Groot Zwaaftink et al. 10.1002/2016JD025482
- Forecasting resuspended ash clouds in Iceland at the London VAAC K. Hammond & F. Beckett 10.1002/wea.3398
- Ecosystem recharge by volcanic dust drives broad‐scale variation in bird abundance T. Gunnarsson et al. 10.1002/ece3.1523
- Insulation effects of Icelandic dust and volcanic ash on snow and ice M. Dragosics et al. 10.1007/s12517-015-2224-6
- Dust in the Arctic: a brief review of feedbacks and interactions between climate change, aeolian dust and ecosystems O. Meinander et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1536395
- The geochemical evolution of basalt Enhanced Rock Weathering systems quantified from a natural analogue T. Linke et al. 10.1016/j.gca.2024.02.005
- Saharan dust and giant quartz particle transport towards Iceland G. Varga et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-91481-z
- Synchronous Changes in Sediment Transport and Provenance at the Iceland‐Faroe Ridge Linked to Millennial Climate Variability From 55 to 6 ka BP M. Mirzaloo et al. 10.1029/2019GC008298
- Complex refractive index and single scattering albedo of Icelandic dust in the shortwave part of the spectrum C. Baldo et al. 10.5194/acp-23-7975-2023
- Fully Dynamic High–Resolution Model for Dispersion of Icelandic Airborne Mineral Dust B. Cvetkovic et al. 10.3390/atmos13091345
- The Spatial Variation of Dust Particulate Matter Concentrations during Two Icelandic Dust Storms in 2015 P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova et al. 10.3390/atmos7060077
- Laboratory Investigation of Particle‐Scale Factors Affecting the Settling Velocity of Volcaniclastic Dust T. Richards‐Thomas & C. McKenna‐Neuman 10.1029/2020JD032660
- Distinct chemical and mineralogical composition of Icelandic dust compared to northern African and Asian dust C. Baldo et al. 10.5194/acp-20-13521-2020
- Pathways of high-latitude dust in the North Atlantic M. Baddock et al. 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.034
6 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The weathering of volcanic tephra and how they impact histosol development. An example from South East Iceland T. Bonatotzky et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2018.09.022
- Can Volcanic Dust Suspended From Surface Soil and Deserts of Iceland Be Transferred to Central Balkan Similarly to African Dust (Sahara)? D. Đorđević et al. 10.3389/feart.2019.00142
- Ecosystem recharge by volcanic dust drives broad‐scale variation in bird abundance T. Gunnarsson et al. 10.1002/ece3.1523
- Major impact of volcanic gases on the chemical composition of precipitation in Iceland during the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption A. Stefánsson et al. 10.1002/2015JD024093
- Long-term variability of dust events in Iceland (1949–2011) P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova et al. 10.5194/acp-14-13411-2014
- Pollution from the 2014–15 Bárðarbunga eruption monitored by snow cores from the Vatnajökull glacier, Iceland I. Galeczka et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.10.006
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 24 Apr 2025
Short summary
Iceland is one of the largest dust sources on Earth. Based on two separate methods, we estimate dust emissions to range between 30 and 40 million tons annually. Ocean deposition ranges between 5.5 and 13.8 million tons. Calculated iron deposition in oceans around Iceland ranges between 0.56 to 1.4 million tons, which are distributed over wide areas. Iron is a limiting nutrient for primary production in these waters, and dust is likely to affect oceanic Fe levels around Iceland.
Iceland is one of the largest dust sources on Earth. Based on two separate methods, we estimate...
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