Evidence for biological shaping of hair ice

Hofmann, D.; Preuss, G.; Mätzler, C.

doi:10.5194/bg-12-4261-2015

Articles | Volume 12, issue 14

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4261-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4261-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 12, issue 14

Research article

| Highlight paper

|

22 Jul 2015

Research article | Highlight paper |

| 22 Jul 2015

Evidence for biological shaping of hair ice

D. Hofmann, G. Preuss, and C. Mätzler

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Views and downloads (calculated since 02 Apr 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2015	107	41	17	165
May 2015	10	9	1	20
Jun 2015	13	5	3	21
Jul 2015	7,065	691	69	7,825
Aug 2015	535	135	12	682
Sep 2015	218	72	5	295
Oct 2015	232	99	14	345
Nov 2015	345	251	11	607
Dec 2015	570	171	6	747
Jan 2016	300	253	10	563
Feb 2016	105	169	6	280
Mar 2016	62	80	2	144
Apr 2016	73	73	3	149
May 2016	42	37	3	82
Jun 2016	53	20	8	81
Jul 2016	34	22	6	62
Aug 2016	31	21	1	53
Sep 2016	47	39	2	88
Oct 2016	51	30	7	88
Nov 2016	53	35	0	88
Dec 2016	92	53	0	145
Jan 2017	184	162	4	350
Feb 2017	101	57	9	167
Mar 2017	132	71	20	223
Apr 2017	123	78	17	218
May 2017	135	56	22	213
Jun 2017	110	27	15	152
Jul 2017	56	15	9	80
Aug 2017	32	25	3	60
Sep 2017	59	49	2	110
Oct 2017	49	40	0	89
Nov 2017	70	122	4	196
Dec 2017	115	422	1	538
Jan 2018	218	307	3	528
Feb 2018	97	89	6	192
Mar 2018	66	72	1	139
Apr 2018	45	65	3	113
May 2018	46	61	3	110
Jun 2018	66	5,669	3	5,738
Jul 2018	45	128	1	174
Aug 2018	51	89	1	141
Sep 2018	55	97	0	152
Oct 2018	71	97	0	168
Nov 2018	87	141	3	231
Dec 2018	154	102	5	261
Jan 2019	84	188	3	275
Feb 2019	42	31	0	73
Mar 2019	43	28	0	71
Apr 2019	42	27	1	70
May 2019	53	37	1	91
Jun 2019	43	32	0	75
Jul 2019	39	25	2	66
Aug 2019	39	33	0	72
Sep 2019	35	21	0	56
Oct 2019	72	37	1	110
Nov 2019	73	65	1	139
Dec 2019	205	153	3	361
Jan 2020	154	143	5	302
Feb 2020	84	65	3	152
Mar 2020	65	30	1	96
Apr 2020	82	47	0	129
May 2020	94	27	1	122
Jun 2020	67	26	1	94
Jul 2020	86	27	9	122
Aug 2020	76	20	9	105
Sep 2020	95	14	1	110
Oct 2020	84	26	8	118
Nov 2020	97	65	2	164
Dec 2020	340	160	9	509
Jan 2021	882	526	9	1,417
Feb 2021	177	168	6	351
Mar 2021	128	61	7	196
Apr 2021	101	50	9	160
May 2021	101	46	4	151
Jun 2021	99	39	4	142
Jul 2021	96	47	2	145
Aug 2021	75	36	1	112
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Oct 2021	57	68	2	127
Nov 2021	115	140	5	260
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Jan 2022	261	305	3	569
Feb 2022	91	138	5	234
Mar 2022	80	54	1	135
Apr 2022	86	47	5	138
May 2022	60	32	2	94
Jun 2022	52	36	2	90
Jul 2022	69	34	6	109
Aug 2022	64	21	2	87
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Oct 2022	58	19	5	82
Nov 2022	52	42	1	95
Dec 2022	195	109	4	308
Jan 2023	169	150	4	323
Feb 2023	101	143	6	250
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Apr 2023	65	43	3	111
May 2023	44	39	0	83
Jun 2023	60	21	1	82
Jul 2023	68	24	2	94
Aug 2023	68	33	4	105
Sep 2023	80	42	2	124
Oct 2023	81	50	1	132
Nov 2023	41	51	3	95
Dec 2023	95	138	1	234
Jan 2024	225	172	0	397
Feb 2024	114	91	0	205
Mar 2024	54	72	2	128
Apr 2024	56	58	4	118
May 2024	39	45	4	88
Jun 2024	68	37	3	108
Jul 2024	42	34	3	79
Aug 2024	62	56	4	122
Sep 2024	25	44	0	69
Oct 2024	70	54	2	126
Nov 2024	62	138	2	202
Dec 2024	197	286	3	486
Jan 2025	240	642	4	886
Feb 2025	121	183	2	306
Mar 2025	80	68	2	150
Apr 2025	108	77	0	185
May 2025	67	85	1	153
Jun 2025	111	46	1	158
Jul 2025	61	61	2	124
Aug 2025	85	54	2	141
Sep 2025	66	54	2	122
Oct 2025	87	101	4	192
Nov 2025	132	172	12	316
Dec 2025	175	289	4	468
Jan 2026	162	291	10	463
Feb 2026	112	130	3	245
Mar 2026	64	101	4	169
Apr 2026	23	42	0	65

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 02 Apr 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2015	107	41	17	165
May 2015	10	9	1	20
Jun 2015	13	5	3	21
Jul 2015	7,065	691	69	7,825
Aug 2015	535	135	12	682
Sep 2015	218	72	5	295
Oct 2015	232	99	14	345
Nov 2015	345	251	11	607
Dec 2015	570	171	6	747
Jan 2016	300	253	10	563
Feb 2016	105	169	6	280
Mar 2016	62	80	2	144
Apr 2016	73	73	3	149
May 2016	42	37	3	82
Jun 2016	53	20	8	81
Jul 2016	34	22	6	62
Aug 2016	31	21	1	53
Sep 2016	47	39	2	88
Oct 2016	51	30	7	88
Nov 2016	53	35	0	88
Dec 2016	92	53	0	145
Jan 2017	184	162	4	350
Feb 2017	101	57	9	167
Mar 2017	132	71	20	223
Apr 2017	123	78	17	218
May 2017	135	56	22	213
Jun 2017	110	27	15	152
Jul 2017	56	15	9	80
Aug 2017	32	25	3	60
Sep 2017	59	49	2	110
Oct 2017	49	40	0	89
Nov 2017	70	122	4	196
Dec 2017	115	422	1	538
Jan 2018	218	307	3	528
Feb 2018	97	89	6	192
Mar 2018	66	72	1	139
Apr 2018	45	65	3	113
May 2018	46	61	3	110
Jun 2018	66	5,669	3	5,738
Jul 2018	45	128	1	174
Aug 2018	51	89	1	141
Sep 2018	55	97	0	152
Oct 2018	71	97	0	168
Nov 2018	87	141	3	231
Dec 2018	154	102	5	261
Jan 2019	84	188	3	275
Feb 2019	42	31	0	73
Mar 2019	43	28	0	71
Apr 2019	42	27	1	70
May 2019	53	37	1	91
Jun 2019	43	32	0	75
Jul 2019	39	25	2	66
Aug 2019	39	33	0	72
Sep 2019	35	21	0	56
Oct 2019	72	37	1	110
Nov 2019	73	65	1	139
Dec 2019	205	153	3	361
Jan 2020	154	143	5	302
Feb 2020	84	65	3	152
Mar 2020	65	30	1	96
Apr 2020	82	47	0	129
May 2020	94	27	1	122
Jun 2020	67	26	1	94
Jul 2020	86	27	9	122
Aug 2020	76	20	9	105
Sep 2020	95	14	1	110
Oct 2020	84	26	8	118
Nov 2020	97	65	2	164
Dec 2020	340	160	9	509
Jan 2021	882	526	9	1,417
Feb 2021	177	168	6	351
Mar 2021	128	61	7	196
Apr 2021	101	50	9	160
May 2021	101	46	4	151
Jun 2021	99	39	4	142
Jul 2021	96	47	2	145
Aug 2021	75	36	1	112
Sep 2021	65	44	1	110
Oct 2021	57	68	2	127
Nov 2021	115	140	5	260
Dec 2021	194	217	4	415
Jan 2022	261	305	3	569
Feb 2022	91	138	5	234
Mar 2022	80	54	1	135
Apr 2022	86	47	5	138
May 2022	60	32	2	94
Jun 2022	52	36	2	90
Jul 2022	69	34	6	109
Aug 2022	64	21	2	87
Sep 2022	50	48	17	115
Oct 2022	58	19	5	82
Nov 2022	52	42	1	95
Dec 2022	195	109	4	308
Jan 2023	169	150	4	323
Feb 2023	101	143	6	250
Mar 2023	76	71	4	151
Apr 2023	65	43	3	111
May 2023	44	39	0	83
Jun 2023	60	21	1	82
Jul 2023	68	24	2	94
Aug 2023	68	33	4	105
Sep 2023	80	42	2	124
Oct 2023	81	50	1	132
Nov 2023	41	51	3	95
Dec 2023	95	138	1	234
Jan 2024	225	172	0	397
Feb 2024	114	91	0	205
Mar 2024	54	72	2	128
Apr 2024	56	58	4	118
May 2024	39	45	4	88
Jun 2024	68	37	3	108
Jul 2024	42	34	3	79
Aug 2024	62	56	4	122
Sep 2024	25	44	0	69
Oct 2024	70	54	2	126
Nov 2024	62	138	2	202
Dec 2024	197	286	3	486
Jan 2025	240	642	4	886
Feb 2025	121	183	2	306
Mar 2025	80	68	2	150
Apr 2025	108	77	0	185
May 2025	67	85	1	153
Jun 2025	111	46	1	158
Jul 2025	61	61	2	124
Aug 2025	85	54	2	141
Sep 2025	66	54	2	122
Oct 2025	87	101	4	192
Nov 2025	132	172	12	316
Dec 2025	175	289	4	468
Jan 2026	162	291	10	463
Feb 2026	112	130	3	245
Mar 2026	64	101	4	169
Apr 2026	23	42	0	65

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Short summary

We investigated an unusual ice type, called hair ice. It grows on the surface of dead wood of broad-leaf trees at temperatures slightly below 0°C. We describe this phenomenon and present our biological, physical, and chemical investigations to gain insight in the properties and processes related to hair ice: we found, that a winter-acive fungus in the wood is required. Ice segregation is the common mechanism. Chemical analyses show a complex mixture of several thousand lignin/tannin compounds.