Articles | Volume 13, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-211-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-211-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Jan 2016
Research article |
| 15 Jan 2016
Millennial changes in North Atlantic oxygen concentrations
B. A. A. Hoogakker
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN,
UK
D. J. R. Thornalley
Department of Geography, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT,
UK
S. Barker
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10
3AT, UK
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ocean Oxygen, Preformed Nutrients, and the Cause of the Lower Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Atmosphere of the Last Glacial Maximum D. Sigman & M. Hain https://doi.org/10.1029/2023PA004775
- Revisiting the relationship between the pore water carbon isotope gradient and bottom water oxygen concentrations H. Bradbury et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.12.011
- Simulated ocean oxygenation during the interglacials MIS 5e and MIS 9e B. Duboc et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1093-2025
- Deep-sea benthic response to rapid climatic oscillations of the last glacial cycle in the SE Bay of Biscay J. Rodriguez-Lazaro et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2017.06.002
- Reviews and syntheses: Review of proxies for low-oxygen paleoceanographic reconstructions B. Hoogakker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025
- Changes in northeast Atlantic hydrology during Termination 1: Insights from Celtic margin's benthic foraminifera M. Mojtahid et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.09.003
- I/Ca in epifaunal benthic foraminifera: A semi-quantitative proxy for bottom water oxygen in a multi-proxy compilation for glacial ocean deoxygenation W. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.116055
- Effect of Environmental Physico-Chemical Parameters on the Biochemical Composition of Wild Icelandic Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima (Laminariaceae, Phaeophyceae) D. Coaten et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.102839
- Reorganization of the Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone in Response to Monsoon Fluctuations During Dansgaard–Oeschger Events 12–11 P. Rodrigues et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans7010019
- Regional and global changes during Heinrich Event 1 affecting macrobenthic habitat: Ichnological evidence of sea-bottom conditions at the Galicia Interior Basin F. Rodríguez-Tovar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103227
- Rapid shift and millennial-scale variations in Holocene North Pacific Intermediate Water ventilation L. Lembke-Jene et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714754115
- Assessment of C, N, and Si Isotopes as Tracers of Past Ocean Nutrient and Carbon Cycling J. Farmer et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006775
- Planktonic foraminifera organic carbon isotopes as archives of upper ocean carbon cycling B. Hoogakker et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32480-0
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ocean Oxygen, Preformed Nutrients, and the Cause of the Lower Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Atmosphere of the Last Glacial Maximum D. Sigman & M. Hain https://doi.org/10.1029/2023PA004775
- Revisiting the relationship between the pore water carbon isotope gradient and bottom water oxygen concentrations H. Bradbury et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.12.011
- Simulated ocean oxygenation during the interglacials MIS 5e and MIS 9e B. Duboc et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1093-2025
- Deep-sea benthic response to rapid climatic oscillations of the last glacial cycle in the SE Bay of Biscay J. Rodriguez-Lazaro et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2017.06.002
- Reviews and syntheses: Review of proxies for low-oxygen paleoceanographic reconstructions B. Hoogakker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025
- Changes in northeast Atlantic hydrology during Termination 1: Insights from Celtic margin's benthic foraminifera M. Mojtahid et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.09.003
- I/Ca in epifaunal benthic foraminifera: A semi-quantitative proxy for bottom water oxygen in a multi-proxy compilation for glacial ocean deoxygenation W. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.116055
- Effect of Environmental Physico-Chemical Parameters on the Biochemical Composition of Wild Icelandic Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima (Laminariaceae, Phaeophyceae) D. Coaten et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.102839
- Reorganization of the Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone in Response to Monsoon Fluctuations During Dansgaard–Oeschger Events 12–11 P. Rodrigues et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans7010019
- Regional and global changes during Heinrich Event 1 affecting macrobenthic habitat: Ichnological evidence of sea-bottom conditions at the Galicia Interior Basin F. Rodríguez-Tovar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103227
- Rapid shift and millennial-scale variations in Holocene North Pacific Intermediate Water ventilation L. Lembke-Jene et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714754115
- Assessment of C, N, and Si Isotopes as Tracers of Past Ocean Nutrient and Carbon Cycling J. Farmer et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006775
- Planktonic foraminifera organic carbon isotopes as archives of upper ocean carbon cycling B. Hoogakker et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32480-0
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
Models predict a decrease in future ocean O2, driven by surface water warming and freshening in the polar regions, causing a reduction in ocean circulation. Here we assess this effect in the past, focussing on the response of deep and intermediate waters from the North Atlantic during large-scale ice rafting and millennial-scale cooling events of the last glacial.
Our assessment agrees with the models but also highlights the importance of biological processes driving ocean O2 change.
Models predict a decrease in future ocean O2, driven by surface water warming and freshening in...
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