Articles | Volume 15, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2161-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2161-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Apr 2018
Research article |
| 13 Apr 2018
Constraints on global oceanic emissions of N2O from observations and models
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Parvadha Suntharalingam
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Corinne Le Quéré
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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45 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and impacts on oceanic N2O fluxes in the northern Indian Ocean: The need for an integrated observation and modelling approach P. Suntharalingam et al. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.03.007
- Marine Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Three Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems Inferred From Atmospheric Observations A. Ganesan et al. 10.1029/2020GL087822
- Nitrous oxide production via enzymatic nitroxyl from the nitrifying archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus R. Voland et al. 10.1073/pnas.2416971122
- The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0 – Part 2: The global carbon cycle M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-3501-2023
- Regulation of nitrous oxide production in low-oxygen waters off the coast of Peru C. Frey et al. 10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020
- Epipelagic nitrous oxide production offsets carbon sequestration by the biological pump X. Wan et al. 10.1038/s41561-022-01090-2
- Ideas and perspectives: A strategic assessment of methane and nitrous oxide measurements in the marine environment S. Wilson et al. 10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020
- Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle S. Yang et al. 10.1073/pnas.1921914117
- N2O Emissions from Aquatic Ecosystems: A Review H. Pan et al. 10.3390/atmos14081291
- Seasonal ventilation controls nitrous oxide emission in the NW Iberian upwelling M. de la Paz et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103261
- The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2017 A. Petrescu et al. 10.5194/essd-13-2307-2021
- A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes L. Resplandy et al. 10.1029/2023GB007803
- Formulation, optimization, and sensitivity of NitrOMZv1.0, a biogeochemical model of the nitrogen cycle in oceanic oxygen minimum zones D. Bianchi et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-3581-2023
- Global nitrous oxide budget (1980–2020) H. Tian et al. 10.5194/essd-16-2543-2024
- Marine emissions and trade winds control the atmospheric nitrous oxide in the Galapagos Islands T. Cinay et al. 10.5194/acp-25-4703-2025
- A Harmonized Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Ocean Observation Network for the 21st Century H. Bange et al. 10.3389/fmars.2019.00157
- A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks H. Tian et al. 10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0
- Nitrous Oxide Dynamics in the Southern Benguela Upwelling System T. Mashifane et al. 10.1029/2022JC019129
- Regional distribution and environmental regulation mechanism of nitrous oxide in the Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea: A preliminary study T. Gu et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151718
- Particle-associated denitrification is the primary source of N2O in oxic coastal waters X. Wan et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-43997-3
- Ultraviolet Radiation Drives Emission of Climate‐Relevant Gases From Marine Phytoplankton A. McLeod et al. 10.1029/2021JG006345
- A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019 J. Minx et al. 10.5194/essd-13-5213-2021
- Pathways of N2O production by marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea determined from dual-isotope labeling X. Wan et al. 10.1073/pnas.2220697120
- Global mapping of flux and microbial sources for oceanic N2O S. Wang et al. 10.1038/s41467-025-58715-4
- Nitrification and nitrous oxide dynamics in the Southern California Bight S. Laperriere et al. 10.1002/lno.11667
- On the natural spatio-temporal heterogeneity of South Pacific nitrous oxide A. Babbin et al. 10.1038/s41467-020-17509-6
- Evaluating Oceanic Uptake of Atmospheric CCl4: A Combined Analysis of Model Simulations and Observations P. Suntharalingam et al. 10.1029/2018GL080612
- N2O Emissions From the Northern Benguela Upwelling System D. Arévalo‐Martínez et al. 10.1029/2018GL081648
- Projecting atmospheric N2O rise until the end of the 21st century: an Earth System Model study M. De Sisto et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad8c6c
- Distribution of Nitrification and Its Regulating Factors in Coastal Bays with Distinct Trophic Gradients Y. Wu et al. 10.3390/w17060900
- Dissolved Nitrous Oxide and Hydroxylamine in the South Yellow Sea and the East China Sea During Early Spring: Distribution, Production, and Emissions X. Gu et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.725713
- Tracking Improvement in Simulated Marine Biogeochemistry Between CMIP5 and CMIP6 R. Séférian et al. 10.1007/s40641-020-00160-0
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- Significant Seasonal N2O Dynamics Revealed by Multi‐Year Observations in the Northern South China Sea X. Wan et al. 10.1029/2022GB007333
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- Temporal and Vertical Oxygen Gradients Modulate Nitrous Oxide Production in a Seasonally Anoxic Fjord: Saanich Inlet, British Columbia Q. Ji et al. 10.1029/2020JG005631
- Understanding the impacts of coastal deoxygenation in nitrogen dynamics: an observational analysis L. Farias & L. de la Maza 10.1038/s41598-024-62186-w
- Nitrous oxide in the central Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon M. Khan et al. 10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102314
- 3‐D Atmospheric Modeling of the Global Budget of N2O and Its Isotopologues for 1980–2019: The Impact of Anthropogenic Emissions Q. Liang et al. 10.1029/2021GB007202
- Global Nitrous Oxide Production Determined by Oxygen Sensitivity of Nitrification and Denitrification Q. Ji et al. 10.1029/2018GB005887
- Forward and Inverse Modelling of Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide Using MIROC4-Atmospheric Chemistry-Transport Model P. PATRA et al. 10.2151/jmsj.2022-018
- Observations of Variable Ammonia Oxidation and Nitrous Oxide Flux in a Eutrophic Estuary S. Laperriere et al. 10.1007/s12237-018-0441-4
- Top-down constraints on global N2O emissions at optimal resolution: application of a new dimension reduction technique K. Wells et al. 10.5194/acp-18-735-2018
- Tracking Improvement in Simulated Marine Biogeochemistry Between CMIP5 and CMIP6 R. Séférian et al. 10.1007/s40641-020-00160-0
42 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and impacts on oceanic N2O fluxes in the northern Indian Ocean: The need for an integrated observation and modelling approach P. Suntharalingam et al. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.03.007
- Marine Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Three Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems Inferred From Atmospheric Observations A. Ganesan et al. 10.1029/2020GL087822
- Nitrous oxide production via enzymatic nitroxyl from the nitrifying archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus R. Voland et al. 10.1073/pnas.2416971122
- The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0 – Part 2: The global carbon cycle M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-3501-2023
- Regulation of nitrous oxide production in low-oxygen waters off the coast of Peru C. Frey et al. 10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020
- Epipelagic nitrous oxide production offsets carbon sequestration by the biological pump X. Wan et al. 10.1038/s41561-022-01090-2
- Ideas and perspectives: A strategic assessment of methane and nitrous oxide measurements in the marine environment S. Wilson et al. 10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020
- Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle S. Yang et al. 10.1073/pnas.1921914117
- N2O Emissions from Aquatic Ecosystems: A Review H. Pan et al. 10.3390/atmos14081291
- Seasonal ventilation controls nitrous oxide emission in the NW Iberian upwelling M. de la Paz et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103261
- The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2017 A. Petrescu et al. 10.5194/essd-13-2307-2021
- A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes L. Resplandy et al. 10.1029/2023GB007803
- Formulation, optimization, and sensitivity of NitrOMZv1.0, a biogeochemical model of the nitrogen cycle in oceanic oxygen minimum zones D. Bianchi et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-3581-2023
- Global nitrous oxide budget (1980–2020) H. Tian et al. 10.5194/essd-16-2543-2024
- Marine emissions and trade winds control the atmospheric nitrous oxide in the Galapagos Islands T. Cinay et al. 10.5194/acp-25-4703-2025
- A Harmonized Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Ocean Observation Network for the 21st Century H. Bange et al. 10.3389/fmars.2019.00157
- A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks H. Tian et al. 10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0
- Nitrous Oxide Dynamics in the Southern Benguela Upwelling System T. Mashifane et al. 10.1029/2022JC019129
- Regional distribution and environmental regulation mechanism of nitrous oxide in the Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea: A preliminary study T. Gu et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151718
- Particle-associated denitrification is the primary source of N2O in oxic coastal waters X. Wan et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-43997-3
- Ultraviolet Radiation Drives Emission of Climate‐Relevant Gases From Marine Phytoplankton A. McLeod et al. 10.1029/2021JG006345
- A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019 J. Minx et al. 10.5194/essd-13-5213-2021
- Pathways of N2O production by marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea determined from dual-isotope labeling X. Wan et al. 10.1073/pnas.2220697120
- Global mapping of flux and microbial sources for oceanic N2O S. Wang et al. 10.1038/s41467-025-58715-4
- Nitrification and nitrous oxide dynamics in the Southern California Bight S. Laperriere et al. 10.1002/lno.11667
- On the natural spatio-temporal heterogeneity of South Pacific nitrous oxide A. Babbin et al. 10.1038/s41467-020-17509-6
- Evaluating Oceanic Uptake of Atmospheric CCl4: A Combined Analysis of Model Simulations and Observations P. Suntharalingam et al. 10.1029/2018GL080612
- N2O Emissions From the Northern Benguela Upwelling System D. Arévalo‐Martínez et al. 10.1029/2018GL081648
- Projecting atmospheric N2O rise until the end of the 21st century: an Earth System Model study M. De Sisto et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad8c6c
- Distribution of Nitrification and Its Regulating Factors in Coastal Bays with Distinct Trophic Gradients Y. Wu et al. 10.3390/w17060900
- Dissolved Nitrous Oxide and Hydroxylamine in the South Yellow Sea and the East China Sea During Early Spring: Distribution, Production, and Emissions X. Gu et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.725713
- Tracking Improvement in Simulated Marine Biogeochemistry Between CMIP5 and CMIP6 R. Séférian et al. 10.1007/s40641-020-00160-0
- Constraining the trend in the ocean CO2 sink during 2000–2022 N. Mayot et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-52641-7
- Significant Seasonal N2O Dynamics Revealed by Multi‐Year Observations in the Northern South China Sea X. Wan et al. 10.1029/2022GB007333
- Seasonal and spatial variations of N2O distribution and emission in the East China Sea and South Yellow Sea X. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145715
- The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2019 A. Petrescu et al. 10.5194/essd-15-1197-2023
- Temporal and Vertical Oxygen Gradients Modulate Nitrous Oxide Production in a Seasonally Anoxic Fjord: Saanich Inlet, British Columbia Q. Ji et al. 10.1029/2020JG005631
- Understanding the impacts of coastal deoxygenation in nitrogen dynamics: an observational analysis L. Farias & L. de la Maza 10.1038/s41598-024-62186-w
- Nitrous oxide in the central Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon M. Khan et al. 10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102314
- 3‐D Atmospheric Modeling of the Global Budget of N2O and Its Isotopologues for 1980–2019: The Impact of Anthropogenic Emissions Q. Liang et al. 10.1029/2021GB007202
- Global Nitrous Oxide Production Determined by Oxygen Sensitivity of Nitrification and Denitrification Q. Ji et al. 10.1029/2018GB005887
- Forward and Inverse Modelling of Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide Using MIROC4-Atmospheric Chemistry-Transport Model P. PATRA et al. 10.2151/jmsj.2022-018
3 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Observations of Variable Ammonia Oxidation and Nitrous Oxide Flux in a Eutrophic Estuary S. Laperriere et al. 10.1007/s12237-018-0441-4
- Top-down constraints on global N2O emissions at optimal resolution: application of a new dimension reduction technique K. Wells et al. 10.5194/acp-18-735-2018
- Tracking Improvement in Simulated Marine Biogeochemistry Between CMIP5 and CMIP6 R. Séférian et al. 10.1007/s40641-020-00160-0
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 May 2025
Short summary
Thanks to decreases in CFC concentrations, N2O is now the third-most important greenhouse gas, and the dominant contributor to stratospheric ozone depletion. Here we estimate the ocean–atmosphere N2O flux. We find that an estimate based on observations alone has a large uncertainty. By combining observations and a range of model simulations we find that the uncertainty is much reduced to 2.45 ± 0.8 Tg N yr−1, and better constrained and at the lower end of the estimate in the latest IPCC report.
Thanks to decreases in CFC concentrations, N2O is now the third-most important greenhouse gas,...
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