Articles | Volume 15, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3085-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3085-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 May 2018
Research article |
| 18 May 2018
| 18 May 2018
Use of argon to measure gas exchange in turbulent mountain streams
Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
Current address: Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA
Hilary L. Madinger
Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Cited
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Local processes with a global impact: unraveling the dynamics of gas evasion in a step-and-pool configuration P. Peruzzo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3261-2023
- Precipitation fuels dissolved greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) dynamics in a peatland-dominated headwater stream: results from a continuous monitoring setup D. Piatka et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1321137
- Efficient injection of gas tracers into rivers: A tool to study Surface water–Groundwater interactions T. Blanc et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.121375
- Distinct air–water gas exchange regimes in low- and high-energy streams A. Ulseth et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0324-8
- Unraveling the Contribution of Turbulence and Bubbles to Air‐Water Gas Exchange in Running Waters M. Klaus et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006520
- Aquatic ecosystem metabolism as a tool in environmental management K. Jankowski et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1521
- Spatiotemporal variability of gas transfer velocity in a tropical high‐elevation stream using two independent methods K. Whitmore et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3647
- Coupled primary production and respiration in a large river contrasts with smaller rivers and streams S. Roley et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12435
- Hydrological pulses and burning of dissolved organic carbon by stream respiration B. Demars https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11048
- Carbon Dioxide and Methane Dynamics in a Peatland Headwater Stream: Origins, Processes and Implications P. Taillardat et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JG006855
- Pulse of dissolved organic matter alters reciprocal carbon subsidies between autotrophs and bacteria in stream food webs B. Demars et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1399
- Lotic‐SIPCO2: Adaptation of an open‐source CO2 sensor system and examination of associated emission uncertainties across a range of stream sizes and land uses A. Robison et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10600
- Patterns and Drivers of Dissolved Gas Concentrations and Fluxes Along a Low Gradient Stream A. Carter et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JG007048
- Carbon dioxide hydrodynamics along a wetland-lake-stream-waterfall continuum (Blue Mountains, Australia) A. Looman et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146124
- Recognizing both denitrification and nitrogen consumption improves performance of stream diel N2 flux models R. DuBose et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10361
- Gas exchange in streams and rivers R. Hall & A. Ulseth https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1391
- Listening to air–water gas exchange in running waters M. Klaus et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10321
- The Environmental Responsibility Framework: A Toolbox for Recognizing and Promoting Ecologically Conscious Research D. Murray et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002964
- A Novel Approach To Quantify Air–Water Gas Exchange in Shallow Surface Waters Using High-Resolution Time Series of Dissolved Atmospheric Gases U. Weber et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05318
- Emerging patterns of CO2 : O2 dynamics in rivers and their link to ecosystem carbon processing G. Rocher‐Ros et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70057
- Estimation of ecosystem respiration and photosynthesis in supersaturated stream water downstream of a hydropower plant B. Demars & P. Dörsch https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120842
- Physical and chemical control on CO2 gas transfer velocities from a low-gradient subtropical stream T. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117564
- Greenhouse gas dynamics in tropical montane streams of Puerto Rico and the role of watershed lithology A. Herreid et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00995-9
- Mapping gas exchanges in headwater streams with membrane inlet mass spectrometry C. Vautier et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124398
- Vegetation and Residence Time Interact to Influence Metabolism and Net Nutrient Uptake in Experimental Agricultural Drainage Systems R. DuBose & J. Taylor https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101416
- Acoustic reconstruction of bubble characteristics and gas-transfer implications in hydraulic jumps Y. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.126950
- The trade-off effects of water flow velocity on denitrification rates in open channel waterways X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131374
- Influence of increased carbon availability on nitrogen processing in Arctic headwater streams A. Herreid et al. https://doi.org/10.1086/742743
- A new method to quantify air–water gas exchanges in streams based on slug injection and semicontinuous measurement C. Vautier et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10376
- Steps dominate gas evasion from a mountain headwater stream G. Botter et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35552-3
- Radon-222 as a groundwater discharge tracer to surface waters D. Adyasari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104321
- Estimate of gas transfer velocity in the presence of emergent vegetation using argon as a tracer: Implications for whole-system denitrification measurements E. Soana et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.079
- To model or measure: Estimating gas exchange to measure metabolism in shallow, low-gradient stream habitats R. DuBose et al. https://doi.org/10.1086/707460
- Spatiotemporal variability and environmental controls on aquatic methane emissions in an Arctic permafrost catchment M. Thayne et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-477-2026
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Local processes with a global impact: unraveling the dynamics of gas evasion in a step-and-pool configuration P. Peruzzo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3261-2023
- Precipitation fuels dissolved greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) dynamics in a peatland-dominated headwater stream: results from a continuous monitoring setup D. Piatka et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1321137
- Efficient injection of gas tracers into rivers: A tool to study Surface water–Groundwater interactions T. Blanc et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.121375
- Distinct air–water gas exchange regimes in low- and high-energy streams A. Ulseth et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0324-8
- Unraveling the Contribution of Turbulence and Bubbles to Air‐Water Gas Exchange in Running Waters M. Klaus et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006520
- Aquatic ecosystem metabolism as a tool in environmental management K. Jankowski et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1521
- Spatiotemporal variability of gas transfer velocity in a tropical high‐elevation stream using two independent methods K. Whitmore et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3647
- Coupled primary production and respiration in a large river contrasts with smaller rivers and streams S. Roley et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12435
- Hydrological pulses and burning of dissolved organic carbon by stream respiration B. Demars https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11048
- Carbon Dioxide and Methane Dynamics in a Peatland Headwater Stream: Origins, Processes and Implications P. Taillardat et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JG006855
- Pulse of dissolved organic matter alters reciprocal carbon subsidies between autotrophs and bacteria in stream food webs B. Demars et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1399
- Lotic‐SIPCO2: Adaptation of an open‐source CO2 sensor system and examination of associated emission uncertainties across a range of stream sizes and land uses A. Robison et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10600
- Patterns and Drivers of Dissolved Gas Concentrations and Fluxes Along a Low Gradient Stream A. Carter et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JG007048
- Carbon dioxide hydrodynamics along a wetland-lake-stream-waterfall continuum (Blue Mountains, Australia) A. Looman et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146124
- Recognizing both denitrification and nitrogen consumption improves performance of stream diel N2 flux models R. DuBose et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10361
- Gas exchange in streams and rivers R. Hall & A. Ulseth https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1391
- Listening to air–water gas exchange in running waters M. Klaus et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10321
- The Environmental Responsibility Framework: A Toolbox for Recognizing and Promoting Ecologically Conscious Research D. Murray et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002964
- A Novel Approach To Quantify Air–Water Gas Exchange in Shallow Surface Waters Using High-Resolution Time Series of Dissolved Atmospheric Gases U. Weber et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05318
- Emerging patterns of CO2 : O2 dynamics in rivers and their link to ecosystem carbon processing G. Rocher‐Ros et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70057
- Estimation of ecosystem respiration and photosynthesis in supersaturated stream water downstream of a hydropower plant B. Demars & P. Dörsch https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120842
- Physical and chemical control on CO2 gas transfer velocities from a low-gradient subtropical stream T. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117564
- Greenhouse gas dynamics in tropical montane streams of Puerto Rico and the role of watershed lithology A. Herreid et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00995-9
- Mapping gas exchanges in headwater streams with membrane inlet mass spectrometry C. Vautier et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124398
- Vegetation and Residence Time Interact to Influence Metabolism and Net Nutrient Uptake in Experimental Agricultural Drainage Systems R. DuBose & J. Taylor https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101416
- Acoustic reconstruction of bubble characteristics and gas-transfer implications in hydraulic jumps Y. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.126950
- The trade-off effects of water flow velocity on denitrification rates in open channel waterways X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131374
- Influence of increased carbon availability on nitrogen processing in Arctic headwater streams A. Herreid et al. https://doi.org/10.1086/742743
- A new method to quantify air–water gas exchanges in streams based on slug injection and semicontinuous measurement C. Vautier et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10376
- Steps dominate gas evasion from a mountain headwater stream G. Botter et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35552-3
- Radon-222 as a groundwater discharge tracer to surface waters D. Adyasari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104321
- Estimate of gas transfer velocity in the presence of emergent vegetation using argon as a tracer: Implications for whole-system denitrification measurements E. Soana et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.079
- To model or measure: Estimating gas exchange to measure metabolism in shallow, low-gradient stream habitats R. DuBose et al. https://doi.org/10.1086/707460
- Spatiotemporal variability and environmental controls on aquatic methane emissions in an Arctic permafrost catchment M. Thayne et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-477-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 Aug 2026
Short summary
Streams exchange oxygen with the atmosphere, but this rate is difficult to measure. We added argon to small mountain streams to estimate gas exchange. We compared these rates with sulfur hexafluoride, an intense greenhouse gas. Argon worked well to measure gas exchange, but had higher-than-predicted rates than sulfur hexafluoride. Argon exchange is more likely to represent that for oxygen because they share similar physical properties. We suggest argon to measure gas exchange in small streams.
Streams exchange oxygen with the atmosphere, but this rate is difficult to measure. We added...
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