Articles | Volume 17, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6097-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6097-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Enrichment of trace metals from acid sulfate soils in sediments of the Kvarken Archipelago, eastern Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea
Joonas J. Virtasalo
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Marine Geology, Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), Espoo, 02150,
Finland
Peter Österholm
Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Åbo Akademi University,
Turku, 20500, Finland
Aarno T. Kotilainen
Marine Geology, Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), Espoo, 02150,
Finland
Mats E. Åström
Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University,
Kalmar, 39182, Sweden
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Manganese cycling and transport in boreal estuaries impacted by acidic Mn-rich drainage C. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.12.004
- Environmental effects of potentially toxic elements and the magnetic susceptibility distribution in the surface bottom sediments in the Vistula estuary (Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland) G. Kusza et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03595-8
- Chernobyl still with us: 137Caesium activity contents in seabed sediments from the Gulf of Bothnia, northern Baltic Sea A. Kotilainen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112924
- Trace Elements in Marsh Soils of the Pomor Coast of the White Sea I. Bagdasarov et al. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0032180X24080032
- Estuarine flocculation dynamics of organic carbon and metals from boreal acid sulfate soils J. Virtasalo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023
- Multi-element features of active acid sulfate soils across the Swedish coastal plains A. Nyman et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2023.105653
- Discharge of potentially toxic elements from acid sulfate soils in western Finland: Conflict between water protection and land use? J. Toivonen & A. Boman https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103426
- Acid sulfate soil mapping in western Finland: How to work with imbalanced datasets and machine learning V. Estévez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116916
- Trace Elements in Marsh Soils of the Pomor Coast of the White Sea I. Bagdasarov et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229324600817
- Selective preservation of glomalin-related soil protein contributes to centennial-scale organic carbon burial on the East China Sea shelf M. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2026.102714
- Transport and transformations of cadmium in water–biofilm–sediment phases as affected by hydrodynamic conditions S. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120368
- Statistical approach to identify variables predicting sulphide clay occurrence in southern Finland M. Saresma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03258-5
- Geochemical and microbial responses to limestone and peat treatment of incubated hypermonosulfidic sediments L. Kononova et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70024
- Temporal trends and spatial differences of trace elements in osprey eggs in Finland M. Viluksela et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-026-15460-5
- Sources of element release from acid sulfate soils to the environment: Elemental and mineralogical evidence from Northern Sweden F. Alvarellos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106571
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Manganese cycling and transport in boreal estuaries impacted by acidic Mn-rich drainage C. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.12.004
- Environmental effects of potentially toxic elements and the magnetic susceptibility distribution in the surface bottom sediments in the Vistula estuary (Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland) G. Kusza et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03595-8
- Chernobyl still with us: 137Caesium activity contents in seabed sediments from the Gulf of Bothnia, northern Baltic Sea A. Kotilainen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112924
- Trace Elements in Marsh Soils of the Pomor Coast of the White Sea I. Bagdasarov et al. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0032180X24080032
- Estuarine flocculation dynamics of organic carbon and metals from boreal acid sulfate soils J. Virtasalo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023
- Multi-element features of active acid sulfate soils across the Swedish coastal plains A. Nyman et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2023.105653
- Discharge of potentially toxic elements from acid sulfate soils in western Finland: Conflict between water protection and land use? J. Toivonen & A. Boman https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103426
- Acid sulfate soil mapping in western Finland: How to work with imbalanced datasets and machine learning V. Estévez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116916
- Trace Elements in Marsh Soils of the Pomor Coast of the White Sea I. Bagdasarov et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229324600817
- Selective preservation of glomalin-related soil protein contributes to centennial-scale organic carbon burial on the East China Sea shelf M. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2026.102714
- Transport and transformations of cadmium in water–biofilm–sediment phases as affected by hydrodynamic conditions S. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120368
- Statistical approach to identify variables predicting sulphide clay occurrence in southern Finland M. Saresma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03258-5
- Geochemical and microbial responses to limestone and peat treatment of incubated hypermonosulfidic sediments L. Kononova et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70024
- Temporal trends and spatial differences of trace elements in osprey eggs in Finland M. Viluksela et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-026-15460-5
- Sources of element release from acid sulfate soils to the environment: Elemental and mineralogical evidence from Northern Sweden F. Alvarellos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106571
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
Rivers draining the acid sulphate soils of western Finland deliver large amounts of metals (e.g. Cd, Co, Cu, La, Mn, Ni, and Zn) to the coastal sea. To better understand metal enrichment in the sea floor, we analysed metal contents and grain size distribution in nine sediment cores, which increased in the 1960s and 1970s and stayed at high levels afterwards. The enrichment is visible more than 25 km out from the river mouths. Organic aggregates are suggested as the key seaward metal carriers.
Rivers draining the acid sulphate soils of western Finland deliver large amounts of metals (e.g....
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