Articles | Volume 19, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Dec 2022
Research article |
| 02 Dec 2022
| 02 Dec 2022
Controls on the relative abundances and rates of nitrifying microorganisms in the ocean
Emily J. Zakem
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Barbara Bayer
Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Wei Qin
Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
Alyson E. Santoro
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Yao Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Naomi M. Levine
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Chemoautotrophic Carbon Fixation Favors Iron-Bound Organic Carbon Formation in Estuarine and Coastal Sediments B. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c00324
- Biogeochemical anatomy and ecosystem dynamics of a large phytoplankton bloom north of the Hawaiian Islands R. Foreman et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103620
- Long-Term Nitrogen Addition Regulates Plant-Soil 15N–13C Coupling Through Species Traits and Temporal-Spatial Dynamics in a Temperate Forest M. Zhou & Y. Li https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071046
- Widespread deep-sea microorganisms in subseafloor geochemical cycling R. Hageman et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1790163
- Different behaviors of organic matter under physical-biological controls in the eastern Indian Ocean Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1141844
- Minor contribution of ammonia oxidizers to inorganic carbon fixation in the ocean B. Bayer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01798-x
- Nitrification in the oxygen-deficient uppermost mesopelagic layer of a marginal basin in the southeastern Gulf of California C. Hakspiel-Segura et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2025.104610
- Alleviated photoinhibition on nitrification in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean L. Fan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-024-2379-7
- Carbon fixation by chemoautotrophic microbes and strategies for their artificial regulation Q. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/TB-2023-0465
- Ecological dynamics explain modular denitrification in the ocean X. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2417421121
- Reduced nitrite accumulation at the primary nitrite maximum in the cyclonic eddies in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre L. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ade2078
- An abundant bacterial phylum with nitrite-oxidizing potential in oligotrophic marine sediments R. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06136-2
- Nitrification potential and ammonia-oxidizing archaeal diversity in three contrasting acidic soils of eastern China J. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.124744
- Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean W. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5039-2023
- Oxygen intrusions sustain aerobic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in anoxic marine zones P. Buchanan et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ado0742
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Chemoautotrophic Carbon Fixation Favors Iron-Bound Organic Carbon Formation in Estuarine and Coastal Sediments B. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c00324
- Biogeochemical anatomy and ecosystem dynamics of a large phytoplankton bloom north of the Hawaiian Islands R. Foreman et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103620
- Long-Term Nitrogen Addition Regulates Plant-Soil 15N–13C Coupling Through Species Traits and Temporal-Spatial Dynamics in a Temperate Forest M. Zhou & Y. Li https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071046
- Widespread deep-sea microorganisms in subseafloor geochemical cycling R. Hageman et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1790163
- Different behaviors of organic matter under physical-biological controls in the eastern Indian Ocean Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1141844
- Minor contribution of ammonia oxidizers to inorganic carbon fixation in the ocean B. Bayer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01798-x
- Nitrification in the oxygen-deficient uppermost mesopelagic layer of a marginal basin in the southeastern Gulf of California C. Hakspiel-Segura et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2025.104610
- Alleviated photoinhibition on nitrification in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean L. Fan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-024-2379-7
- Carbon fixation by chemoautotrophic microbes and strategies for their artificial regulation Q. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/TB-2023-0465
- Ecological dynamics explain modular denitrification in the ocean X. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2417421121
- Reduced nitrite accumulation at the primary nitrite maximum in the cyclonic eddies in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre L. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ade2078
- An abundant bacterial phylum with nitrite-oxidizing potential in oligotrophic marine sediments R. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06136-2
- Nitrification potential and ammonia-oxidizing archaeal diversity in three contrasting acidic soils of eastern China J. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.124744
- Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean W. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5039-2023
- Oxygen intrusions sustain aerobic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in anoxic marine zones P. Buchanan et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ado0742
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
We use a microbial ecosystem model to quantitatively explain the mechanisms controlling observed relative abundances and nitrification rates of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms in the ocean. We also estimate how much global carbon fixation can be associated with chemoautotrophic nitrification. Our results improve our understanding of the controls on nitrification, laying the groundwork for more accurate predictions in global climate models.
We use a microbial ecosystem model to quantitatively explain the mechanisms controlling observed...
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