Cossa, D., Martin, J.-M., Takayanagi, K., and Sanjuan, J.: The distribution
and cycling of mercury species in the western Mediterranean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt.
II, 44, 721–740, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(96)00097-5,
1997.
Cossa, D., Heimbürger, L.-E., Lannuzel, D., Rintoul, S. R., Butler, E.
C., Bowie, A. R., Averty, B., Watson, R. J., and Remenyi, T.: Mercury in the
Southern Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 4037–4052,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.001, 2011.
Deutsches Institut für Normung: DIN 38409-60: Deutsche Einheitsverfahren
zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung – Summarische Wirkungs- und
Stoffkenngrößen (Gruppe H) – Teil 60: Photometrische Bestimmung der
Chlorophyll-a-Konzentration in Wasser (H 60), Beuth Verlag GmbH, 2015.
Eckley, C. S., Watras, C. J., Hintelmann, H., Morrison, K., Kent, A. D., and
Regnell, O.: Mercury methylation in the hypolimnetic waters of lakes with
and without connection to wetlands in northern Wisconsin, Can. J. Fish.
Aquat. Sci., 62, 400–411, https://doi.org/10.1139/f04-205, 2005.
Fleming, E. J., Mack, E. E., Green, P. G., and Nelson, D. C.: Mercury
methylation from unexpected sources: molybdate-inhibited freshwater
sediments and an iron-reducing bacterium, Appl. Environ. Microb., 72,
457–464, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.1.457-464.2006, 2006.
Froelich, P. N., Klinkhammer, G. P., Bender, M. L., Luedtke, N. A., Heath,
G. R., Cullen, D., Dauphin, P., Hammond, D., Hartman, B., and Maynard, V.:
Early oxidation of organic matter in pelagic sediments of the eastern
equatorial Atlantic: suboxic diagenesis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 43,
1075–1090, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(79)90095-4, 1979.
Gallorini, A. and Loizeau, J.-L.: Mercury methylation in oxic aquatic
macro-environments: a review, J. Limnol., 80, https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2007,
2021.
Gallorini, A. and Loizeau, J.-L.: Lake snow as a mercury methylation
micro-environment in the oxic water column of a deep peri-alpine lake,
Chemosphere, 299, 134306, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134306, 2022.
Gascón Díez, E., Loizeau, J.-L., Cosio, C., Bouchet, S., Adatte,
T., Amouroux, D., and Bravo, A. G.: Role of Settling Particles on Mercury
Methylation in the Oxic Water Column of Freshwater Systems, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 50, 11672–11679, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03260, 2016.
Gascón Díez, E., Graham, N. D., and Loizeau, J.-L.: Total and
methyl-mercury seasonal particulate fluxes in the water column of a large
lake (Lake Geneva, Switzerland), Environ. Sci. Pollut. R. Int., 25,
21086–21096, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2252-3, 2018.
Gilmour, C. C., Henry, E. A., and Mitchell, R.: Sulfate stimulation of
mercury methylation in freshwater sediments, Environ. Sci. Technol., 26,
2281–2287, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00035a029, 1992.
Gilmour, C. C., Podar, M., Bullock, A. L., Graham, A. M., Brown, S. D.,
Somenahally, A. C., Johs, A., Hurt, R. A., Bailey, K. L., and Elias, D. A.:
Mercury methylation by novel microorganisms from new environments, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 47, 11810–11820, https://doi.org/10.1021/es403075t, 2013.
Gordon, D. C.: Distribution of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen at an
oceanic station in the central Pacific, Deep-Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr., 18,
1127–1134, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(71)90098-2, 1971.
Grossart, H.-P. and Simon, M.: Limnetic macroscopic organic aggregates (lake
snow): Occurrence, characteristics, and microbial dynamics in Lake
Constance, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38, 532–546, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.3.0532,
1993.
Hammerschmidt, C. R. and Bowman, K. L.: Vertical methylmercury distribution
in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean, Mar. Chem., 132–133, 77–82,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2012.02.005, 2012.
Hammerschmidt, C. R., Fitzgerald, W. F., Lamborg, C. H., Balcom, P. H., and
Visscher, P. T.: Biogeochemistry of methylmercury in sediments of Long
Island Sound, Mar. Chem., 90, 31–52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.024,
2004.
Heimbürger, L.-E., Cossa, D., Marty, J.-C., Migon, C., Averty, B.,
Dufour, A., and Ras, J.: Methyl mercury distributions in relation to the
presence of nano- and picophytoplankton in an oceanic water column (Ligurian
Sea, North-western Mediterranean), Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 74, 5549–5559,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.06.036, 2010.
Heimbürger, L.-E., Sonke, J. E., Cossa, D., Point, D., Lagane, C.,
Laffont, L., Galfond, B. T., Nicolaus, M., Rabe, B., and van der Loeff, M.
R.: Shallow methylmercury production in the marginal sea ice zone of the
central Arctic Ocean, Sci. Rep., 5, 10318, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10318, 2015.
Higginson, M. J.: Geochemical Proxies (Non-Isotopic), in: Encyclopedia of
Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments, edited by: Gornitz, V., Encyclopedia
of Earth Sciences Series, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 341–354, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4411-3_89, 2009.
Hollweg, T. A., Gilmour, C. C., and Mason, R. P.: Methylmercury production
in sediments of Chesapeake Bay and the mid-Atlantic continental margin, Mar.
Chem., 114, 86–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.04.004, 2009.
Jensen, S. and Jernelöv, A.: Biological methylation of mercury in
aquatic organisms, Nature, 223, 753–754, https://doi.org/10.1038/223753a0, 1969.
Kirk, J. L., St Louis, V. L., Hintelmann, H., Lehnherr, I., Else, B., and
Poissant, L.: Methylated mercury species in marine waters of the Canadian
high and sub Arctic, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 8367–8373,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es801635m, 2008.
Lenz, J.: Seston and Its Main Components, in: Microbial Ecology of a
Brackish Water Environment, edited by: Billings, W. D., Golley, F., Lange, O. L.,
Olson, J. S., and Rheinheimer, G., Ecological Studies, Springer Berlin
Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 37–60, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66791-6_5, 1977.
Liang, X., Zhu, N., Johs, A., Chen, H., Pelletier, D. A., Zhang, L., Yin,
X., Gao, Y., Zhao, J., and Gu, B.: Mercury Reduction, Uptake, and Species
Transformation by Freshwater Alga Chlorella vulgaris under Sunlit and Dark
Conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 4961–4969,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c06558, 2022.
Mauro, J. B. N., Guimarães, J. R. D., Hintelmann, H., Watras, C. J.,
Haack, E. A., and Coelho-Souza, S. A.: Mercury methylation in macrophytes,
periphyton, and water – comparative studies with stable and radio-mercury
additions, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 374, 983–989,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-002-1534-1, 2002.
Meyers, P. A. and Eadie, B. J.: Sources, degradation and recycling of
organic matter associated with sinking particles in Lake Michigan, Org.
Geochem., 20, 47–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(93)90080-U, 1993.
Meyers, P. A. and Lallier-Vergés, E.: Lacustrine Sedimentary Organic
Matter Records of Late Quaternary Paleoclimates, J. Paleolimnol., 21,
345–372, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008073732192, 1999.
Müller, P.: Ratios in Pacific deep-sea sediments: Effect of inorganic
ammonium and organic nitrogen compounds sorbed by clays, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Ac., 41, 765–776, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(77)90047-3, 1977.
Oguz, T., Ducklow, H. W., and Malanotte-Rizzoli, P.: Modeling distinct
vertical biogeochemical structure of the Black Sea: Dynamical coupling of
the oxic, suboxic, and anoxic layers, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14,
1331–1352, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001253, 2000.
Ortiz, V. L., Mason, R. P., and Ward, J. E.: An examination of the factors
influencing mercury and methylmercury particulate distributions, methylation
and demethylation rates in laboratory-generated marine snow, Mar. Chem.,
177, 753–762, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.07.006, 2015.
Peterson, B. D., McDaniel, E. A., Schmidt, A. G., Lepak, R. F., Janssen, S.
E., Tran, P. Q., Marick, R. A., Ogorek, J. M., DeWild, J. F., Krabbenhoft,
D. P., and McMahon, K. D.: Mercury Methylation Genes Identified across
Diverse Anaerobic Microbial Guilds in a Eutrophic Sulfate-Enriched Lake,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 15840–15851, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05435, 2020.
Pickhardt, P. C. and Fisher, N. S.: Accumulation of inorganic and
methylmercury by freshwater phytoplankton in two contrasting water bodies,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 125–131, https://doi.org/10.1021/es060966w, 2007.
Pickhardt, P. C., Folt, C. L., Chen, C. Y., Klaue, B., and Blum, J. D.:
Algal blooms reduce the uptake of toxic methylmercury in freshwater food
webs, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 4419–4423,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.072531099, 2002.
Radbourne, A. D. and Ryves, D. B.: Experimental assessment and implications
of long-term within-trap mineralization of seston in lake trapping studies,
Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth., 18, 327–334, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10369, 2020.
Raven, M. R., Keil, R. G., and Webb, S. M.: Microbial sulfate reduction and
organic sulfur formation in sinking marine particles, Science, 371, 178–181, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc6035, 2021.
Ravichandran, M.: Interactions between mercury and dissolved organic
matter – a review, Chemosphere, 55, 319–331,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.11.011, 2004.
Robinson, J. B. and Tuovinen, O. H.: Mechanisms of microbial resistance and
detoxification of mercury and organomercury compounds: physiological,
biochemical, and genetic analyses, Microbiol. Rev., 48, 95–124, 1984.
Saino, T. and Hattori, A.: Geographical variation of the water column
distrubution of suspended particulate organic nitrogen and its
15N natural
abundance in the Pacific and its marginal seas, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A, 34, 807–827, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(87)90038-0, 1987.
Schartup, A. T., Balcom, P. H., Soerensen, A. L., Gosnell, K. J., Calder, R.
S. D., Mason, R. P., and Sunderland, E. M.: Freshwater discharges drive high
levels of methylmercury in Arctic marine biota, P. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA, 112, 11789–11794, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505541112, 2015a.
Schartup, A. T., Ndu, U., Balcom, P. H., Mason, R. P., and Sunderland, E.
M.: Contrasting effects of marine and terrestrially derived dissolved
organic matter on mercury speciation and bioavailability in seawater,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 5965–5972, https://doi.org/10.1021/es506274x, 2015b.
Schütze, M., Gatz, P., Gilfedder, B.-S., and Biester, H.: Why productive
lakes are larger mercury sedimentary sinks than oligotrophic brown water
lakes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 66, 1316–1332, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11684, 2021.
Soerensen, A. L., Schartup, A. T., Skrobonja, A., Bouchet, S., Amouroux, D.,
Liem-Nguyen, V., and Björn, E.: Deciphering the Role of Water Column
Redoxclines on Methylmercury Cycling Using Speciation Modeling and
Observations From the Baltic Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 1498–1513,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB005942, 2018.
Sunderland, E. M., Gobas, F. A., Heyes, A., Branfireun, B. A., Bayer, A. K.,
Cranston, R. E., and Parsons, M. B.: Speciation and bioavailability of
mercury in well-mixed estuarine sediments, Mar. Chem., 90, 91–105,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.021, 2004.
Sunderland, E. M., Krabbenhoft, D. P., Moreau, J. W., Strode, S. A., and
Landing, W. M.: Mercury sources, distribution, and bioavailability in the
North Pacific Ocean: Insights from data and models, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 23, GB2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003425, 2009.
Topping, G. and Davies, I. M.: Methylmercury production in the marine water
column, Nature, 290, 243–244, https://doi.org/10.1038/290243a0, 1981.
USGS-Mercury Research Laboratory: Analysis of Methylmercury in Biota by Cold
Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Detection with the Brooks-Rand “MERX” Automated
Mercury Analytical System, 2016.
Wang, K., Munson, K. M., Beaupré-Laperrière, A., Mucci, A.,
Macdonald, R. W., and Wang, F.: Subsurface seawater methylmercury maximum
explains biotic mercury concentrations in the Canadian Arctic, Sci. Rep., 8,
14465, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32760-0, 2018.
Watras, C. J. and Bloom, N. S.: The Vertical Distribution of Mercury Species
in Wisconsin Lakes: Accumulation in Plankton Layers, in: Mercury Pollution:
Integration and Synthesis, edited by: Watras, C. J. and Huckabee, J. W., Lewis Chelsa,
MI, 137–151, 1994.
Watras, C. J., Bloom, N. S., Claas, S. A., Morrison, K. A., Gilmour, C. C.,
and Craig, S. R.: Methylmercury production in the anoxic hypolimnion of a
Dimictic Seepage Lake, Water Air Soil Pollut., 80, 735–745,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01189725, 1995.
Zaferani, S., Pérez-Rodríguez, M., and Biester, H.: Diatom ooze – A
large marine mercury sink, Science, 361, 797–800,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat2735, 2018.
Zhang, T., Kim, B., Levard, C., Reinsch, B. C., Lowry, G. V., Deshusses, M.
A., and Hsu-Kim, H.: Methylation of mercury by bacteria exposed to
dissolved, nanoparticulate, and microparticulate mercuric sulfides, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 46, 6950–6958, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203181m, 2012.
