Articles | Volume 20, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4711-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4711-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Unique ocean circulation pathways reshape the Indian Ocean oxygen minimum zone with warming
Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
Department of Geosciences and High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
Julius Busecke
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Cited
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ventilation of the Bay of Bengal oxygen minimum zone by the Southwest Monsoon Current P. Sheehan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1575-2025
- A high-resolution physical-biogeochemical model for marine resource applications in the Northern Indian Ocean (MOM6-COBALT-IND12 v1.0) E. Liao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6553-2025
- Nitrogen dynamics and nitrate stable isotopes indicate nitrogen loss in the Bay of Bengal G. Schulz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5943-2025
- Expansion versus intensification: oxygen-volume distribution shapes contrasting OMZ responses to deoxygenation Z. Lachkar & S. Ouala https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae886e
- The influence of waves and bubbles on oxygen in the ocean interior P. Rustogi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae612b
- Characteristics and driving factors of oceanic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the context of global change J. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-025-1783-9
- Competing effects of wind and buoyancy forcing on ocean oxygen trends in recent decades H. Hollitzer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53557-y
- On mode water formation and erosion in the Arabian Sea: forcing mechanisms, regionality, and seasonality E. Font et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1349-2025
- Upwelling shapes nitrate isotope distribution in the Seychelles–Chagos Thermocline Ridge in the Indian Ocean S. Jeong et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1692656
- Sensitivity of fish diel vertical migration depths to future changes in the Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zone S. Ditkovsky et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1716557
- Variability of biophysical parameters during La Niña condition in the Eastern Region of the Indian Ocean A. Khan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2024.102533
- Emerging Climate Signals in Tropical Oxygen Minimum Zones M. Delteil et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-2205-2026
- A universal wind–wave–bubble formulation for air–sea gas exchange and its impact on oxygen fluxes L. Deike et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419319122
- 全球变化背景下大洋最小含氧带(OMZ)的特征及其驱动因素 骏. 马 et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/SSTe-2025-0178
- Toward an integrated pantropical ocean observing system G. Foltz et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1539183
- Interannual Variability in Acoustic Backscatter and Oceanographic Drivers in the Southwestern Indian Ocean F. Simanungkalit et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-025-00242-w
- Marine biofilm microbial communities on deep-sea moorings as indicators of a changing environment L. Khandeparker et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107598
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ventilation of the Bay of Bengal oxygen minimum zone by the Southwest Monsoon Current P. Sheehan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1575-2025
- A high-resolution physical-biogeochemical model for marine resource applications in the Northern Indian Ocean (MOM6-COBALT-IND12 v1.0) E. Liao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6553-2025
- Nitrogen dynamics and nitrate stable isotopes indicate nitrogen loss in the Bay of Bengal G. Schulz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5943-2025
- Expansion versus intensification: oxygen-volume distribution shapes contrasting OMZ responses to deoxygenation Z. Lachkar & S. Ouala https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae886e
- The influence of waves and bubbles on oxygen in the ocean interior P. Rustogi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae612b
- Characteristics and driving factors of oceanic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the context of global change J. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-025-1783-9
- Competing effects of wind and buoyancy forcing on ocean oxygen trends in recent decades H. Hollitzer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53557-y
- On mode water formation and erosion in the Arabian Sea: forcing mechanisms, regionality, and seasonality E. Font et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1349-2025
- Upwelling shapes nitrate isotope distribution in the Seychelles–Chagos Thermocline Ridge in the Indian Ocean S. Jeong et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1692656
- Sensitivity of fish diel vertical migration depths to future changes in the Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zone S. Ditkovsky et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1716557
- Variability of biophysical parameters during La Niña condition in the Eastern Region of the Indian Ocean A. Khan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2024.102533
- Emerging Climate Signals in Tropical Oxygen Minimum Zones M. Delteil et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-2205-2026
- A universal wind–wave–bubble formulation for air–sea gas exchange and its impact on oxygen fluxes L. Deike et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419319122
- 全球变化背景下大洋最小含氧带(OMZ)的特征及其驱动因素 骏. 马 et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/SSTe-2025-0178
- Toward an integrated pantropical ocean observing system G. Foltz et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1539183
- Interannual Variability in Acoustic Backscatter and Oceanographic Drivers in the Southwestern Indian Ocean F. Simanungkalit et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-025-00242-w
- Marine biofilm microbial communities on deep-sea moorings as indicators of a changing environment L. Khandeparker et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107598
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 Jul 2026
Short summary
The global ocean is losing oxygen due to warming. The Indian Ocean, however, is gaining oxygen in large parts of the basin, and its naturally occurring oxygen minimum zone is not expanding. This rather unexpected response is explained by the unique ocean circulation of the Indian Ocean, which is bounded by a continent to the north but connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Indonesian Throughflow.
The global ocean is losing oxygen due to warming. The Indian Ocean, however, is gaining oxygen...
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