Articles | Volume 21, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Ideas and perspectives
| Highlight paper
| 
28 Mar 2024
Ideas and perspectives | Highlight paper |
| 28 Mar 2024
| 28 Mar 2024
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Michael Dietze
Department of Physical Geography, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
Section 4.6 Geomorphology, GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Violeta Tolorza
Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
Erwin Gonzalez
Pumalin Douglas Tompkins National Park, Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF), Amarillo, Chile
Benjamin Sotomayor
Dron Aerogeomática SpA, Spatial Data and Analysis in Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile
Andres Iroume
Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Sten Gilfert
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Frieder Tautz
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Related authors
Violeta Tolorza, Christian H. Mohr, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, Benjamín Sotomayor, Dagoberto Poblete-Caballero, Sebastien Carretier, Mauricio Galleguillos, and Oscar Seguel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 841–861, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-841-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-841-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We calculated disturbances and landscape-lowering rates across various timescales in a ~ 406 km2 catchment in the Chilean Coastal Range. Intensive management of exotic tree plantations involves short rotational cycles (planting and harvesting by replanting clear-cuts) lasting 9–25 years, dense forestry road networks (increasing connectivity), and a recent increase in wildfires. Concurrently, persistent drought conditions and the high water demand of fast-growing trees reduce water availability.
C. H. Mohr, A. Zimmermann, O. Korup, A. Iroumé, T. Francke, and A. Bronstert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 117–125, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-117-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-117-2014, 2014
Samuel Weber, Jan Beutel, Michael Dietze, Alexander Bast, Robert Kenner, Marcia Phillips, Johannes Leinauer, Simon Mühlbauer, Felix Pfluger, and Michael Krautblatter
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1151, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1151, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
On 13 June 2023, a freestanding rock pillar on the Matterhorn Hörnligrat ridge collapsed after years of weakening. Our study explores how seasonal temperature changes and water infiltration into frozen rock contributed to its failure. By combining field data, lab tests, and modeling, we reveal how warming permafrost increases rockfall risks. Our findings highlight the need for multi-method monitoring and modeling to understand rock slope failure and its links to climate change.
Cristóbal Soto-Escobar, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, Violeta Tolorza, and René Garreaud
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-621, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-621, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to better understand how the spatial distribution, temporal trends and data length of hourly precipitation data influence the computation of stationary and non-stationary annual maximum precipitation intensities in a study area with diverse climate zones and topography. Our results reveal spatial differences and similarities in rainfall intensities derived from five hourly gridded precipitation datasets. Non-stationary intensities were slightly lower values than stationary ones.
Johannes Leinauer, Michael Dietze, Sibylle Knapp, Riccardo Scandroglio, Maximilian Jokel, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1027–1048, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Massive rock slope failures are a significant alpine hazard and change the Earth's surface. Therefore, we must understand what controls the preparation of such events. By correlating 4 years of slope displacements with meteorological and seismic data, we found that water from rain and snowmelt is the most important driver. Our approach is applicable to similar sites and indicates where future climatic changes, e.g. in rain intensity and frequency, may alter the preparation of slope failure.
Violeta Tolorza, Christian H. Mohr, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, Benjamín Sotomayor, Dagoberto Poblete-Caballero, Sebastien Carretier, Mauricio Galleguillos, and Oscar Seguel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 841–861, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-841-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-841-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We calculated disturbances and landscape-lowering rates across various timescales in a ~ 406 km2 catchment in the Chilean Coastal Range. Intensive management of exotic tree plantations involves short rotational cycles (planting and harvesting by replanting clear-cuts) lasting 9–25 years, dense forestry road networks (increasing connectivity), and a recent increase in wildfires. Concurrently, persistent drought conditions and the high water demand of fast-growing trees reduce water availability.
Natalie Barbosa, Johannes Leinauer, Juilson Jubanski, Michael Dietze, Ulrich Münzer, Florian Siegert, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 249–269, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-249-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-249-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Massive sediment pulses in catchments are a key alpine multi-risk component. Combining high-resolution aerial imagery and seismic information, we decipher a multi-stage >130.000 m³ rockfall and subsequent sediment pulses over 4 years, reflecting sediment deposition up to 10 m, redistribution in the basin, and finally debouchure to the outlet. This study provides generic information on spatial and temporal patterns of massive sediment pulses in highly charged alpine catchments.
Fabian Walter, Elias Hodel, Erik S. Mannerfelt, Kristen Cook, Michael Dietze, Livia Estermann, Michaela Wenner, Daniel Farinotti, Martin Fengler, Lukas Hammerschmidt, Flavia Hänsli, Jacob Hirschberg, Brian McArdell, and Peter Molnar
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4011–4018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-4011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-4011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are dangerous sediment–water mixtures in steep terrain. Their formation takes place in poorly accessible terrain where instrumentation cannot be installed. Here we propose to monitor such source terrain with an autonomous drone for mapping sediments which were left behind by debris flows or may contribute to future events. Short flight intervals elucidate changes of such sediments, providing important information for landscape evolution and the likelihood of future debris flows.
Don A. White, Shiqi Ren, Daniel S. Mendham, Francisco Balocchi-Contreras, Richard P. Silberstein, Dean Meason, Andrés Iroumé, and Pablo Ramirez de Arellano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5357–5371, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5357-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5357-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Of all the planting options for wood production and carbon storage, Eucalyptus species provoke the greatest concern about their effect on water resources. We compared Eucalyptus and Pinus species (the two most widely planted genera) by fitting a simple model to the published estimates of their annual water use. There was no significant difference between the two genera. This has important implications for the global debate around Eucalyptus and is an option for carbon forests.
Michael Dietze, Sebastian Kreutzer, Margret C. Fuchs, and Sascha Meszner
Geochronology, 4, 323–338, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-323-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-323-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The R package sandbox is a collection of functions that allow the creation, sampling and analysis of fully virtual sediment sections, like having a virtual twin of real-world deposits. This article introduces the concept, features, and workflows required to use sandbox. It shows how a real-world sediment section can be mapped into the model and subsequently addresses a series of theoretical and practical questions, exploiting the flexibility of the model framework.
Michael Dietze, Rainer Bell, Ugur Ozturk, Kristen L. Cook, Christoff Andermann, Alexander R. Beer, Bodo Damm, Ana Lucia, Felix S. Fauer, Katrin M. Nissen, Tobias Sieg, and Annegret H. Thieken
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1845–1856, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The flood that hit Europe in July 2021, specifically the Eifel, Germany, was more than a lot of fast-flowing water. The heavy rain that fell during the 3 d before also caused the slope to fail, recruited tree trunks that clogged bridges, and routed debris across the landscape. Especially in the upper parts of the catchments the flood was able to gain momentum. Here, we discuss how different landscape elements interacted and highlight the challenges of holistic future flood anticipation.
Kristen L. Cook and Michael Dietze
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 1009–1017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-1009-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-1009-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
UAVs have become popular tools for detecting topographic changes. Traditionally, detecting small amounts of change between two UAV surveys requires each survey to be highly accurate. We take an alternative approach and present a simple processing workflow that produces survey pairs or sets that are highly consistent with each other, even when the overall accuracy is relatively low. This greatly increases our ability to detect changes in settings where ground control is not possible.
Elisabeth Dietze and Michael Dietze
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 68, 29–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-68-29-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-68-29-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Sedimentary deposits provide insights into past Earth surface dynamics via the size distribution of mineral grains documenting the erosion, transport and deposition history. This study introduces structured procedures to decipher the distinct grain-size distributions of sediment samples that were mixed during/after deposition, using the free statistical tool EMMAgeo. Compared with other algorithms, EMMAgeo is unique as it provides uncertainty estimates and allows expert knowledge to be included.
Michael Dietze
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 669–686, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-669-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-669-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental seismology is the study of the seismic signals emitted by Earth surface processes. This emerging research field is at the intersection of many Earth science disciplines. The overarching scope requires free integrative software that is accepted across scientific disciplines, such as R. The article introduces the R package "eseis" and illustrates its conceptual structure, available functions, and worked examples.
Michael Dietze, Jens M. Turowski, Kristen L. Cook, and Niels Hovius
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 757–779, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-757-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-757-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Rockfall is an essential geomorphic process and a hazard in steep landscapes which is hard to constrain with traditional approaches. Seismic methods allow for the detection, location, characterisation and linking of events to triggers by lag times. This new technique reveals 49 rockfalls in 6 months with seasonally varying locations. Freeze–thaw action accounts for only 5 events, whereas 19 rockfalls were caused by rain with a 1 h peak lag time, and 17 events were due to diurnal thermal forcing.
Michael Dietze, Solmaz Mohadjer, Jens M. Turowski, Todd A. Ehlers, and Niels Hovius
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 653–668, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-653-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-653-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We use a seismometer network to detect and locate rockfalls, a key process shaping steep mountain landscapes. When tested against laser scan surveys, all seismically detected events could be located with an average deviation of 81 m. Seismic monitoring provides insight to the dynamics of individual rockfalls, which can be as small as 0.0053 m3. Thus, seismic methods provide unprecedented temporal, spatial and kinematic details about this important process.
C. H. Mohr, A. Zimmermann, O. Korup, A. Iroumé, T. Francke, and A. Bronstert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 117–125, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-117-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-117-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
Reviews and syntheses: Current perspectives on biosphere research 2024–2025 – eight findings from ecology, sociology, and economics
Role of air–soil temperature in the leaf area index (LAI) course and role of height–diameter at breast height (DBH) in the maximum LAI during foliation of Platanus orientalis L. in an urban–rural greenway system
Ecosystem leaf area, gross primary production, and evapotranspiration responses to wildfire in the Columbia River basin
Optimal set of leaf and aboveground tree elements for predicting forest functioning
Water usage of old-growth oak at elevated CO2 in the FACE (Free-Air CO2 Enrichment) of climate change
Elephant megacarcasses increase local nutrient pools in African savanna soils and plants
Narrowing down dune establishment drivers on the beach
Combined effects of topography, soil moisture, and snow cover regimes on growth responses of grasslands in a low- mountain range (Vosges, France)
Soil smoldering in temperate forests: a neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios
Enhancing environmental models with a new downscaling method for global radiation in complex terrain
On the predictability of turbulent fluxes from land: PLUMBER2 MIP experimental description and preliminary results
The fungal collaboration gradient drives root trait distribution and ecosystem processes in a tropical montane forest
Measuring and modeling waterlogging tolerance to predict the future for threatened lowland ash forests
Crowd-sourced trait data can be used to delimit global biomes
Biomass yield potential, feedstock quality, and nutrient removal of perennial buffer strips under continuous zero fertilizer application
Leaf habit drives leaf nutrient resorption globally alongside nutrient availability and climate
Soil and Biomass Carbon Storage is Much Higher in Central American than Andean Montane Forests
Linking geomorphological processes and wildlife microhabitat selection: nesting birds select refuges generated by permafrost degradation in the Arctic
Distinguishing mature and immature trees allows estimating forest carbon uptake from stand structure
“Blooming” of litter-mixing effects: the role of flower and leaf litter interactions on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
Evaluating state-of-the-art process-based and data-driven models in simulating CO2 fluxes and their relationship with climate in western European temperate forests
From simple labels to semantic image segmentation: leveraging citizen science plant photographs for tree species mapping in drone imagery
Plant functional traits modulate the effects of soil acidification on above- and belowground biomass
Regional effects and local climate jointly shape the global distribution of sexual systems in woody flowering plants
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Kilometre-scale simulations over Fennoscandia reveal a large loss of tundra due to climate warming
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Friedrich J. Bohn, Ana Bastos, Romina Martin, Anja Rammig, Niak Sian Koh, Giles B. Sioen, Bram Buscher, Louise Carver, Fabrice DeClerck, Moritz Drupp, Robert Fletcher, Matthew Forrest, Alexandros Gasparatos, Alex Godoy-Faúndez, Gregor Hagedorn, Martin C. Hänsel, Jessica Hetzer, Thomas Hickler, Cornelia B. Krug, Stasja Koot, Xiuzhen Li, Amy Luers, Shelby Matevich, H. Damon Matthews, Ina C. Meier, Mirco Migliavacca, Awaz Mohamed, Sungmin O, David Obura, Ben Orlove, Rene Orth, Laura Pereira, Markus Reichstein, Lerato Thakholi, Peter H. Verburg, and Yuki Yoshida
Biogeosciences, 22, 2425–2460, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2425-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2425-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
An interdisciplinary collaboration of 36 international researchers from 35 institutions highlights recent findings in biosphere research. Within eight themes, they discuss issues arising from climate change and other anthropogenic stressors and highlight the co-benefits of nature-based solutions and ecosystem services. Based on an analysis of these eight topics, we have synthesized four overarching insights.
Melih Öztürk, Turgay Biricik, and Rıdvan Koruyan
Biogeosciences, 22, 2351–2362, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2351-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2351-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Oriental plane leaf area index (LAI) values changed with a definite pattern compatible with phenological periods. Air–soil temperatures were significantly definitive regarding the course of mean LAIs, particularly during foliation. Tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were not correlated with point-based maximum LAIs. Point-based mean LAIs increased from 0.80 to 2.76 m2 m−2 during foliation. Mean tree height and DBH for point-based canopies ranged between 17.0–26.7 m and 26.5–38.2 cm, respectively.
Mingjie Shi, Nate McDowell, Huilin Huang, Faria Zahura, Lingcheng Li, and Xingyuan Chen
Biogeosciences, 22, 2225–2238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2225-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2225-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data products, we quantitatively estimate the resistance and resilience of ecosystem functions to wildfires that occurred in the Columbia River basin in 2015. The carbon state exhibits lower resistance and resilience than the ecosystem fluxes. The random forest feature importance analysis indicates that burn severity plays a minor role in the resilience of grassland and a relatively major role in the resilience of forest and savanna.
Écio Souza Diniz, Eladio Rodríguez-Penedo, Roger Grau-Andrés, Jordi Vayreda, and Marcos Fernández-Martínez
Biogeosciences, 22, 2115–2132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2115-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2115-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that the accumulation of nutrients (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium) in leaves is an important factor in explaining tree growth in forest ecosystems. This result provides evidence for forest growth studies aimed at forest conservation and restoration to better direct their resources to data collection and measurement. Collecting data on nutrient stocks in tree leaves can also provide valuable information to broaden our understanding of forest functioning.
Susan E. Quick, Giulio Curioni, Nicholas J. Harper, Stefan Krause, and A. Robert MacKenzie
Biogeosciences, 22, 1557–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1557-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1557-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
To study the effects of rising CO2 levels on water usage of old-growth temperate oak forest, we monitored trees in an open-air elevated CO2 experiment for 5 years. We found 4 %–16 % leaf-on season reduction in daylight water usage for ~35% increase in atmospheric CO2. July-only reduction varied more widely. Tree water usage depended on tree size, i.e. stem size and projected canopy area, across all treatments. Experimental infrastructure increased the water usage of the trees in leaf-on season.
Courtney G. Reed, Michelle L. Budny, Johan T. du Toit, Ryan Helcoski, Joshua P. Schimel, Izak P. J. Smit, Tercia Strydom, Aimee Tallian, Dave I. Thompson, Helga van Coller, Nathan P. Lemoine, and Deron E. Burkepile
Biogeosciences, 22, 1583–1596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1583-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1583-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We seek to understand the ecological legacies of elephants after death. We sampled soil and leaves at elephant carcass sites in South Africa and found that elephant carcasses release nutrients into soil, which plants take up and make available for consumption by herbivores. This research reveals a key way that elephants contribute to nutrient cycling in savannas after death. It also highlights an important process that may be lost in areas where elephant populations are in decline.
Jan-Markus Homberger, Sasja van Rosmalen, Michel Riksen, and Juul Limpens
Biogeosciences, 22, 1301–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1301-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1301-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding what determines the establishment of dune-building vegetation could help to better predict coastal dune initiation and development. We monitored the establishment of dune-building grasses and dune initiation in a large field experiment. Our results show that dune initiation takes place during peaks in dune-building grass establishment, which depend on favorable environmental conditions. Our findings can potentially be integrated into beach restoration and management strategies.
Pierre-Alexis Herrault, Albin Ullmann, and Damien Ertlen
Biogeosciences, 22, 705–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-705-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-705-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain grasslands are impacted by climate change and need to adapt. Low-mountain grasslands are poorly understood compared to high-mountain massifs. Thanks to satellite archives, we found that grasslands occurring in the Vosges Mountains (France) exhibited stable productivity or tended to decrease in specific regions of the massif, with a reverse signal observed in high-mountain massifs. We also noted a high responsiveness in their growth strategy to soil moisture, snow regime, and topography.
Lilian Vallet, Charbel Abdallah, Thomas Lauvaux, Lilian Joly, Michel Ramonet, Philippe Ciais, Morgan Lopez, Irène Xueref-Remy, and Florent Mouillot
Biogeosciences, 22, 213–242, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-213-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-213-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The 2022 fire season had a huge impact on European temperate forest, with several large fires exhibiting prolonged soil combustion reported. We analyzed CO and CO2 concentration recorded at nearby atmospheric towers, revealing intense smoldering combustion. We refined a fire emission model to incorporate this process. We estimated 7.95 Mteq CO2 fire emission, twice the global estimate. Fires contributed to 1.97 % of France's annual carbon footprint, reducing forest carbon sink by 30 % this year.
Arsène Druel, Julien Ruffault, Hendrik Davi, André Chanzy, Olivier Marloie, Miquel De Cáceres, Albert Olioso, Florent Mouillot, Christophe François, Kamel Soudani, and Nicolas K. Martin-StPaul
Biogeosciences, 22, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate radiation data are essential for understanding ecosystem functions and dynamics. Traditional large-scale data lack the precision needed for complex terrain. This study introduces a new model, which accounts for sub-daily direct and diffuse radiation effects caused by terrain features, to enhance the radiation data resolution using elevation maps. Tested on a mountainous area, this method significantly improved radiation estimates, benefiting predictions of forest functions.
Gab Abramowitz, Anna Ukkola, Sanaa Hobeichi, Jon Cranko Page, Mathew Lipson, Martin G. De Kauwe, Samuel Green, Claire Brenner, Jonathan Frame, Grey Nearing, Martyn Clark, Martin Best, Peter Anthoni, Gabriele Arduini, Souhail Boussetta, Silvia Caldararu, Kyeungwoo Cho, Matthias Cuntz, David Fairbairn, Craig R. Ferguson, Hyungjun Kim, Yeonjoo Kim, Jürgen Knauer, David Lawrence, Xiangzhong Luo, Sergey Malyshev, Tomoko Nitta, Jerome Ogee, Keith Oleson, Catherine Ottlé, Phillipe Peylin, Patricia de Rosnay, Heather Rumbold, Bob Su, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Xiaoni Wang-Faivre, Yunfei Wang, and Yijian Zeng
Biogeosciences, 21, 5517–5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates land models – computer-based models that simulate ecosystem dynamics; land carbon, water, and energy cycles; and the role of land in the climate system. It uses machine learning and AI approaches to show that, despite the complexity of land models, they do not perform nearly as well as they could given the amount of information they are provided with about the prediction problem.
Mateus Dantas de Paula, Tatiana Reichert, Laynara Lugli, Erica McGale, Kerstin Pierick, João Paulo Darela-Filho, Liam Langan, Jürgen Homeier, Anja Rammig, and Thomas Hickler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3259, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3259, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how plant roots, with different forms and functions, rely on fungal partnerships for nutrient uptake. This relationship was integrated into a vegetation model and was tested in a tropical forest in Ecuador. The model accurately predicted root traits and showed that without fungi, biomass decreased by up to 80 %. The findings highlight the critical role of fungi in ecosystem processes and suggest that root-fungal interactions should be considered in vegetation models.
Eric Gustafson, Dustin Bronson, Marcella Windmuller-Campione, Robert A. Slesak, and Deahn Donner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3332, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3332, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Black ash forests provide many ecological and tribal cultural benefits but may soon be killed by invasive insects. Black ash trees maintain forests on very wet sites by removing enough water to allow other species to survive. We combined results from physical experiments and a simulation model to project the ecological outcome of strategies to replace ash with species not killed by the insect. We found that this should work if ways can be found to ensure that planted trees survive to maturity.
Simon Scheiter, Sophie Wolf, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 4909–4926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Biomes are widely used to map vegetation patterns at large spatial scales and to assess impacts of climate change, yet there is no consensus on a generally valid biome classification scheme. We used crowd-sourced species distribution data and trait data to assess whether trait information is suitable for delimiting biomes. Although the trait data were heterogeneous and had large gaps with respect to the spatial distribution, we found that a global trait-based biome classification was possible.
Cheng-Hsien Lin, Colleen Zumpf, Chunhwa Jang, Thomas Voigt, Guanglong Tian, Olawale Oladeji, Albert Cox, Rehnuma Mehzabin, and DoKyoung Lee
Biogeosciences, 21, 4765–4784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4765-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4765-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Riparian areas are subject to environmental issues (nutrient leaching) associated with low productivity. Perennial grasses can improve ecosystem services from riparian zones while producing forage/bioenergy feedstock biomass as potential income for farmers. The forage-type buffer can be an ideal short-term candidate due to its great efficiency of nutrient scavenging; the bioenergy-type buffer showed better sustainability than the forage buffer and a continuous yield supply potential.
Gabriela Sophia, Silvia Caldararu, Benjamin David Stocker, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 21, 4169–4193, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4169-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4169-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through an extensive global dataset of leaf nutrient resorption and a multifactorial analysis, we show that the majority of spatial variation in nutrient resorption may be driven by leaf habit and type, with thicker, longer-lived leaves having lower resorption efficiencies. Climate, soil fertility and soil-related factors emerge as strong drivers with an additional effect on its role. These results are essential for comprehending plant nutrient status, plant productivity and nutrient cycling.
Cecilia M. Prada, Katherine D. Heineman, Maria J. Pardo, Camille Piponiot, and James W. Dalling
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2738, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2738, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of elevation and soil nutrient availability on carbon stocks has not been evaluated for ectomycorrhizal forests in the tropics. In western Panama we calculated C pools in ten plots in an elevational gradient varying in relative abundance of EM-trees. We found exceptionally high aboveground soil C in high elevation EM-forest, in contrast to arbuscular mycorrhizal-dominated Andean forests.
Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Éliane Duchesne, Daniel Fortier, Christophe Kinnard, and Joël Bêty
Biogeosciences, 21, 3401–3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Arctic tundra, climate change is transforming the landscape, and this may impact wildlife. We focus on three nesting bird species and the islets they select as refuges from their main predator, the Arctic fox. A geomorphological process, ice-wedge polygon degradation, was found to play a key role in creating these refuges. This process is likely to affect predator–prey dynamics in the Arctic tundra, highlighting the connections between nature's physical and ecological systems.
Samuel M. Fischer, Xugao Wang, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 21, 3305–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the drivers of forest productivity is key for accurately assessing forests’ role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, despite significant research effort, it is not fully understood how the productivity of a forest can be deduced from its stand structure. We suggest tackling this problem by identifying the share and structure of immature trees within forests and show that this approach could significantly improve estimates of forests’ net productivity and carbon uptake.
Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar, Rafael D. Guariento, Bertrand Guenet, Luciana S. Carneiro, Eduardo L. Voigt, and Adriano Caliman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3165–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flowers are ephemeral organs for reproduction, and their litter is functionally different from leaf litter. Flowers can affect decomposition and interact with leaf litter, influencing decomposition non-additively. We show that mixing flower and leaf litter from the Tabebuia aurea tree creates reciprocal synergistic effects on decomposition in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We highlight that flower litter input can generate biogeochemical hotspots in terrestrial ecosystems.
Gaïa Michel, Julien Crétat, Olivier Mathieu, Mathieu Thévenot, Andrey Dara, Robert Granat, Zhendong Wu, Clément Bonnefoy-Claudet, Julianne Capelle, Jean Cacot, and John S. Kimball
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1758, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1758, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study questions the usefulness of state-ot-the-art models to characterize the temporal variability of atmosphere-ecosystem CO2 exchanges in western European forests. Their mean annual cycle and annual budget are better captured by statistical than physical models, while their interannual variability and long-term trend are better captured by models forced by climate variability. Accounting for both forest stands and climate variability is thus key for properly assessing CO2 fluxes.
Salim Soltani, Olga Ferlian, Nico Eisenhauer, Hannes Feilhauer, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 2909–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we developed a novel method using citizen science data as alternative training data for computer vision models to map plant species in unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) images. We use citizen science plant photographs to train models and apply them to UAV images. We tested our approach on UAV images of a test site with 10 different tree species, yielding accurate results. This research shows the potential of citizen science data to advance our ability to monitor plant species.
Xue Feng, Ruzhen Wang, Tianpeng Li, Jiangping Cai, Heyong Liu, Hui Li, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2641–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant functional traits have been considered as reflecting adaptations to environmental variations, indirectly affecting ecosystem productivity. How soil acidification affects above- and belowground biomass by altering leaf and root traits remains poorly understood. We found divergent trait responses driven by soil environmental conditions in two dominant species, resulting in a decrease in aboveground biomass and an increase in belowground biomass.
Minhua Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Fangliang He
Biogeosciences, 21, 2133–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant sexual systems are important to understanding the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity. We quantified region effects on their proportions while incorporating local climate factors and evolutionary history. We found regional processes and climate effects both play important roles in shaping the geographic distribution of sexual systems, providing a baseline for predicting future changes in forest communities in the context of global change.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
Biogeosciences, 21, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave differently in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~ 2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences, 21, 1093–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low- to high-altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, which will have large implications for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Adriana Simonetti, Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva, Joaquim dos Santos, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, and Daniel Magnabosco Marra
Biogeosciences, 20, 3651–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Katharina Ramskogler, Bettina Knoflach, Bernhard Elsner, Brigitta Erschbamer, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Florentin Hofmeister, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Svenja Trautmann, Michael H. Wimmer, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 20, 2919–2939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Cited articles
Alvarez-Garreton, C., Mendoza, P. A., Boisier, J. P., Addor, N., Galleguillos, M., Zambrano-Bigiarini, M., Lara, A., Puelma, C., Cortes, G., Garreaud, R., McPhee, J., and Ayala, A.: The CAMELS-CL dataset: catchment attributes and meteorology for large sample studies – Chile dataset, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5817–5846, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5817-2018, 2018.
Attiwill, P. M.: The Disturbance of Forest Ecosystems – the Ecological Basis For Conservative Management, For. Ecol. Manage., 63, 247–300, 1994.
Bailly, J.-S., Kinzel, P. J., Allouis, T., Feurer, D., and Le Coarer, Y.: Airborne LiDAR Methods Applied to Riverin, in: Fluvial remote sensing for science and management, edited by: Carbonneau, P. E. and Piégay, H., Bd. 3, Chichester, Wiley-Blackwell (Advancing river restoration and management), ISBN 9780470714270, 2012.
Balsari, S., Dresser, C., and Leaning, J.: Climate Change, Migration, and Civil Strife, Curr. Env. Health Rep., 7, 404–414, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-020-00291-4, 2020.
Barnhart, K. R., Hutton, E. W. H., Tucker, G. E., Gasparini, N. M., Istanbulluoglu, E., Hobley, D. E. J., Lyons, N. J., Mouchene, M., Nudurupati, S. S., Adams, J. M., and Bandaragoda, C.: Short communication: Landlab v2.0: a software package for Earth surface dynamics, Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 379–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-379-2020, 2020.
Beer, C. M.: Bankrolling biodiversity: The politics of philanthropic conservation finance in Chile, Env. Plan. E: Nat. Space, 6, 1191–1213, https://doi.org/10.1177/25148486221108171, 2022.
Bidlack, A. L., Bisbing, S. M., Buma, B. J., Diefenderfer, H. L., Fellman, J. B., Floyd, W. C., Giesbrecht, I., Lally, A., Lertzman, K. P., Perakis, S. S., Butman, D. E., D'Amore, D. D., Fleming, S. W., Hood, E. W., Hunt, B. P. V., Kiffney, P., M., McNicol, G., Menounos, B., and Tank, S. E.: Climate-Mediated Changes to Linked Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems across the Northeast Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest Margin, BioSci., 71, 581–595, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa171, 2021.
Booth, A. M., Buma, B., and Nagorski, S.: Effects of Landslides on Terrestrial Carbon Stocks With a Coupled Geomorphic-Biologic Model: Southeast Alaska, United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci., 128, e2022JG007297, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JG007297, 2023.
Brantley, S. L., Goldhaber, M. B., and Ragnarsdottir, K. V.: Crossing Disciplines and Scales to Understand the Critical Zone, Elements, 3, 307–314, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.3.5.307, 2007.
Brantley, S. L., McDowell, W. H., Dietrich, W. E., White, T. S., Kumar, P., Anderson, S. P., Chorover, J., Lohse, K. A., Bales, R. C., Richter, D. D., Grant, G., and Gaillardet, J.: Designing a network of critical zone observatories to explore the living skin of the terrestrial Earth, Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 841–860, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-841-2017, 2017a.
Brantley, S. L., Eissenstat, D. M., Marshall, J. A., Godsey, S. E., Balogh-Brunstad, Z., Karwan, D. L., Papuga, S. A., Roering, J., Dawson, T. E., Evaristo, J., Chadwick, O., McDonnell, J. J., and Weathers, K. C.: Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone, Biogeosciences, 14, 5115–5142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017, 2017b.
Buma, B. and Johnson, A. C.: The role of windstorm exposure and yellow cedar decline on landslide susceptibility in southeast Alaskan temperate rainforests, Geomorphology, 228, 504–511, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.10.014, 2015.
Buma, B., Batllori, E., Bisbing, S., Holz, A., Saunders, S., L. Bidlack, A., Creutzburg, M. K., DellaSala, D. A., Gregovich, D., Hennon, P., Krapek, J., Moritz, M. A., and Zaret, K.: Emergent freeze and fire disturbance dynamics in temperate rainforests, Austral. Ecol., 44, 812–826, https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12751, 2019.
Clark, J. S. and McLachlan, J. S.: Stability of forest biodiversity, Nature, 423, 635–638, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01632, 2003.
Cook, K. L. and Dietze, M.: Seismic Advances in Process Geomorphology, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 50, 183–204, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-085133, 2022.
Coronato, F. R.: Wind chill factor applied to Patagonian climatology, Int. J. Biometeorol., 37, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01212759, 1993.
Croissant, T., Hilton, R. G., Li, G. K., Howarth, J., Wang, J., Harvey, E. L., Steer, P., and Densmore, A. L.: Pulsed carbon export from mountains by earthquake-triggered landslides explored in a reduced-complexity model, Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 823–844, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-823-2021, 2021.
Cui, X., Bianchi, T. S., Savage, C., and Smith, R. W.: Organic carbon burial in fjords: Terrestrial versus marine inputs, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 451, 41–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.003, 2016.
Dadson, S. J., Hovius, N., Chen, H., Dade, W. B., Lin, J. C., Hsu, M. L., Lin, C.-W., Horng, M.-J., Chen, T.-C., Milliman, J., and Stark, C.-P.: Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 733–736, 2004.
de Langre, E.: Effects of Wind on Plants, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 40, 141–168, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102135, 2008.
DellaSala, D. A.: Temperate and Boreal Rainforests of the World: Ecology and Conservation, Washington, DC, Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-008-8, 2011.
Dietze, M., Lagarde, S., Halfi, E., Laronne, J. B., and Turowski, J. M.: Joint sensing of bedload flux and water depth by seismic data inversion, Water Resour. Res., 55, 9892–9904, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026072, 2019.
Dietze, M., Cook, K. L., Illien, L., Rach, O., Puffpaff, S., Stodian, I., and Hovius, N.: Impact of Nested Moisture Cycles on Coastal Chalk Cliff Failure Revealed by Multiseasonal Seismic and Topographic Surveys, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 125, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005487, 2020.
Dietze, M., Hoffmann, T., Bell, R., Schrott, L., and Hovius, N.: A seismic approach to flood detection and characterization in upland catchments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL100170, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100170, 2022.
Drake, F., Emanuelli, P., and Acuña, E.: Compendio de funciones dendrométricas del bosque nativo, Santiago de Chile, CONAF GTZ, https://bibliotecadigital.ciren.cl/items/9e2c4ff0-c14a-414c-a6fd-fe73295eda8b (last access: 26 March 2024), 2003.
Duncanson, L., Kellner J., Armston, J., Dubayah, R., Minor, D. , Hancock, S., Healey, S., Patterson, P., Saarela, S., Marselis, S., Silva, C., Bruening, J., Goetz, S., Tang, H., Hofton, M., Blair, B., Luthcke, S., Fatoyinbo, L., Abernethy, K., Alonso, A., Andersen, H.-E., Aplin, P., Baker, T., Barbier, N., Bastin, J., Biber, P., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Boschetti, L., Brehm Boucher, P., Boyd, D., Burslem, D., Calvo-Rodriguez, S., Chave, J., Chazdon, R., Clark, D., Clark, D., Cohen, W., Coomes, D., Corona, P., Cushman, P., Cutler, M., Dalling, J., Dalponte, M., Dash, J., de-Miguel, S., Deng, S., Woods Ellis, P., Erasmus, B., Fekety, P., Fernandez-Landa, A., Ferraz, A., Fischer, R., Fisher, A., García-Abril, A., Gobakken, T., Hacker, J., Heurich, M., Hill, R., Hopkinson, C., Huang, H., Hubbell, S., Hudak, A., Huth, A., Imbach, B., Jeffery, K., Katoh, M., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kljun, N., Knapp, N., Král, K., Krůček, M., Labrière, N., Lewis, S., Longo, M., Lucas, R., Main, R., Manzanera, J., Vásquez Martínez, R., Mathieu, R., Memiaghe, H., Meyer, V., Mendoza, A., Monerris, A., Montesano, P., Morsdorf, F., Næsset, E., Naidoo, L., Nilus, R. O'Brien, M., Orwig, D., Papathanassiou, K., Parker, G., Philipson, C., Phillips, O., Pisek, J., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Rüdiger, C., Saatchi, S., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A., Sanchez-Lopez, N., Scholes, R., Silva, C., Simard, S., Skidmore, A., Stereńczak, K., Tanase, M., Torresan, C., Valbuena, R., Verbeeck, H., Vrska, T., Wessels, K., White, J., White, L., Zahabu, E., and Zgraggen, C.: Aboveground biomass density models for NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar mission, Remote Sens. Environ., 270, 112845, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112845, 2022.
Fernandez, M. and Castilla, J. C.: Marine Conservation in Chile: Historical Perspective, Lessons, and Challenges, Cons. Biol., 19, 1752–1762, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00277.x, 2005.
Fischer, R., Bohn, F., Dantas de Paula, M., Dislich, C., Groeneveld, J., Gutiérrez, A. G., Kazmierczak, M., Knapp, N., Lehmann, S., Paulick, S., Pütz, S., Rödig, E., Taubert, F., Köhler, P., and Huth, A.: Lessons learned from applying a forest gap model to understand ecosystem and carbon dynamics of complex tropical forests, Ecol. Model., 326, 124–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.11.018, 2016.
Frith, N. V., Hilton, R. G., Howarth, J. D., Gröcke, D. R., Fitzsimons, S. J., Croissant, T., Wang, J., McClymont, E. L., Dahl, J., and Densmore, A. L.: Carbon export from mountain forests enhanced by earthquake-triggered landslides over millennia, Nat. Geosci., 11, 772–776, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0216-3, 2018.
Fustos-Toribio, I., Manque-Roa, N., Vásquez Antipan, D., Hermosilla Sotomayor, M., and Letelier Gonzalez, V.: Rainfall-induced landslide early warning system based on corrected mesoscale numerical models: an application for the southern Andes, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2169–2183, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2169-2022, 2022.
Giesbrecht, I. J. W., Tank, S. E., Frazer, G. W., Hood, E., Gonzalez A., Santiago G., Butman, D. E., D'Amore, D. V., Hutchinson, D., Bidlack, A., and Lertzman, K. P.: Watershed Classification Predicts Streamflow Regime and Organic Carbon Dynamics in the Northeast Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 36, e2021GB007047, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007047, 2022.
Gill, J. C. and Malamud, B. D.: Reviewing and visualizing the interactions of natural hazards, Rev. Geophys., 52, 680–722, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RG000445, 2014.
Gutiérrez, A. G. and Huth, A.: Successional stages of primary temperate rainforests of Chiloé Island, Chile. Persp. Plant Ecol., Evol. Syst., 14, 243–256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2012.01.004, 2012.
Guzzetti, F., Peruccacci, S., Rossi, M., and Stark, C. P.: The rainfall intensity–duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update, Landslides, 5, 3–17, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-007-0112-1, 2018.
Hale, S. E., Gardiner, B., Peace, A., Nicoll, B., Taylor, P., and Pizzirani, S.: Comparison and validation of three versions of a forest wind risk model, Environ. Modell. Softw., 68, 27–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.01.016, 2015.
He, Y., Chen, G., Potter, C., and Meentemeyer, R. K.: Integrating multi-sensor remote sensing and species distribution modeling to map the spread of emerging forest disease and tree mortality, Remote Sens. Environ., 231, 111238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111238, 2019.
Heinrich, P.: Visiting a Very Large Paradise, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/30/travel/visiting-a-very-large-paradise.html (last access: 25 March 2024), 2000.
Hilton, R. G., Meunier, P., Hovius, N., Bellingham, P. J., and Galy, A.: Landslide impact on organic carbon cycling in a temperate montane forest, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 36, 1670–1679, 2011.
Hobley, D. E. J., Adams, J. M., Nudurupati, S. S., Hutton, E. W. H., Gasparini, N. M., Istanbulluoglu, E., and Tucker, G. E.: Creative computing with Landlab: an open-source toolkit for building, coupling, and exploring two-dimensional numerical models of Earth-surface dynamics, Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 21–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-21-2017, 2017.
Iroumé, A., Mao, L., Andreoli, A., Ulloa, H., and Ardiles, M. P.: Large wood mobility processes in low-order Chilean river channels, Geomorphology, 228, 681–693, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.10.025, 2015.
Jackson, T. D., Sethi, S., Dellwik, E., Angelou, N., Bunce, A., van Emmerik, T., Duperat, M., Ruel, J.-C., Wellpott, A., Van Bloem, S., Achim, A., Kane, B., Ciruzzi, D. M., Loheide II, S. P., James, K., Burcham, D., Moore, J., Schindler, D., Kolbe, S., Wiegmann, K., Rudnicki, M., Lieffers, V. J., Selker, J., Gougherty, A. V., Newson, T., Koeser, A., Miesbauer, J., Samelson, R., Wagner, J., Ambrose, A. R., Detter, A., Rust, S., Coomes, D., and Gardiner, B.: The motion of trees in the wind: a data synthesis, Biogeosciences, 18, 4059–4072, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4059-2021, 2021.
Jain, T. B.: Northwest research experimental forests: A hundred years in the making, West. Forest., 60, 1–4, 2015.
Keith, H., Mackey, B. G., and Lindenmayer, D. B.: Re-evaluation of forest biomass carbon stocks and lessons from the world's most carbon-dense forests, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 11635–11640, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901970106, 2009.
Korup, O., Seidemann, J., and Mohr, C. H.: Increased landslide activity on forested hillslopes following two recent volcanic eruptions in Chile, Nat. Geosci., 12, 284–290, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0315-9, 2019.
Kramer, M. G., Sollins, P., and Sletten, R. S.: Soil carbon dynamics across a windthrow disturbance sequence in southeast Alaska, Ecology, 85, 2230–2244, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-4098, 2004.
La Barrera, F., de Reyes-Paecke, S., and Meza, L.: Landscape analysis for rapid ecological assessment of relocation alternatives for a devastated city, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 84, 181–194, 2011.
Lutz, J. A. and Halpern, C. B.: Tree mortality during early forest development: A long-term study of rates, causes, and consequences, Ecol. Monogr., 76, 257–275, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0257:TMDEFD]2.0.CO;2, 2006.
McNicol, G., Bulmer, C., D'Amore, D., Sanborn, P., Saunders, S., Giesbrecht, I. J. W., Gonzalez-Arriola, S., Bidlack, A., Butman, D., and Buma, B.: Large, climate-sensitive soil carbon stocks mapped with pedology-informed machine learning in the North Pacific coastal temperate rainforest, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 014004, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaed52, 2018.
Mohr, C. H., Korup, O., Ulloa, H., and Iroumé, A.: Pyroclastic Eruption Boosts Organic Carbon Fluxes Into Patagonian Fjords, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 31, 1626–1638, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005647, 2017.
Mohr, C. H., Tolorza, V., Georgieva, V., Munack, H., Wilcken, K. M., Fülöp, R.-H., Codilean, A., Parra, E., and Carretier, S.: Dense vegetation promotes denudation in Patagonian rainforests, Earth Space Sci. Open Arch., 40, 1–40, https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10511846.1, 2022.
Morales, B., Lizama, E., Somos-Valenzuela, M. A., Lillo-Saavedra, M., Chen, N., and Fustos, I.: A comparative machine learning approach to identify landslide triggering factors in northern Chilean Patagonia, Landslides, 18, 2767–2784, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01675-9, 2021.
Oakley, D. O. S., Forsythe, B., Gu, X., Nyblade, A. A., and Brantley, S. L.: Seismic Ambient Noise Analyses Reveal Changing Temperature and Water Signals to 10 s of Meters Depth in the Critical Zone, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 126, e2020JF005823, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005823, 2021.
Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P. E., Kurz, W. A., Phillips, O. L., Shvidenko, A., Lewis, S. L., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Pacala, S. W., McGuire, D., Piao, S., Rautiainen, A., Sitch, S., and Hayes, D.: A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World's Forests, Science, 333, 988–993, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201609, 2011.
Parra, E., Mohr, C. H., and Korup, O.: Predicting Patagonian Landslides: Roles of Forest Cover and Wind Speed, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL095224, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095224, 2021.
Perez-Quezada, J. F., Moncada, M., Barrales, P., Urrutia-Jalabert, R., Pfeiffer, M., Herrera, A., and Farías; S.: How much carbon is stored in the terrestrial ecosystems of the Chilean Patagonia?, Austral. Ecol., 48, 893–903, https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.13331, 2023.
Perren, B. B., Hodgson, D. A., Roberts, S. J., Sime, L., van Nieuwenhuyze, W., Verleyen, E., and Vyverman, W.: Southward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds corresponds with warming climate over centennial timescales, Commun. Earth Environ., 1, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00059-6, 2020.
Rasigraf, O. and Wagner, D.: Landslides: An emerging model for ecosystem and soil chronosequence research, Earth-Sci. Rev., 231, 104064, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104064, 2022.
Richter, D. and Billings, S. A.: “One physical system”: Tansley's ecosystem as Earth's critical zone, New Phytol., 206, 900–912, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13338, 2015.
Richter, D. D., Billings, S. A., Groffman, P. M., Kelly, E. F., Lohse, K. A., McDowell, W. H., White, T. S., Anderson, S., Baldocchi, D. D., Banwart, S., Brantley, S., Braun, J. J., Brecheisen, Z. S., Cook, C. W., Hartnett, H. E., Hobbie, S. E., Gaillardet, J., Jobbagy, E., Jungkunst, H. F., Kazanski, C. E., Krishnaswamy, J., Markewitz, D., O'Neill, K., Riebe, C. S., Schroeder, P., Siebe, C., Silver, W. L., Thompson, A., Verhoef, A., and Zhang, G.: Ideas and perspectives: Strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks, Biogeosciences, 15, 4815–4832, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4815-2018, 2018.
Rozzi, R., Silander, J., Armesto, J. J., Feinsinger, P., and Massardo, F.: Three levels of integrating ecology with the conservation of South American temperate forests: the initiative of the Institute of Ecological Research Chiloé, Chile, Biodiv. Conserv., 9, 1199–1217, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008909121715, 2000.
Ruiz-Villanueva, V., Wyżga, B., Zawiejska, J., Hajdukiewicz, M., and Stoffel, M.: Factors controlling large-wood transport in a mountain river, Geomorphology, 272, 21–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.04.004, 2016.
Rulli, M. C., Meneguzzo, F., and Rosso, R.: Wind control of storm-triggered shallow landslides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028613, 2007.
Sanhueza, D., Picco, L., Ruiz-Villanueva, V., Iroumé, A., Ulloa, H., and Barrientos, G.: Quantification of fluvial wood using UAVs and structure from motion, Geomorphology, 345, 106837, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106837, 2019.
Santoro, M.: GlobBiomass – global datasets of forest biomass, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894711, 2018.
Schneider, W., Pérez-Santos, I., Ross, L., Bravo, L., Seguel, R., and Hernández, F.: On the hydrography of Puyuhuapi Channel, Chilean Patagonia, Progr. Oceanogr., 129, 8–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.03.007, 2014.
Searle, E. B., Chen, H. Y. H., and Paquette, A.: Higher tree diversity is linked to higher tree mortality, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 119, e2013171119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013171119, 2022.
Seidl, R., Rammer, W., and Blennow, K.: Simulating wind disturbance impacts on forest landscapes: Tree-level heterogeneity matters, Environ. Modell. Softw., 51, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.09.018, 2014a.
Seidl, R., Schelhaas, M.-J., Rammer, W., and Verkerk, P. J.: Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage, Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 806, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2318, 2014b.
Sepúlveda, S. A., Serey, A., Lara, M., Pavez, A., and Rebolledo, S.: Landslides induced by the April 2007 Aysén Fjord earthquake, Chilean Patagonia. Landslides, 7, 483–492, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-010-0203-2, 2010.
Sidle, R. C.: A theoretical model of the effects of timber harvesting on slope stability, Water Resour. Res., 28, 1897–1910, https://doi.org/10.1029/92wr00804, 1992.
Silva, C. A., Hudak, A. T., Vierling, L. A., Valbuena, R., Cardil, A., Mohan, M., Alves de Almeida, D. R., Broadbent, E. N., Almeyda Zambrano, A. M., Wilkinson, B., Sharma, A., Drake, J. B., Medley, P. B., Vogel, J. G., Atticciati Prata, G., Atkins, J. W., Hamamura, C., Johnson, D. J., and Klauberg, C.: treetop: A Shiny-based application and R package for extracting forest information from LiDAR data for ecologists and conservationists, Methods Ecol. Evol., 13, 1164–1176, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13830, 2022.
Smith, R. W., Bianchi, T. S., Allison, M., Savage, C., and Galy, V.: High rates of organic carbon burial in fjord sediments globally, Nat. Geosci., 8, 450–453, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2421, 2015.
Sommerfeld, A., Senf, C., Buma, B., D'Amato, A. W., Després, T., Díaz-Hormazábal, I., Fraver, S., Frelich, L. E., Gutiérrez, A. G., Hart, S. J., Harvey, B., J., He, H. S., Hlasny, T., Holz, A., Kitzberger, T., Kulakowski, D., Lindenmayer, D., Mori, A. S., Mueller, J., Paritsis, J., Perry, G. L. W., Stephens, S. L., Svoboda, M., Turner, M. G., and Seidl, R.: Patterns and drivers of recent disturbances across the temperate forest biome, Nat. Commun., 9, 4355, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06788-9, 2018.
Spors, S., Istanbulluoglu, E., Tolorza, V., and Mohr, C.: Suicidal forests? – Modelling biomass surcharge as a potential landslide driver in temperate rainforests of Chilean Patagonia, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-4002, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-4002, 2022.
Swanson, F. J., Jones, J. A., Crisafulli, C. M., and Lara, A.: Effects of volcanic and hydrologic processes on forest vegetation: Chaitén Volcano, Chile, Andean. Geol., 40,359–391, 2013.
Swanson, F. J., Gregory, S. V., Iroumé, A., Ruiz-Villanueva, V., and Wohl, E.: Reflections on the history of research on large wood in rivers, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 46, 55–66, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4814, 2021.
Tecklin, D., DellaSala, D. A., Luebert, F., and Pliscoff, P.: Valdivian Temperate Rainforests of Chile and Argentina, in: Temperate and Boreal Rainforests of the World: Ecology and Conservation, edited by: DellaSalla, D. D., Washington, DC, Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 132–153, https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-008-8_5, 2011.
Tonon, A., Iroumé, A., Picco, L., Oss-Cazzador, D., and Lenzi, M. A.: Temporal variations of large wood abundance and mobility in the Blanco River affected by the Chaitén volcanic eruption, southern Chile, Catena, 156, 149–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.03.025, 2017.
Ulloa, H., Iroumé, A., Picco, L., Korup, O., Lenzi, M. A., Mao, L., and Ravazzolo, D.: Massive biomass flushing despite modest channel response in the Rayas River following the 2008 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile, Geomorphology, 250, 397–406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.09.019, 2015.
Uriarte, M., Thompson, J., and Zimmerman, J. K.: Hurricane María tripled stem breaks and doubled tree mortality relative to other major storms, Nat. Commun., 10, 1362, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09319-2, 2019.
Urrutia-Jalabert, R., Malhi, Y., and Lara, A.: The Oldest, Slowest Rainforests in the World?, Massive Biomass and Slow Carbon Dynamics of Fitzroya cupressoides Temperate Forests in Southern Chile, PloS One, 10, e0137569, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137569, 2015.
Vanacker, V., von Blanckenburg, F., Govers, G., Molina, A., Poesen, J., Deckers, J., and Kubik, P.: Restoring dense vegetation can slow mountain erosion to near natural benchmark levels, Geology, 35, 303, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23109A.1, 2007.
Vascik, B. A., Booth, A. M., Buma, B., and Berti, M.: Estimated Amounts and Rates of Carbon Mobilized by Landsliding in Old-Growth Temperate Forests of SE Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 126, e2021JG006321, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006321, 2021.
Vorpahl, P., Elsenbeer, H., Marker, M., and Schroder, B.: How can statistical models help to determine driving factors of landslides?, Ecol. Model., 239, 27–39, 2012.
Walker, L. R. and Shiels, A. B.: Landslide Ecology, Cambridge University Press (Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation), Cambridge, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511978685, 2012.
Wang, C. Y.: Liquefaction beyond the Near Field, Seismol. Res. Lett., 78, 512–517, 2007.
Wang, J. Z., Hilton, R. G., Zhang, F., Li, G., Densmore, A. L., Gröcke, D. R., Xu, X., and West, A. J.: Earthquake-triggered increase in biospheric carbon export from a mountain belt, Geology, 44, 471–474, https://doi.org/10.1130/g37533.1, 2016.
Wang, Z., van Oost, K., and Govers, G.: Predicting the long-term fate of buried organic carbon in colluvial soils, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 65–79, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004912, 2015.
West, A. J., Lin, C. W., Lin, T. C., Hilton, R. G., Liu, S. H., Chang, C. T., Lin, K.-C., Galy, A., Sparkes, R. B., and Hovius, N.: Mobilization and transport of coarse woody debris to the oceans triggered by an extreme tropical storm, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56, 77–85, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0077, 2011.
Wohl, E. E.: Mountain rivers revisited, AGU Water Resources Monograph, 19, American Geophysical Union, https://doi.org/10.1029/WM019, 2010.
Zhuang, Y., Xing, A., Petley, D., Jiang, Y., Sun, Q., Bilal, M., and Yan, J.: Elucidating the impact of trees on landslide initiation throughout a typhoon: Preferential infiltration, wind load and root reinforcement, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 48, 3128–3141, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5686, 2023.
Co-editor-in-chief
This paper describes an extensive Critical Zone Observatory in a unique Patagonian Coastal Rainforest. The authors make a compelling argument for studying the ecological, biogeological, and hydrological value of this Rainforest type and present a comprehensive measurement approach for quantifying water and trace gas fluxes and the environmental drivers to which they respond including disturbance regimes as measured in part by seismology.
This paper describes an extensive Critical Zone Observatory in a unique Patagonian Coastal...
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically underrepresented in the global network of critical zone observatories (CZOs). Introducing here a first CZO in the heart of the Patagonian rainforest, Chile, we investigate carbon sink functioning, biota-driven landscape evolution, fluxes of matter and energy, and disturbance regimes. We invite the community to join us in cross-disciplinary collaboration to advance science in this particular environment.
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint