Articles | Volume 21, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 May 2024
Research article |
| 15 May 2024
| 15 May 2024
Influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement with olivine or steel slag on a coastal plankton community in Tasmania
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (AAPP), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
Robert F. Strzepek
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (AAPP), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
Kerrie M. Swadling
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (AAPP), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
Ashley T. Townsend
Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia
Lennart T. Bach
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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Cited
35 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Alkaline mineral dissolution can impair embryonic development in the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas), raising caution for ocean alkalinity enhancement F. Pernet et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsag011
- Guidance on integrating marine environmental impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement into life cycle assessment M. Delval et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-026-02707-z
- Assessment of solid ikaite release into seawater – implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement S. Baltruschat et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106781
- Differential responses of size-fractionated eukaryotic microalgae to ocean alkalinity enhancement in oligotrophic seawaters H. Bian et al. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00092-26
- Olivine-induced seasonal dynamics of eukaryotic microalgal and bacterial assemblages in mid-latitude nearshore marine ecosystems H. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117964
- Metal bioaccumulation from diatoms to Antarctic krill under ocean alkalinity enhancement with steel slag J. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsag066
- Resilience of Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton Communities under Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement in the Oligotrophic Ocean X. Xin et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c09838
- Influence of Alkalinity Enhancement with Olivine or Steel Slag on a Bacterial Community in Activated Sludge Systems H. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17233355
- Influence of suspended particulate matter input on phytoplankton community structure in estuarine environments X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.108069
- Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) L. Bach et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024
- Ocean liming effect on a North Atlantic microbial community: changes in composition and rates I. de Castro et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1602158
- The effect of ocean alkalinity enhancement on zooplankton standing stock and community composition in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: a mesocosm study A. Nocera et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107489
- Manganese Oxide-Mediated Reactions with Olivine Dissolution Products: A Double-Edged Sword for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement W. Zhuang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c16120
- Potential Environmental Impacts and Management Strategies for Metal Release during Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Using Olivine W. Zhuang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c10705
- Brucite-inspired ocean alkalinity enhancement alters the biogeochemistry and composition of a phytoplankton community: a Santa Barbara channel case report Z. Welch et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae1752
- Subsurface dissolution reduces the efficiency of mineral-based open-ocean alkalinity enhancement F. Burger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3279-2026
- Review and syntheses: Ocean alkalinity enhancement and carbon dioxide removal through marine enhanced rock weathering using olivine L. Geerts et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-355-2025
- Alkalinity factory can achieve positive climate benefits within decades Q. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145406
- Perspectives and challenges of marine carbon dioxide removal A. Oschlies et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1506181
- The Verification Challenge of Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal K. Fennel https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032123-025717
- Carbon dioxide removal efficiency of iron and steel slag in seawater via ocean alkalinity enhancement C. Moras et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1396487
- A new indicator can assess absorption capacity for carbon dioxide and ocean acidification Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02380-4
- Assessing the efficacy of river-based ocean alkalinity enhancement for carbon sequestration under high emission pathways X. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-7293-2025
- Nickel from olivine dissolution induces diel photodamage and metabolic adjustment in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis C. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.143058
- Mining waste-driven carbon capture via ocean alkalinity enhancement N. Gregorich et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2026.100629
- Resilience of the gelatinous zooplankton species Oikopleura dioica to ocean alkalinity enhancement A. Bhaumik et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344503
- Impact on oysters in first-of-its-kind field trial of marine Enhanced Rock Weathering (mERW) with olivine as carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy E. Jankowska et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2026.1851765
- Resilience to Alkalinity Perturbations Reveals Ecosystem Stability under Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0157
- Enhancing alkalinity in Ria Formosa by deployment of alkaline substrates: variability in nutrients concentration and fluxes A. Cravo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.107986
- Influence of Inorganic Nutrients on a North Atlantic Microbial Community’s Response to Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement I. de Castro et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans6040065
- A high-resolution nested model to study the effects of alkalinity additions in Halifax Harbour, a mid-latitude coastal fjord A. Laurent et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-115-2026
- Ocean alkalinity enhancement reduces silica ballasting during export due to amplified dissolution P. Suessle et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-4691-2026
- Effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement on plankton in the Equatorial Pacific J. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02248-7
- Assessing the impacts of simulated ocean alkalinity enhancement on viability and growth of nearshore species of phytoplankton J. Oberlander et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-499-2025
- Leaching mechanism of Ca and Mg from converter steel slag in seawater K. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.119805
35 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Alkaline mineral dissolution can impair embryonic development in the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas), raising caution for ocean alkalinity enhancement F. Pernet et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsag011
- Guidance on integrating marine environmental impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement into life cycle assessment M. Delval et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-026-02707-z
- Assessment of solid ikaite release into seawater – implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement S. Baltruschat et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106781
- Differential responses of size-fractionated eukaryotic microalgae to ocean alkalinity enhancement in oligotrophic seawaters H. Bian et al. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00092-26
- Olivine-induced seasonal dynamics of eukaryotic microalgal and bacterial assemblages in mid-latitude nearshore marine ecosystems H. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117964
- Metal bioaccumulation from diatoms to Antarctic krill under ocean alkalinity enhancement with steel slag J. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsag066
- Resilience of Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton Communities under Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement in the Oligotrophic Ocean X. Xin et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c09838
- Influence of Alkalinity Enhancement with Olivine or Steel Slag on a Bacterial Community in Activated Sludge Systems H. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17233355
- Influence of suspended particulate matter input on phytoplankton community structure in estuarine environments X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.108069
- Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) L. Bach et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024
- Ocean liming effect on a North Atlantic microbial community: changes in composition and rates I. de Castro et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1602158
- The effect of ocean alkalinity enhancement on zooplankton standing stock and community composition in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: a mesocosm study A. Nocera et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107489
- Manganese Oxide-Mediated Reactions with Olivine Dissolution Products: A Double-Edged Sword for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement W. Zhuang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c16120
- Potential Environmental Impacts and Management Strategies for Metal Release during Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Using Olivine W. Zhuang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c10705
- Brucite-inspired ocean alkalinity enhancement alters the biogeochemistry and composition of a phytoplankton community: a Santa Barbara channel case report Z. Welch et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae1752
- Subsurface dissolution reduces the efficiency of mineral-based open-ocean alkalinity enhancement F. Burger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3279-2026
- Review and syntheses: Ocean alkalinity enhancement and carbon dioxide removal through marine enhanced rock weathering using olivine L. Geerts et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-355-2025
- Alkalinity factory can achieve positive climate benefits within decades Q. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145406
- Perspectives and challenges of marine carbon dioxide removal A. Oschlies et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1506181
- The Verification Challenge of Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal K. Fennel https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032123-025717
- Carbon dioxide removal efficiency of iron and steel slag in seawater via ocean alkalinity enhancement C. Moras et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1396487
- A new indicator can assess absorption capacity for carbon dioxide and ocean acidification Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02380-4
- Assessing the efficacy of river-based ocean alkalinity enhancement for carbon sequestration under high emission pathways X. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-7293-2025
- Nickel from olivine dissolution induces diel photodamage and metabolic adjustment in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis C. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.143058
- Mining waste-driven carbon capture via ocean alkalinity enhancement N. Gregorich et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2026.100629
- Resilience of the gelatinous zooplankton species Oikopleura dioica to ocean alkalinity enhancement A. Bhaumik et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344503
- Impact on oysters in first-of-its-kind field trial of marine Enhanced Rock Weathering (mERW) with olivine as carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy E. Jankowska et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2026.1851765
- Resilience to Alkalinity Perturbations Reveals Ecosystem Stability under Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0157
- Enhancing alkalinity in Ria Formosa by deployment of alkaline substrates: variability in nutrients concentration and fluxes A. Cravo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.107986
- Influence of Inorganic Nutrients on a North Atlantic Microbial Community’s Response to Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement I. de Castro et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans6040065
- A high-resolution nested model to study the effects of alkalinity additions in Halifax Harbour, a mid-latitude coastal fjord A. Laurent et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-115-2026
- Ocean alkalinity enhancement reduces silica ballasting during export due to amplified dissolution P. Suessle et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-4691-2026
- Effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement on plankton in the Equatorial Pacific J. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02248-7
- Assessing the impacts of simulated ocean alkalinity enhancement on viability and growth of nearshore species of phytoplankton J. Oberlander et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-499-2025
- Leaching mechanism of Ca and Mg from converter steel slag in seawater K. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.119805
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 21 Aug 2026
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement aims to increase atmospheric CO2 sequestration by adding alkaline materials to the ocean. We assessed the environmental effects of olivine and steel slag powder on coastal plankton. Overall, slag is more efficient than olivine in releasing total alkalinity and, thus, in its ability to sequester CO2. Slag also had less environmental effect on the enclosed plankton communities when considering its higher CO2 removal potential based on this 3-week experiment.
Ocean alkalinity enhancement aims to increase atmospheric CO2 sequestration by adding alkaline...
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