Articles | Volume 21, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement
Charly A. Moras
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
Tyler Cyronak
Institute for Coastal Plain Science, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA, USA
Lennart T. Bach
Ecology & Biodiversity, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
Renaud Joannes-Boyau
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
Kai G. Schulz
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Utilizing wastewater treatment plants to enhance ocean carbon sequestration: opportunities and challenges of alkalinity enhancement technology X. Tong et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/CSB-2025-5312
- Effects Carbon Dioxide Curing on 3D Printed Cement Paste Incorporating Magnesium Oxide A. Akca & S. Kawashima https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1696395
- Nickel extraction from olivine using waste acid from an electrochemical marine CO2 removal process A. Robinson et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00850F
- Slaking quicklime with seawater for open-ocean alkalinity enhancement: technical feasibility and cost implications M. Duret et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2026.1824086
- Cementing Marine Sands Wetted with Chemically Distinct Seawaters via Electrodeposition Y. Kwon et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-14770
- Mineral formation during shipboard ocean alkalinity enhancement experiments in the North Atlantic M. Hashim et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-7149-2025
- Stability of alkalinity in the land-ocean transition zone: a geochemical CDR perspective for the Elbe River, Germany M. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adeeab
- Surface area and Ω-aragonite oversaturation as controls of the runaway precipitation process in ocean alkalinity enhancement N. Suitner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3965-2026
- Resilience to Alkalinity Perturbations Reveals Ecosystem Stability under Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0157
- The impact of NaOH, CaO, and [Ca2+] + [HCO3−] additions on PIC and POC formation in Los Angeles Harbor Waters R. Wani et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-5625-2026
- Modeling kinetics of wollastonite dissolution and carbonate precipitation in multi-ionic brine systems H. Sandhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.040
- Carbon fixation of a temperate plankton community in response to calcium- and silicate-based Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement using air-sea gas exchange measurements J. Schneider et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-137-2026
- Novel field trial for ocean alkalinity enhancement using electrochemically derived aqueous alkalinity A. Savoie et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenve.2025.1641277
- Mining waste-driven carbon capture via ocean alkalinity enhancement N. Gregorich et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2026.100629
- Manganese Oxide-Mediated Reactions with Olivine Dissolution Products: A Double-Edged Sword for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement W. Zhuang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c16120
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Utilizing wastewater treatment plants to enhance ocean carbon sequestration: opportunities and challenges of alkalinity enhancement technology X. Tong et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/CSB-2025-5312
- Effects Carbon Dioxide Curing on 3D Printed Cement Paste Incorporating Magnesium Oxide A. Akca & S. Kawashima https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1696395
- Nickel extraction from olivine using waste acid from an electrochemical marine CO2 removal process A. Robinson et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00850F
- Slaking quicklime with seawater for open-ocean alkalinity enhancement: technical feasibility and cost implications M. Duret et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2026.1824086
- Cementing Marine Sands Wetted with Chemically Distinct Seawaters via Electrodeposition Y. Kwon et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-14770
- Mineral formation during shipboard ocean alkalinity enhancement experiments in the North Atlantic M. Hashim et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-7149-2025
- Stability of alkalinity in the land-ocean transition zone: a geochemical CDR perspective for the Elbe River, Germany M. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adeeab
- Surface area and Ω-aragonite oversaturation as controls of the runaway precipitation process in ocean alkalinity enhancement N. Suitner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3965-2026
- Resilience to Alkalinity Perturbations Reveals Ecosystem Stability under Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0157
- The impact of NaOH, CaO, and [Ca2+] + [HCO3−] additions on PIC and POC formation in Los Angeles Harbor Waters R. Wani et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-5625-2026
- Modeling kinetics of wollastonite dissolution and carbonate precipitation in multi-ionic brine systems H. Sandhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.040
- Carbon fixation of a temperate plankton community in response to calcium- and silicate-based Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement using air-sea gas exchange measurements J. Schneider et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-137-2026
- Novel field trial for ocean alkalinity enhancement using electrochemically derived aqueous alkalinity A. Savoie et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenve.2025.1641277
- Mining waste-driven carbon capture via ocean alkalinity enhancement N. Gregorich et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2026.100629
- Manganese Oxide-Mediated Reactions with Olivine Dissolution Products: A Double-Edged Sword for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement W. Zhuang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c16120
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 19 Sep 2026
Short summary
We investigate the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics for ocean alkalinity enhancement. Salinity did not affect the dissolution, but calcium carbonate formed earlier at lower salinities due to the lower magnesium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Smaller grain sizes dissolved faster but calcium carbonate precipitated earlier, suggesting that medium grain sizes are optimal for kinetics.
We investigate the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide...
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