Biogeosciences
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Articles | Volume 22, issue 18
Articles | Volume 22, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4923-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4923-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 22, issue 18
Research article
 | Highlight paper
 | 
25 Sep 2025
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 25 Sep 2025

Multidecadal trends in CO2 evasion and aquatic metabolism in a large temperate river

An Truong Nguyen, Gwenaël Abril, Jacob S. Diamond, Raphaël Lamouroux, Cécile Martinet, and Florentina Moatar

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Abril, G. and Borges, A. V.: Ideas and perspectives: Carbon leaks from flooded land: do we need to replumb the inland water active pipe?, Biogeosciences, 16, 769–784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-769-2019, 2019. 
Abril, G., Bouillon, S., Darchambeau, F., Teodoru, C. R., Marwick, T. R., Tamooh, F., Ochieng Omengo, F., Geeraert, N., Deirmendjian, L., Polsenaere, P., and Borges, A. V.: Technical Note: Large overestimation of pCO2 calculated from pH and alkalinity in acidic, organic-rich freshwaters, Biogeosciences, 12, 67–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-67-2015, 2015. 
Aho, K. S., Hosen, J. D., Logozzo, L. A., McGillis, W. R., and Raymond, P. A.: Highest rates of gross primary productivity maintained despite CO 2 depletion in a temperate river network, Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett., 6, 200–206, https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10195, 2021. 
Amaral, J., Suhett, A., Melo, S., and Farjalla, V.: Seasonal variation and interaction of photodegradation and microbial metabolism of DOC in black water Amazonian ecosystems, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 70, 157–168, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01651, 2013. 
Appling, A. P., Hall, R. O., Yackulic, C. B., and Arroita, M.: Overcoming Equifinality: Leveraging Long Time Series for Stream Metabolism Estimation, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 123, 624–645, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004140, 2018. 
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This paper reports long-term metabolic shifts of a once eutrophic river based on a 32-year, high-frequency dataset from the Loire River, France. By comparing CO2 flux estimations from water chemistry data and metabolic modeling based on high-frequency oxygen measurements, the study demonstrates a metabolic shift from a eutrophic, phytoplankton-dominated regime to an oligotrophic, macrophyte-dominated regime around 2005. Building on a novel "trophlux states" framework, the analysis of this rare long-term dataset illustrates that riverine CO2 flux and its sources are dynamic within and across years, challenging the conventional understanding of simple relationships between riverine trophic status and carbon emissions.
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To understand the role of rivers in the global carbon cycle, this 32-year study tracked carbon dioxide in France's Loire River. We found emissions decreased over the long term, despite varying more than tenfold from year to year. While the river ecosystem shifted from algae to plant dominance, this decrease in emissions was primarily driven by reduced groundwater inputs. This shows that catchment-scale hydrology can be more important than in-river biology for a river's carbon footprint.
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