the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Lifestyle dependent occurrence of airborne fungi
Abstract. Fungi play important roles in the environment, agriculture, and human health. Most fungal species spread by wind-driven dispersal of spores, determining their occurrence and distribution in different environments. The dynamics of airborne fungi and their dependence on lifestyle and environmental conditions, however, are not well characterized. Here, we categorize the fungi detected in coarse and fine aerosol samples from continental boundary layer air using a lifestyle classification scheme that differentiates whether the fungi are (A) primarily associated to herbaceous or woody plants and (B), whether they are saprophytic, plant pathogenic, or surface inhabitants.
Herbaceous
fungi exhibit stronger seasonal variations and correlations with meteorological factors. We find two distinct clusters when viewing the distribution of the fungi between the coarse and fine size fractions. Pathogenic and surface-inhabiting herbaceous fungi are shifted towards the coarse size fraction, adapted to impaction on plant surfaces, while saprophytic fungi are shifted towards the fine fraction or are evenly distributed, adapted more to sedimentation and longer atmospheric residence times.
Wood
fungi display sporadic occurrences, seen for most saprophytes, or year-round occurrences with seasonal to polycyclic peaks seen amongst pathogens. In comparison to herbaceous fungi they show weaker correlations with meteorological factors. They display more even coarse-fine distributions, which may be an adaptation to the calm conditions beneath the forest canopy. The differences reflect lifestyle-dependent sporulation strategies which may facilitate and improve the assessment and forecasting of the abundance and spread of pathogenic fungi and related issues such as crop protection in view of land-use and climate change.
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RC1: 'prematurely submitted manuscript', Anonymous Referee #1, 07 Dec 2017
- AC1: 'Final response to referee #1', Daniel Pickersgill, 07 Mar 2018
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RC2: 'Reasonable extension of past work with some new methods and conclusions', Anonymous Referee #2, 13 Dec 2017
- AC2: 'Final response to referee #2', Daniel Pickersgill, 07 Mar 2018
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RC3: 'Referee comments', Cindy Morris, 29 Dec 2017
- AC3: 'Final response to referee #3 Cindy Morris', Daniel Pickersgill, 07 Mar 2018
-
RC1: 'prematurely submitted manuscript', Anonymous Referee #1, 07 Dec 2017
- AC1: 'Final response to referee #1', Daniel Pickersgill, 07 Mar 2018
-
RC2: 'Reasonable extension of past work with some new methods and conclusions', Anonymous Referee #2, 13 Dec 2017
- AC2: 'Final response to referee #2', Daniel Pickersgill, 07 Mar 2018
-
RC3: 'Referee comments', Cindy Morris, 29 Dec 2017
- AC3: 'Final response to referee #3 Cindy Morris', Daniel Pickersgill, 07 Mar 2018
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Cited
5 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A few Ascomycota taxa dominate soil fungal communities worldwide E. Egidi et al. 10.1038/s41467-019-10373-z
- Characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities and their associations with sugar compounds in atmospheric aerosols at a rural site in northern China M. Niu et al. 10.5194/bg-20-4915-2023
- Microbial composition in seasonal time series of free tropospheric air and precipitation reveals community separation N. Els et al. 10.1007/s10453-019-09606-x
- Beyond the planetary boundary layer: Bacterial and fungal vertical biogeography at Mount Sonnblick, Austria N. Els et al. 10.1002/geo2.69
- Seasonal and Site-Specific Patterns of Airborne Fungal Diversity Revealed Using Passive Spore Traps and High-Throughput DNA Sequencing A. Marčiulynas et al. 10.3390/d15040539