Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-76
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-76
05 May 2021
 | 05 May 2021
Status: this discussion paper is a preprint. It has been under review for the journal Biogeosciences (BG). The manuscript was not accepted for further review after discussion.

Fluorescent double labelling of F-actin in Foraminifera: evaluation of granular pattern F-actin organisation in reticulopodia

Jan Goleń, Jarosław Tyszka, and Karolina Godos

Abstract. This paper presents novel results of experiments focused on actin cytoskeleton organisation in pseudopodial structures of foraminifera. The main aim of this research was to test the hypotheses proposed to explain the previously reported granular pattern of F-actin labelling in several species of foraminifera with SiR-actin fluorescent probe. These hypotheses include the possibility that SiR-actin enhances the F-actin polymerisation or that it binds to other than F-actin compounds within foraminiferal cells, resulting in capturing the staining artefacts. The series of replicated experiments conducted on small miliolid Quinqueloculina sp. included double staining of F-actin with SiR-actin and phalloidin-based probes, complemented with observations of reticulopodia under the polarised light to identify the granules showing birefringence. All of performed experiments demonstrate highly congruent results expressed in SiR-actin and phalloidin co-labelling patterns, especially pronounced with the small granular objects (SiR-actin labelled granules or ALGs). Furthermore, the birefringence strongly tends to characterise primarily areas stained with both of the probes. These results rule out staining artefacts and support existence of actin cytoskeleton associated with micrometre-size motile granules. We discuss possible implications of this granular pattern that facilitates efficient formation and fast reorganization of extended granuloreticulopodia and other pseudopodial structures. If this is the case, they are one of the key evolutionary adaptations of these organisms that most likely predates the evolution of the foraminiferal tests that started in the early Palaeozoic.

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Jan Goleń, Jarosław Tyszka, and Karolina Godos

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on bg-2021-76', Jutta Wollenburg, 20 May 2021
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jan Goleń, 15 Jun 2021
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC1', Jan Goleń, 07 Jul 2021
  • RC2: 'Comment on bg-2021-76', Takashi Toyofuku, 30 May 2021
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jan Goleń, 15 Jun 2021
    • AC4: 'Reply on RC2', Jan Goleń, 07 Jul 2021

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on bg-2021-76', Jutta Wollenburg, 20 May 2021
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jan Goleń, 15 Jun 2021
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC1', Jan Goleń, 07 Jul 2021
  • RC2: 'Comment on bg-2021-76', Takashi Toyofuku, 30 May 2021
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jan Goleń, 15 Jun 2021
    • AC4: 'Reply on RC2', Jan Goleń, 07 Jul 2021
Jan Goleń, Jarosław Tyszka, and Karolina Godos

Video supplement

Movie S2. Z-stack of granuloreticulopodia of Quinqueloculina sp. Goleń, Jan; Tyszka, Jarosław; Godos, Karolina https://av.tib.eu/media/51971

Movie S1. Fixation of granuloreticulopodia of Amphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny Goleń, Jan; Tyszka, Jarosław; Godos, Karolina https://doi.org/10.5446/51970

Jan Goleń, Jarosław Tyszka, and Karolina Godos

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Short summary
We present images of foraminiferal pseudopodia stained with two different actin-labelling fluorescent probes (SiR-actin and Phalloidin Atto 488) showing very similar staining patterns. The highest intensity of fluorescence in both channels is observed in micrometre-sized granules. These observations allow for rejection the staining artefacts hypotheses and support the possibility that these granules contain physiologically functional form of actin cytoskeleton in foraminifera.
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