Articles | Volume 11, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4057-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4057-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Aug 2014
Research article |
| 01 Aug 2014
Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) systems: present status and future developments
J.-P. Gattuso
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
W. Kirkwood
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
J. P. Barry
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
E. Cox
CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
F. Gazeau
CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
L. Hansson
Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre, IAEA-Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
I. Hendriks
Global Change department, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, C/ Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles (Mallorca), Spain
D.I. Kline
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Integrative Oceanography Division, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0218, La Jolla, CA 92093–0218, USA
P. Mahacek
CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
S. Martin
CNRS, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
P. McElhany
Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
E. T. Peltzer
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
J. Reeve
Department of the Environment, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
D. Roberts
Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart T 7001, Australia
V. Saderne
Benthic Ecology group, GEOMAR – Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research in Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
K. Tait
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
S. Widdicombe
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
P. G. Brewer
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
Viewed
Total article views: 6,353 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 11 Mar 2014)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,912 | 2,188 | 253 | 6,353 | 221 | 240 |
- HTML: 3,912
- PDF: 2,188
- XML: 253
- Total: 6,353
- BibTeX: 221
- EndNote: 240
Total article views: 4,415 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 01 Aug 2014)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,591 | 1,603 | 221 | 4,415 | 213 | 237 |
- HTML: 2,591
- PDF: 1,603
- XML: 221
- Total: 4,415
- BibTeX: 213
- EndNote: 237
Total article views: 1,938 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 11 Mar 2014)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,321 | 585 | 32 | 1,938 | 8 | 3 |
- HTML: 1,321
- PDF: 585
- XML: 32
- Total: 1,938
- BibTeX: 8
- EndNote: 3
Cited
42 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Current understanding and challenges for oceans in a higher-CO2 world C. Hurd et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0211-0
- Impact of ocean carbonation on long-term regulation of light harvesting in eelgrass Zostera marina B. Celebi-Ergin et al. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13777
- Community-level sensitivity of a calcifying ecosystem to acute in situ CO2 enrichment H. Burdett et al. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12421
- Effects of in situ CO2 enrichment on structural characteristics, photosynthesis, and growth of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica T. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2179-2016
- Real-time analysis of multicomponent dissolved inorganic carbon in the air-sea exchanging process using gas-liquid Raman spectroscopy J. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105785
- Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina R. Zimmerman et al. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12051
- A mesocosm concept for the simulation of near-natural shallow underwater climates: The Kiel Outdoor Benthocosms (KOB) M. Wahl et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10055
- Scaling up: Predicting the Impacts of Climate Change on Seagrass Ecosystems R. Zimmerman https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00837-7
- Ocean acidification effects on in situ coral reef metabolism S. Doo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48407-7
- Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters J. Stark et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21029-1
- Photophysiological Responses of Canopy-Forming Kelp Species to Short-Term Acute Warming H. Burdett et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00516
- Warming and parasitism impair the performance of Baltic native and invasive macroalgae and their associated fauna C. Bommarito et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12390
- Acidification alters predator-prey interactions of blue crab Callinectes sapidus and soft-shell clam Mya arenaria C. Glaspie et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.11.010
- Effects of ocean acidification on Posidonia oceanica epiphytic community and shoot productivity T. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12477
- Coral reef pH altered in situ J. Stark & C. Langdon https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1000-5
- A novel membrane inlet‐infrared gas analysis (MI‐IRGA) system for monitoring of seawater carbonate system E. Camp et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10140
- Effects of in situ CO2 enrichment on epibiont settlement on artificial substrata within a Posidonia oceanica meadow T. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2017.10.003
- Target gene expression studies on Platynereis dumerilii and Platynereis cfr massiliensis at the shallow CO2 vents off Ischia, Italy J. Wäge et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.11.012
- Shallow coral reef free ocean carbon enrichment: Novel in situ flumes to manipulate pCO2 on shallow tropical coral reef communities G. Srednick et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10349
- Exchange Dynamics Reveal Significant Accumulation of Dimethylated Sulfur by Mediterranean Benthic Communities H. Burdett https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00431
- From carbonate chemistry to community responses: Thematic evolution in ocean acidification and microbial research— a bibliometric analysis Y. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.108154
- Shipbuilding Docks as Experimental Systems for Realistic Assessments of Anthropogenic Stressors on Marine Organisms R. Bruintjes et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix092
- A 120‐year record of resilience to environmental change in brachiopods E. Cross et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14085
- Impact of ocean acidification on the biogeochemistry and meiofaunal assemblage of carbonate-rich sediments: Results from core incubations (Bay of Villefranche, NW Mediterranean Sea) J. Rassmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.05.006
- Free Ocean CO2 Enrichment (FOCE) experiments: Scientific and technical recommendations for future in situ ocean acidification projects J. Stark et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.01.006
- Marginal Reefs Under Stress: Physiological Limits Render Galápagos Corals Susceptible to Ocean Acidification and Thermal Stress D. Thompson et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000509
- Coral calcification in a changing World and the interactive dynamics of pH and DIC upregulation M. McCulloch et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15686
- Living coral tissue slows skeletal dissolution related to ocean acidification D. Kline et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0988-x
- Impact of ocean acidification and warming on the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) F. Gazeau et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2014.00062
- Tracking contemporary microbial evolution in a changing ocean G. Brennan & R. Logares https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2022.09.001
- Does Nutrient Availability Regulate Seagrass Response to Elevated CO2? J. Campbell & J. Fourqurean https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0212-2
- In-situ behavioural and physiological responses of Antarctic microphytobenthos to ocean acidification J. Black et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36233-2
- Design, construction, and operation of an actively controlled deep-sea CO2 enrichment experiment using a cabled observatory system W. Kirkwood et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.005
- pH homeostasis during coral calcification in a free ocean CO 2 enrichment (FOCE) experiment, Heron Island reef flat, Great Barrier Reef L. Georgiou et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505586112
- How good are we at assessing the impact of ocean acidification in coastal systems? Limitations, omissions and strengths of commonly used experimental approaches with special emphasis on the neglected role of fluctuations M. Wahl et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF14154
- An in situ incubation method for measuring the productivity and responses of under‐ice algae to ocean acidification and warming in polar marine habitats N. Barr et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10154
- A new mesocosm system to study the effects of environmental variability on marine species and communities C. Pansch & C. Hiebenthal https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10306
- Experimental design in ocean acidification research: problems and solutions C. Cornwall & C. Hurd https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv118
- Experimental strategies to assess the biological ramifications of multiple drivers of global ocean change—A review P. Boyd et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14102
- Primary producers may ameliorate impacts of daytime CO2 addition in a coastal marine ecosystem M. Bracken et al. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4739
- Boosted fish abundance associated with Posidonia oceanica meadows in temperate shallow CO2 vents A. Mirasole et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145438
- Effects of in situ CO2 enrichment on Posidonia oceanica epiphytic community composition and mineralogy T. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-017-3136-7
42 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Current understanding and challenges for oceans in a higher-CO2 world C. Hurd et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0211-0
- Impact of ocean carbonation on long-term regulation of light harvesting in eelgrass Zostera marina B. Celebi-Ergin et al. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13777
- Community-level sensitivity of a calcifying ecosystem to acute in situ CO2 enrichment H. Burdett et al. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12421
- Effects of in situ CO2 enrichment on structural characteristics, photosynthesis, and growth of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica T. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2179-2016
- Real-time analysis of multicomponent dissolved inorganic carbon in the air-sea exchanging process using gas-liquid Raman spectroscopy J. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105785
- Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina R. Zimmerman et al. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12051
- A mesocosm concept for the simulation of near-natural shallow underwater climates: The Kiel Outdoor Benthocosms (KOB) M. Wahl et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10055
- Scaling up: Predicting the Impacts of Climate Change on Seagrass Ecosystems R. Zimmerman https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00837-7
- Ocean acidification effects on in situ coral reef metabolism S. Doo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48407-7
- Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters J. Stark et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21029-1
- Photophysiological Responses of Canopy-Forming Kelp Species to Short-Term Acute Warming H. Burdett et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00516
- Warming and parasitism impair the performance of Baltic native and invasive macroalgae and their associated fauna C. Bommarito et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12390
- Acidification alters predator-prey interactions of blue crab Callinectes sapidus and soft-shell clam Mya arenaria C. Glaspie et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.11.010
- Effects of ocean acidification on Posidonia oceanica epiphytic community and shoot productivity T. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12477
- Coral reef pH altered in situ J. Stark & C. Langdon https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1000-5
- A novel membrane inlet‐infrared gas analysis (MI‐IRGA) system for monitoring of seawater carbonate system E. Camp et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10140
- Effects of in situ CO2 enrichment on epibiont settlement on artificial substrata within a Posidonia oceanica meadow T. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2017.10.003
- Target gene expression studies on Platynereis dumerilii and Platynereis cfr massiliensis at the shallow CO2 vents off Ischia, Italy J. Wäge et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.11.012
- Shallow coral reef free ocean carbon enrichment: Novel in situ flumes to manipulate pCO2 on shallow tropical coral reef communities G. Srednick et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10349
- Exchange Dynamics Reveal Significant Accumulation of Dimethylated Sulfur by Mediterranean Benthic Communities H. Burdett https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00431
- From carbonate chemistry to community responses: Thematic evolution in ocean acidification and microbial research— a bibliometric analysis Y. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.108154
- Shipbuilding Docks as Experimental Systems for Realistic Assessments of Anthropogenic Stressors on Marine Organisms R. Bruintjes et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix092
- A 120‐year record of resilience to environmental change in brachiopods E. Cross et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14085
- Impact of ocean acidification on the biogeochemistry and meiofaunal assemblage of carbonate-rich sediments: Results from core incubations (Bay of Villefranche, NW Mediterranean Sea) J. Rassmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.05.006
- Free Ocean CO2 Enrichment (FOCE) experiments: Scientific and technical recommendations for future in situ ocean acidification projects J. Stark et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.01.006
- Marginal Reefs Under Stress: Physiological Limits Render Galápagos Corals Susceptible to Ocean Acidification and Thermal Stress D. Thompson et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000509
- Coral calcification in a changing World and the interactive dynamics of pH and DIC upregulation M. McCulloch et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15686
- Living coral tissue slows skeletal dissolution related to ocean acidification D. Kline et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0988-x
- Impact of ocean acidification and warming on the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) F. Gazeau et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2014.00062
- Tracking contemporary microbial evolution in a changing ocean G. Brennan & R. Logares https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2022.09.001
- Does Nutrient Availability Regulate Seagrass Response to Elevated CO2? J. Campbell & J. Fourqurean https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0212-2
- In-situ behavioural and physiological responses of Antarctic microphytobenthos to ocean acidification J. Black et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36233-2
- Design, construction, and operation of an actively controlled deep-sea CO2 enrichment experiment using a cabled observatory system W. Kirkwood et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.005
- pH homeostasis during coral calcification in a free ocean CO 2 enrichment (FOCE) experiment, Heron Island reef flat, Great Barrier Reef L. Georgiou et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505586112
- How good are we at assessing the impact of ocean acidification in coastal systems? Limitations, omissions and strengths of commonly used experimental approaches with special emphasis on the neglected role of fluctuations M. Wahl et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF14154
- An in situ incubation method for measuring the productivity and responses of under‐ice algae to ocean acidification and warming in polar marine habitats N. Barr et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10154
- A new mesocosm system to study the effects of environmental variability on marine species and communities C. Pansch & C. Hiebenthal https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10306
- Experimental design in ocean acidification research: problems and solutions C. Cornwall & C. Hurd https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv118
- Experimental strategies to assess the biological ramifications of multiple drivers of global ocean change—A review P. Boyd et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14102
- Primary producers may ameliorate impacts of daytime CO2 addition in a coastal marine ecosystem M. Bracken et al. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4739
- Boosted fish abundance associated with Posidonia oceanica meadows in temperate shallow CO2 vents A. Mirasole et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145438
- Effects of in situ CO2 enrichment on Posidonia oceanica epiphytic community composition and mineralogy T. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-017-3136-7
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 10 Jul 2026
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint