Articles | Volume 12, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1597-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1597-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Amelioration of marine environments at the Smithian–Spathian boundary, Early Triassic
L. Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
L. Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
Z.-Q. Chen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
T. J. Algeo
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
Y. Li
State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
L. Cao
State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
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- Photic zone redox oscillations and microbialite development recorded by Early Triassic sediments of the Perth Basin: A geochemical approach T. Taniwaki et al. 10.1016/j.gca.2022.09.011
- Marine productivity changes during the end-Permian crisis and Early Triassic recovery J. Shen et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.002
- Environmental controls on marine ecosystem recovery following mass extinctions, with an example from the Early Triassic H. Wei et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.10.007
51 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Lower Triassic carbonate δ238U record demonstrates expanded oceanic anoxia during Smithian Thermal Maximum and improved ventilation during Smithian-Spathian boundary cooling event H. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109393
- Carbon-Sulfur isotope and major and trace element variations across the Permian–Triassic boundary on a shallow platform setting (Xiejiacao, South China) Z. Zheng et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122115
- The Smithian–Spathian boundary in North Greenland: implications for extreme global climate changes S. Lindström et al. 10.1017/S0016756819000669
- Extremely high resolution XRF core scanning reveals the Early Triassic depositional history of the Montney Formation in northeastern British Columbia, Canada S. Schoepfer et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112019
- Diagenetic controls on the isotopic composition of carbonate‐associated sulphate in the Permian Capitan Reef Complex, West Texas T. Present et al. 10.1111/sed.12615
- Abundant conodont faunas from the Olenekian (Early Triassic) of subsurface British Columbia, Canada and diversification of the Neogondolellinae around the Smithian–Spathian boundary M. Golding 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103613
- Variability in Sulfur Isotope Records of Phanerozoic Seawater Sulfate T. Present et al. 10.1029/2020GL088766
- Cadmium isotope evidence deciphers enhanced marine productivity during the middle Mesoproterozoic (the Xiamaling formation, North China) X. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.precamres.2023.107021
- Global mercury cycle during the end-Permian mass extinction and subsequent Early Triassic recovery X. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.02.026
- Marine productivity variations and environmental perturbations across the early Triassic Smithian-Spathian boundary: Insights from zinc and carbon isotopes X. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103579
- Latest Permian to Middle Triassic redox condition variations in ramp settings, South China: Pyrite framboid evidence Y. Huang et al. 10.1130/B31458.1
- The Smithian/Spathian boundary (late Early Triassic): A review of ammonoid, conodont, and carbon-isotopic criteria L. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.02.014
- In situ sulfur isotopes (δ 34 S and δ 33 S) analyses in sulfides and elemental sulfur using high sensitivity cones combined with the addition of nitrogen by laser ablation MC-ICP-MS J. Fu et al. 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.026
- Subsequent biotic crises delayed marine recovery following the late Permian mass extinction event in northern Italy W. Foster et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0172321
- Permian–Triassic evolution of the Bivalvia: Extinction-recovery patterns linked to ecologic and taxonomic selectivity C. Tu et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.06.042
- An intercalibrated Triassic conodont succession and carbonate carbon isotope profile, Kamura, Japan L. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.09.001
- Cooling-driven oceanic anoxia across the Smithian/Spathian boundary (mid-Early Triassic) H. Song et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.01.009
- Lower Triassic conodont biostratigraphy of the Guryul Ravine section, Kashmir Z. Lyu et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103671
- Global-ocean redox variations across the Smithian-Spathian boundary linked to concurrent climatic and biotic changes F. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.10.012
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- Spathian to Aegean (upper Lower Triassic to lower Middle Triassic) carbon isotope stratigraphy constrained by the conodont biostratigraphy of carbonates on top of a mid‐oceanic seamount formed in the Panthalassic Ocean T. Ha et al. 10.1111/iar.12391
- Anomalous marine calcium cycle linked to carbonate factory change after the Smithian Thermal Maximum (Early Triassic) H. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103418
- Mercury enrichments provide evidence of Early Triassic volcanism following the end-Permian mass extinction J. Shen et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.05.010
- The Smithian-Spathian boundary: A critical juncture in the Early Triassic recovery of marine ecosystems T. Algeo et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102877
- Sulfur-isotope evidence for recovery of seawater sulfate concentrations from a PTB minimum by the Smithian-Spathian transition A. Stebbins et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.08.010
- Integrated bio-chemostratigraphy of Lower and Middle Triassic marine successions at Spiti in the Indian Himalaya: Implications for the Early Triassic nutrient crisis Y. Sun et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103363
- Quantitative stratigraphic correlation of Tethyan conodonts across the Smithian-Spathian (Early Triassic) extinction event Y. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.004
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- Refined Permian–Triassic floristic timeline reveals early collapse and delayed recovery of south polar terrestrial ecosystems C. Mays et al. 10.1130/B35355.1
- Changes in productivity associated with algal-microbial shifts during the Early Triassic recovery of marine ecosystems Y. Du et al. 10.1130/B35510.1
- Are Early Triassic extinction events associated with mercury anomalies? A reassessment of the Smithian/Spathian boundary extinction Ø. Hammer et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.016
- Sulfur isotopic evidence for global marine anoxia and low seawater sulfate concentration during the Late Triassic W. Tang et al. 10.1016/j.jseaes.2023.105659
- SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT AND REDOX CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER TRIASSIC OSAWA FORMATION IN THE SOUTHERN KITAKAMI TERRANE, JAPAN: INSIGHTS INTO OCEAN REDOX STRATIFICATION AND FAUNAL RECOVERY Y. ISHIZAKI & Y. SHIINO 10.2110/palo.2021.045
- A review of carbon isotope excursions, redox changes and marine red beds of the Early Triassic with insights from the Qinling Sea, northwest China H. Li et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104623
- Marine sulfur cycle evidence for upwelling and eutrophic stresses during Early Triassic cooling events A. Stebbins et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.09.007
- Carbon (δ13C) isotope variations indicate climate shifts and reflect plant habitats in the Middle Triassic (Anisian, Pelsonian) succession at Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Prà della Vacca (Dolomites, Northeast Italy) G. Forte et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111098
- Dynamic interplay between climate and marine biodiversity upheavals during the early Triassic Smithian -Spathian biotic crisis N. Goudemand et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.01.013
- Early Triassic conodonts and carbonate carbon isotope record of the Idrija–Žiri area, Slovenia Y. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.12.013
- Olenekian sulfur isotope records: Deciphering global trends, links to marine redox changes and faunal evolution O. Edward et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.121984
- Deposition conditions of the Jurassic lacustrine source rocks in the East Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China: Evidence from major and trace elements J. Qiao et al. 10.1002/gj.3714
- Global-ocean circulation changes during the Smithian–Spathian transition inferred from carbon‑sulfur cycle records Z. Lyu et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.01.010
- Geochemical characteristics of source rocks and natural gas in Fudong area, Junggar Basin: implications for the genesis of natural gas K. Xu et al. 10.1007/s12517-022-09820-x
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- Upper Changhsingian to lower Anisian conodont biostratigraphy of the Datuguan section, Nanpanjiang Basin, South China A. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111470
- New Findings of Latest Early Olenekian (Early Triassic) Fossils in South Primorye, Russian Far East, and Their Stratigraphical Significance Y. Zakharov et al. 10.1007/s12583-020-1390-y
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- Additional records of ichnogenus Rhizocorallium from the Lower and Middle Triassic, South China: Implications for biotic recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction X. Feng et al. 10.1130/B31715.1
- The Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition in South China: Oceanic environments and life from Late Permian to Late Triassic Z. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.09.012
- Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery P. Widmann et al. 10.3389/feart.2020.00196
- New middle and late Smithian ammonoid faunas from the Utah/Arizona border: New evidence for calibrating Early Triassic transgressive-regressive trends and paleobiogeographical signals in the western USA basin A. Brayard et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103251
4 citations as recorded by crossref.
- An Early Triassic (Smithian) stromatolite associated with giant ooid banks from Lichuan (Hubei Province), South China: Environment and controls on its formation Y. Fang et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.006
- Photic zone redox oscillations and microbialite development recorded by Early Triassic sediments of the Perth Basin: A geochemical approach T. Taniwaki et al. 10.1016/j.gca.2022.09.011
- Marine productivity changes during the end-Permian crisis and Early Triassic recovery J. Shen et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.002
- Environmental controls on marine ecosystem recovery following mass extinctions, with an example from the Early Triassic H. Wei et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.10.007
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Latest update: 08 Nov 2024
Short summary
The Smithian--Spathian boundary was a key event in the recovery of marine environments and ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction ~1.5 million years earlier. Our analysis of the Shitouzhai section in South China reveals major changes in oceanographic conditions at the SSB intensification of oceanic circulation leading to enhanced upwelling of nutrient- and sulfide-rich deep waters and coinciding with an abrupt cooling that terminated the Early Triassic hothouse climate.
The Smithian--Spathian boundary was a key event in the recovery of marine environments and...
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