Articles | Volume 14, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1093-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1093-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Separating overstory and understory leaf area indices for global needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf forests by fusion of MODIS and MISR data
Yang Liu
State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information
System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Ronggao Liu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information
System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Jan Pisek
Tartu Observatory, Tõravere, Estonia
Jing M. Chen
Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
Department of Geography and Program in Planning, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cited
49 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Estimation of boreal forest floor reflectance from airborne hyperspectral data of coniferous forests V. Markiet & M. Mõttus
- Changes in the Shadow: The Shifting Role of Shaded Leaves in Global Carbon and Water Cycles Under Climate Change L. He et al.
- Three-dimensional dynamic characteristics of vegetation and its response to climatic factors in the Qilian Mountains Y. Ma et al.
- GEDI reveals decline in overstorey and increase in understorey canopy cover of protected forests in Central Europe since 2019 X. Liu et al.
- Retrieving forest LAI from Landsat via 3D look-up table generated by realistic LiDAR scenes J. Qi et al.
- Direct measurement of leaf area index in a deciduous needle-leaf forest, eastern Siberia N. Shin et al.
- Intra-Annual Cumulative Effects and Mechanisms of Climatic Factors on Global Vegetation Biomes’ Growth G. Du et al.
- An Overview of Global Leaf Area Index (LAI): Methods, Products, Validation, and Applications H. Fang et al.
- Widespread declining sensitivity of terrestrial gross primary productivity to compound dry-hot extremes in China W. Shi et al.
- Assessment of vegetation indices for estimating leaf chlorophyll content in sparse canopies X. Qian et al.
- Integrating Sentinel-2 and MODIS BRDF Imagery to Invert Canopy Fractional Vegetation Cover for Forests and Analyze the Corresponding Spatio-Temporal Evolution Z. Gu et al.
- Elevation Correction of Forest Biogeophysical Cooling Effect in China T. Bai et al.
- A GEDI-Sentinel-2 integration framework for wall-to-wall retrieval of forest overstory plant area index D. Jia et al.
- Effects of Forest Canopy Vertical Stratification on the Estimation of Gross Primary Production by Remote Sensing S. Lin et al.
- Stratifying forest overstory and understory using the Global Ecosystem Dynamic Investigation laser scanning data Z. Yun et al.
- Machine learning estimates of eddy covariance carbon flux in a scrub in the Mexican highland A. Guevara-Escobar et al.
- Importance of the antecedent environmental factors’ memory effects on the temporal variation of terrestrial gross primary productivity W. Liu et al.
- Simulating solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in a boreal forest stand reconstructed from terrestrial laser scanning measurements W. Liu et al.
- Analysing far-red SIF directional anisotropy of three structurally contrasting forest canopies towards improved GPP estimation W. Liu et al.
- Identifying thresholds of time-lag and accumulative effects of extreme precipitation on major vegetation types at global scale M. Liu et al.
- Remote Sensing Inversion and Spatiotemporal Evolution of Understory Shrub–Grass Coverage in Changting County by Fusing MODIS and Sentinel-2 Images Z. Gu et al.
- Dynamic Global Vegetation Models: Searching for the balance between demographic process representation and computational tractability A. Argles et al.
- Investigating the contribution of understory to radiative transfer simulations through reconstructing 3-D realistic temperate broadleaf forest scenes based on multi-platform laser scanning X. Lin et al.
- Comparison of Canopy–Vegetation Parameters from Interior Parts to Edge of Multi-Story Grove Forest Patch and Meadow Field Within Rural Landscape for Soil Temperature and Moisture M. Öztürk et al.
- Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Vegetation GPP over the Great Khingan Mountains Using GLASS Products from 1982 to 2015 L. Hu et al.
- Dynamic stratification for vertical forest structure using aerial laser scanning over multiple spatial scales Z. Yun et al.
- Global analysis of time-lag and -accumulation effects of climate on vegetation growth Y. Ding et al.
- Estimation of Woody and Herbaceous Leaf Area Index in Sub‐Saharan Africa Using MODIS Data M. Kahiu & N. Hanan
- Analyzing canopy structure effects based on LiDAR for GPP-SIF relationship and GPP estimation S. Shi et al.
- The phenology of European forests as seen by MODIS Leaf Area Index and GEDI Plant Area Index: Toward an integrated approach A. Cotrina-Sanchez et al.
- Quantifying the Plant Area Index of Overstory and Understory Vegetation on Sloped Terrain Using Single-Station Terrestrial Laser Scanner L. Ma et al.
- Diversity of Algorithm and Spectral Band Inputs Improves Landsat Monitoring of Forest Disturbance W. Cohen et al.
- Comparison of GEDI LiDAR Data Capability for Forest Canopy Height Estimation over Broadleaf and Needleleaf Forests M. Rajab Pourrahmati et al.
- A Semiempirical Approach for Decomposition of Remotely Sensed Leaf Area Index Into Overstory and Understory Components Over Russian Forests N. Shabanov et al.
- Foliar, root and rhizospheric soil C:N:P stoichiometries of overstory and understory species in subtropical plantations L. Shi et al.
- Method comparison of indirect assessments of understory leaf area index (LAIu): A case study across the extended network of ICOS forest ecosystem sites in Europe J. George et al.
- Quantifying Understory and Overstory Vegetation Cover Using UAV-Based RGB Imagery in Forest Plantation L. Li et al.
- Impacts of meteorological factors and land use pattern on hydrological elements in a semi-arid basin T. Huang et al.
- Canopy leaf area index at its higher end: dissection of structural controls from leaf to canopy scales in bryophytes Ü. Niinemets & M. Tobias
- Pawpaw (Asimina triloba L.) ramet leaf-area scaling and patch foliar estimation in a midwestern upland forest 1 T. Sipe
- Simulation-Based Evaluation of the Estimation Methods of Far-Red Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Escape Probability in Discontinuous Forest Canopies W. Liu et al.
- Stratifying Forest Overstory and Understory for 3-D Segmentation Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data Z. Yun & G. Zheng
- Evaluation of Clumping Effects on the Estimation of Global Terrestrial Evapotranspiration B. Chen et al.
- Comprehensive evaluation of global CI, FVC, and LAI products and their relationships using high-resolution reference data S. Li et al.
- Investigating the Influence of the Weed Layer on Crop Canopy Reflectance and LAI Inversion Using Simulations and Measurements in a Sugarcane Field L. Qiu et al.
- Seasonal variation of canopy vertical structural profiles measured at two temperate forests: intercomparison of tower, mast, crane, and UAV measurements H. Fang et al.
- Sampling protocols of specific leaf area for improving accuracy of the estimation of forest leaf area index F. Liu et al.
- C:N:P stoichiometry of rhizosphere soils differed significantly among overstory trees and understory shrubs in plantations in subtropical China X. Dai et al.
- Optimizing key parameters (biological-control factor) of soil erosion simulation models at a regional scale– The case of Jiangxi Province, China Z. Wang et al.
49 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Estimation of boreal forest floor reflectance from airborne hyperspectral data of coniferous forests V. Markiet & M. Mõttus
- Changes in the Shadow: The Shifting Role of Shaded Leaves in Global Carbon and Water Cycles Under Climate Change L. He et al.
- Three-dimensional dynamic characteristics of vegetation and its response to climatic factors in the Qilian Mountains Y. Ma et al.
- GEDI reveals decline in overstorey and increase in understorey canopy cover of protected forests in Central Europe since 2019 X. Liu et al.
- Retrieving forest LAI from Landsat via 3D look-up table generated by realistic LiDAR scenes J. Qi et al.
- Direct measurement of leaf area index in a deciduous needle-leaf forest, eastern Siberia N. Shin et al.
- Intra-Annual Cumulative Effects and Mechanisms of Climatic Factors on Global Vegetation Biomes’ Growth G. Du et al.
- An Overview of Global Leaf Area Index (LAI): Methods, Products, Validation, and Applications H. Fang et al.
- Widespread declining sensitivity of terrestrial gross primary productivity to compound dry-hot extremes in China W. Shi et al.
- Assessment of vegetation indices for estimating leaf chlorophyll content in sparse canopies X. Qian et al.
- Integrating Sentinel-2 and MODIS BRDF Imagery to Invert Canopy Fractional Vegetation Cover for Forests and Analyze the Corresponding Spatio-Temporal Evolution Z. Gu et al.
- Elevation Correction of Forest Biogeophysical Cooling Effect in China T. Bai et al.
- A GEDI-Sentinel-2 integration framework for wall-to-wall retrieval of forest overstory plant area index D. Jia et al.
- Effects of Forest Canopy Vertical Stratification on the Estimation of Gross Primary Production by Remote Sensing S. Lin et al.
- Stratifying forest overstory and understory using the Global Ecosystem Dynamic Investigation laser scanning data Z. Yun et al.
- Machine learning estimates of eddy covariance carbon flux in a scrub in the Mexican highland A. Guevara-Escobar et al.
- Importance of the antecedent environmental factors’ memory effects on the temporal variation of terrestrial gross primary productivity W. Liu et al.
- Simulating solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in a boreal forest stand reconstructed from terrestrial laser scanning measurements W. Liu et al.
- Analysing far-red SIF directional anisotropy of three structurally contrasting forest canopies towards improved GPP estimation W. Liu et al.
- Identifying thresholds of time-lag and accumulative effects of extreme precipitation on major vegetation types at global scale M. Liu et al.
- Remote Sensing Inversion and Spatiotemporal Evolution of Understory Shrub–Grass Coverage in Changting County by Fusing MODIS and Sentinel-2 Images Z. Gu et al.
- Dynamic Global Vegetation Models: Searching for the balance between demographic process representation and computational tractability A. Argles et al.
- Investigating the contribution of understory to radiative transfer simulations through reconstructing 3-D realistic temperate broadleaf forest scenes based on multi-platform laser scanning X. Lin et al.
- Comparison of Canopy–Vegetation Parameters from Interior Parts to Edge of Multi-Story Grove Forest Patch and Meadow Field Within Rural Landscape for Soil Temperature and Moisture M. Öztürk et al.
- Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Vegetation GPP over the Great Khingan Mountains Using GLASS Products from 1982 to 2015 L. Hu et al.
- Dynamic stratification for vertical forest structure using aerial laser scanning over multiple spatial scales Z. Yun et al.
- Global analysis of time-lag and -accumulation effects of climate on vegetation growth Y. Ding et al.
- Estimation of Woody and Herbaceous Leaf Area Index in Sub‐Saharan Africa Using MODIS Data M. Kahiu & N. Hanan
- Analyzing canopy structure effects based on LiDAR for GPP-SIF relationship and GPP estimation S. Shi et al.
- The phenology of European forests as seen by MODIS Leaf Area Index and GEDI Plant Area Index: Toward an integrated approach A. Cotrina-Sanchez et al.
- Quantifying the Plant Area Index of Overstory and Understory Vegetation on Sloped Terrain Using Single-Station Terrestrial Laser Scanner L. Ma et al.
- Diversity of Algorithm and Spectral Band Inputs Improves Landsat Monitoring of Forest Disturbance W. Cohen et al.
- Comparison of GEDI LiDAR Data Capability for Forest Canopy Height Estimation over Broadleaf and Needleleaf Forests M. Rajab Pourrahmati et al.
- A Semiempirical Approach for Decomposition of Remotely Sensed Leaf Area Index Into Overstory and Understory Components Over Russian Forests N. Shabanov et al.
- Foliar, root and rhizospheric soil C:N:P stoichiometries of overstory and understory species in subtropical plantations L. Shi et al.
- Method comparison of indirect assessments of understory leaf area index (LAIu): A case study across the extended network of ICOS forest ecosystem sites in Europe J. George et al.
- Quantifying Understory and Overstory Vegetation Cover Using UAV-Based RGB Imagery in Forest Plantation L. Li et al.
- Impacts of meteorological factors and land use pattern on hydrological elements in a semi-arid basin T. Huang et al.
- Canopy leaf area index at its higher end: dissection of structural controls from leaf to canopy scales in bryophytes Ü. Niinemets & M. Tobias
- Pawpaw (Asimina triloba L.) ramet leaf-area scaling and patch foliar estimation in a midwestern upland forest 1 T. Sipe
- Simulation-Based Evaluation of the Estimation Methods of Far-Red Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Escape Probability in Discontinuous Forest Canopies W. Liu et al.
- Stratifying Forest Overstory and Understory for 3-D Segmentation Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data Z. Yun & G. Zheng
- Evaluation of Clumping Effects on the Estimation of Global Terrestrial Evapotranspiration B. Chen et al.
- Comprehensive evaluation of global CI, FVC, and LAI products and their relationships using high-resolution reference data S. Li et al.
- Investigating the Influence of the Weed Layer on Crop Canopy Reflectance and LAI Inversion Using Simulations and Measurements in a Sugarcane Field L. Qiu et al.
- Seasonal variation of canopy vertical structural profiles measured at two temperate forests: intercomparison of tower, mast, crane, and UAV measurements H. Fang et al.
- Sampling protocols of specific leaf area for improving accuracy of the estimation of forest leaf area index F. Liu et al.
- C:N:P stoichiometry of rhizosphere soils differed significantly among overstory trees and understory shrubs in plantations in subtropical China X. Dai et al.
- Optimizing key parameters (biological-control factor) of soil erosion simulation models at a regional scale– The case of Jiangxi Province, China Z. Wang et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 06 May 2026
Short summary
Forest overstory and understory layers differ in carbon and water cycle regimes and phenology, as well as ecosystem functions. In this paper, overstory and understory LAI values were estimated separately for global needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf forests. This work would help us better understand the seasonal patterns of forest structure, evaluate the ecosystem functions and improve the modeling of the forest carbon and water cycles.
Forest overstory and understory layers differ in carbon and water cycle regimes and phenology,...
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