Articles | Volume 15, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018
Research article
 | 
21 Jun 2018
Research article |  | 21 Jun 2018

What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean?

James W. B. Rae and Wally Broecker

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AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
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AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (09 Apr 2018) by Christoph Heinze
AR by James Rae on behalf of the Authors (07 May 2018)  Author's response   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (14 May 2018) by Christoph Heinze
AR by James Rae on behalf of the Authors (22 May 2018)
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Short summary
The deep ocean is the major store of heat and carbon in Earth's surface environment and thus has a major impact on climate. Waters that fill the deep ocean come from the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean, but there is debate on their relative importance. Here we reconcile previous estimates using deep sea phosphate and oxygen data. We show that although a large volume of deep water comes from the south, this does not spend enough time in the southern surface to fully exchange heat and CO2.
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