Articles | Volume 18, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-25-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-25-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
04 Jan 2021
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 04 Jan 2021
| 04 Jan 2021
Southern Ocean Biogeochemical Argo detect under-ice phytoplankton growth before sea ice retreat
Mark Hague
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
Marcello Vichi
Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
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Cited
23 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Rafting of Growing Antarctic Sea Ice Enhances In‐Ice Biogeochemical Activity in Winter R. Audh et al. 10.1029/2023JC019925
- How Are Under Ice Phytoplankton Related to Sea Ice in the Southern Ocean? K. Bisson & B. Cael 10.1029/2021GL095051
- The Southern Ocean carbon and climate observations and modeling (SOCCOM) project: A review J. Sarmiento et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103130
- Bridging the gap for ice–ocean–ecosystem processes: integrated observing system for the Ross Sea-far East Antarctic Region P. Heil et al. 10.3389/fmars.2023.1206119
- Under‐Ice Mixed Layers and the Regulation of Early Spring Phytoplankton Growth in the Southern Ocean W. Smith & Y. Zhong 10.1029/2023GL106796
- Long-distance winter migrations of chinstrap penguins and elephant seals to a persistent bloom at the edge of the Ross Gyre C. Wilson et al. 10.1038/s41598-025-87433-6
- Phenology and Environmental Control of Phytoplankton Blooms in the Kong Håkon VII Hav in the Southern Ocean H. Kauko et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.623856
- Exploring the relationship between sea ice and phytoplankton growth in the Weddell Gyre using satellite and Argo float data C. Douglas et al. 10.5194/os-20-475-2024
- Constraining the Particle Size Distribution of Large Marine Particles in the Global Ocean With In Situ Optical Observations and Supervised Learning D. Clements et al. 10.1029/2021GB007276
- Majority of Southern Ocean Seasonal Sea Ice Zone Bloom Net Community Production Precedes Total Ice Retreat S. McClish & S. Bushinsky 10.1029/2023GL103459
- Evidence of phytoplankton blooms under Antarctic sea ice C. Horvat et al. 10.3389/fmars.2022.942799
- The role of biota in the Southern Ocean carbon cycle P. Boyd et al. 10.1038/s43017-024-00531-3
- First description of in situ chlorophyll fluorescence signal within East Antarctic coastal polynyas during fall and winter L. Bourreau et al. 10.3389/fmars.2023.1186403
- Sea‐Ice Impacts Inter‐Annual Variability of Phytoplankton Bloom Characteristics and Carbon Export in the Weddell Sea I. Giddy et al. 10.1029/2023GL103695
- Exploring controls on the timing of the phytoplankton bloom in western Baffin Bay, Canadian Arctic M. Benoît-Gagné et al. 10.1525/elementa.2024.00008
- Phytoplankton bloom distribution and succession driven by sea-ice melt in the Kong Håkon VII Hav M. Lenss et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00122
- LIGHT-bgcArgo-1.0: using synthetic float capabilities in E3SMv2 to assess spatiotemporal variability in ocean physics and biogeochemistry C. Nissen et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-6415-2024
- The seasonal patterns of hydrographic and biogeochemical variables in the Ross Sea: A BGC-Argo analysis R. Cao et al. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2024.105436
- Biogeochemical‐Argo floats show that chlorophyll increases before carbon in the high‐latitude Southern Ocean spring bloom C. Vives et al. 10.1002/lol2.10322
- Polar oceans and sea ice in a changing climate M. Willis et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00056
- Grazing behavior and winter phytoplankton accumulation M. Freilich et al. 10.5194/bg-18-5595-2021
- Diatoms, tintinnids, and the protist community of the western Weddell Sea in summer: latitudinal distribution and biogeographic boundaries N. Trifoglio et al. 10.1007/s00300-023-03125-9
- Changing phytoplankton phenology in the marginal ice zone west of the Antarctic Peninsula J. Turner et al. 10.3354/meps14567
23 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Rafting of Growing Antarctic Sea Ice Enhances In‐Ice Biogeochemical Activity in Winter R. Audh et al. 10.1029/2023JC019925
- How Are Under Ice Phytoplankton Related to Sea Ice in the Southern Ocean? K. Bisson & B. Cael 10.1029/2021GL095051
- The Southern Ocean carbon and climate observations and modeling (SOCCOM) project: A review J. Sarmiento et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103130
- Bridging the gap for ice–ocean–ecosystem processes: integrated observing system for the Ross Sea-far East Antarctic Region P. Heil et al. 10.3389/fmars.2023.1206119
- Under‐Ice Mixed Layers and the Regulation of Early Spring Phytoplankton Growth in the Southern Ocean W. Smith & Y. Zhong 10.1029/2023GL106796
- Long-distance winter migrations of chinstrap penguins and elephant seals to a persistent bloom at the edge of the Ross Gyre C. Wilson et al. 10.1038/s41598-025-87433-6
- Phenology and Environmental Control of Phytoplankton Blooms in the Kong Håkon VII Hav in the Southern Ocean H. Kauko et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.623856
- Exploring the relationship between sea ice and phytoplankton growth in the Weddell Gyre using satellite and Argo float data C. Douglas et al. 10.5194/os-20-475-2024
- Constraining the Particle Size Distribution of Large Marine Particles in the Global Ocean With In Situ Optical Observations and Supervised Learning D. Clements et al. 10.1029/2021GB007276
- Majority of Southern Ocean Seasonal Sea Ice Zone Bloom Net Community Production Precedes Total Ice Retreat S. McClish & S. Bushinsky 10.1029/2023GL103459
- Evidence of phytoplankton blooms under Antarctic sea ice C. Horvat et al. 10.3389/fmars.2022.942799
- The role of biota in the Southern Ocean carbon cycle P. Boyd et al. 10.1038/s43017-024-00531-3
- First description of in situ chlorophyll fluorescence signal within East Antarctic coastal polynyas during fall and winter L. Bourreau et al. 10.3389/fmars.2023.1186403
- Sea‐Ice Impacts Inter‐Annual Variability of Phytoplankton Bloom Characteristics and Carbon Export in the Weddell Sea I. Giddy et al. 10.1029/2023GL103695
- Exploring controls on the timing of the phytoplankton bloom in western Baffin Bay, Canadian Arctic M. Benoît-Gagné et al. 10.1525/elementa.2024.00008
- Phytoplankton bloom distribution and succession driven by sea-ice melt in the Kong Håkon VII Hav M. Lenss et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00122
- LIGHT-bgcArgo-1.0: using synthetic float capabilities in E3SMv2 to assess spatiotemporal variability in ocean physics and biogeochemistry C. Nissen et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-6415-2024
- The seasonal patterns of hydrographic and biogeochemical variables in the Ross Sea: A BGC-Argo analysis R. Cao et al. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2024.105436
- Biogeochemical‐Argo floats show that chlorophyll increases before carbon in the high‐latitude Southern Ocean spring bloom C. Vives et al. 10.1002/lol2.10322
- Polar oceans and sea ice in a changing climate M. Willis et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00056
- Grazing behavior and winter phytoplankton accumulation M. Freilich et al. 10.5194/bg-18-5595-2021
- Diatoms, tintinnids, and the protist community of the western Weddell Sea in summer: latitudinal distribution and biogeographic boundaries N. Trifoglio et al. 10.1007/s00300-023-03125-9
- Changing phytoplankton phenology in the marginal ice zone west of the Antarctic Peninsula J. Turner et al. 10.3354/meps14567
Latest update: 01 Apr 2025
Short summary
This paper examines the question of what causes the rapid spring growth of microscopic marine algae (phytoplankton) in the ice-covered ocean surrounding Antarctica. One prominent hypothesis proposes that the melting of sea ice is the primary cause, while our results suggest that this is only part of the explanation. In particular, we show that phytoplankton are able to start growing before the sea ice melts appreciably, much earlier than previously thought.
This paper examines the question of what causes the rapid spring growth of microscopic marine...
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