Articles | Volume 18, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-621-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-621-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Jan 2021
Research article |
| 27 Jan 2021
| 27 Jan 2021
Retrieval and validation of forest background reflectivity from daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data across European forests
Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tõravere, Tartumaa, Estonia
Angela Erb
School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Lauri Korhonen
School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
Tobias Biermann
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Arnaud Carrara
Fundación CEAM, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
Edoardo Cremonese
ARPA Valle d'Aosta, Saint-Christophe, Italy
Matthias Cuntz
Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
Silvano Fares
CNR – National Research Council, Rome, Italy
Giacomo Gerosa
Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
Thomas Grünwald
Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Department of Hydro Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Niklas Hase
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
Michal Heliasz
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Andreas Ibrom
Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Alexander Knohl
Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Johannes Kobler
Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Vienna, Austria
Bart Kruijt
Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Holger Lange
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
Leena Leppänen
Space and Earth Observation Centre, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finland
Jean-Marc Limousin
CEFE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Francisco Ramon Lopez Serrano
IER-ETSIAM, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
Denis Loustau
INRAE, Bordeaux, France
Petr Lukeš
Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech
Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
Lars Lundin
Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Riccardo Marzuoli
Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
Meelis Mölder
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Leonardo Montagnani
Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
Forest Services, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
Johan Neirynck
INBO, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
Matthias Peichl
Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
Corinna Rebmann
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
Eva Rubio
IER-ETSIAM, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
Margarida Santos-Reis
cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes,
Lisbon, Portugal
Crystal Schaaf
School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Marius Schmidt
Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
Guillaume Simioni
INRAE URFM, Avignon, France
Kamel Soudani
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Orsay, France
Caroline Vincke
Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Viewed
Total article views: 4,633 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 04 Nov 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,591 | 957 | 85 | 4,633 | 99 | 115 |
- HTML: 3,591
- PDF: 957
- XML: 85
- Total: 4,633
- BibTeX: 99
- EndNote: 115
Total article views: 3,813 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 27 Jan 2021)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,977 | 756 | 80 | 3,813 | 93 | 109 |
- HTML: 2,977
- PDF: 756
- XML: 80
- Total: 3,813
- BibTeX: 93
- EndNote: 109
Total article views: 820 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 04 Nov 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 614 | 201 | 5 | 820 | 6 | 6 |
- HTML: 614
- PDF: 201
- XML: 5
- Total: 820
- BibTeX: 6
- EndNote: 6
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,633 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,263 with geography defined
and 370 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,813 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,612 with geography defined
and 201 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 820 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 651 with geography defined
and 169 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A radar backscatter simulation of a forest canopy using 3D physical structures derived from LiDAR scanning V. Escobar-Ruiz et al. 10.1080/01431161.2024.2403626
- Soil respiration variation along an altitudinal gradient in the Italian Alps: Disentangling forest structure and temperature effects A. Badraghi et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0247893
- Synergistic use of multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing data and airborne LiDAR to retrieve forest floor reflectance A. Hovi et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113610
- Comparison of forest canopy gap fraction measurements from drone-based video frames, below-canopy hemispherical photography, and airborne laser scanning M. Lang et al. 10.1080/22797254.2025.2456629
- Relationships between understory spectra and fractional cover in northern European boreal forests P. Forsström et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108604
- AVHRR NDVI Compositing Method Comparison and Generation of Multi-Decadal Time Series—A TIMELINE Thematic Processor S. Asam et al. 10.3390/rs15061631
- Influence of Varying Solar Zenith Angles on Land Surface Phenology Derived from Vegetation Indices: A Case Study in the Harvard Forest Y. Li et al. 10.3390/rs13204126
- Exploring the potential of SAR and terrestrial and airborne LiDAR in predicting forest floor spectral properties in temperate and boreal forests A. Mercier et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114486
- Airborne Measurements of Surface Albedo and Leaf Area Index of Snow‐Covered Boreal Forest T. Manninen et al. 10.1029/2021JD035376
- A comparative study of long-time series of global-scale albedo products L. Mengyao et al. 10.1080/17538947.2023.2168773
- Earth-Observation-Based Monitoring of Forests in Germany—Recent Progress and Research Frontiers: A Review S. Holzwarth et al. 10.3390/rs15174234
- Hyperspectral indicators and characterization of glyphosate-induced stress in common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) M. Soto et al. 10.1016/j.atech.2025.100890
- An in situ approach for validation of canopy chlorophyll fluorescence radiative transfer models using the full emission spectrum W. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114490
- Dynamic parameterization of global land surface albedo components: Bare soil, non-photosynthetic vegetation, and photosynthetic vegetation A. Jia et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2025.114943
- Analysing far-red SIF directional anisotropy of three structurally contrasting forest canopies towards improved GPP estimation W. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109531
- The dynamics of the carbon storage and fluxes in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chronosequence V. Uri et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152973
- Identifying the main drivers of the seasonal decline of near-infrared reflectance of a temperate deciduous forest N. Hase et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108746
- Links between light availability and spectral properties of forest floor in European forests P. Forsström et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109481
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A radar backscatter simulation of a forest canopy using 3D physical structures derived from LiDAR scanning V. Escobar-Ruiz et al. 10.1080/01431161.2024.2403626
- Soil respiration variation along an altitudinal gradient in the Italian Alps: Disentangling forest structure and temperature effects A. Badraghi et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0247893
- Synergistic use of multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing data and airborne LiDAR to retrieve forest floor reflectance A. Hovi et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113610
- Comparison of forest canopy gap fraction measurements from drone-based video frames, below-canopy hemispherical photography, and airborne laser scanning M. Lang et al. 10.1080/22797254.2025.2456629
- Relationships between understory spectra and fractional cover in northern European boreal forests P. Forsström et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108604
- AVHRR NDVI Compositing Method Comparison and Generation of Multi-Decadal Time Series—A TIMELINE Thematic Processor S. Asam et al. 10.3390/rs15061631
- Influence of Varying Solar Zenith Angles on Land Surface Phenology Derived from Vegetation Indices: A Case Study in the Harvard Forest Y. Li et al. 10.3390/rs13204126
- Exploring the potential of SAR and terrestrial and airborne LiDAR in predicting forest floor spectral properties in temperate and boreal forests A. Mercier et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114486
- Airborne Measurements of Surface Albedo and Leaf Area Index of Snow‐Covered Boreal Forest T. Manninen et al. 10.1029/2021JD035376
- A comparative study of long-time series of global-scale albedo products L. Mengyao et al. 10.1080/17538947.2023.2168773
- Earth-Observation-Based Monitoring of Forests in Germany—Recent Progress and Research Frontiers: A Review S. Holzwarth et al. 10.3390/rs15174234
- Hyperspectral indicators and characterization of glyphosate-induced stress in common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) M. Soto et al. 10.1016/j.atech.2025.100890
- An in situ approach for validation of canopy chlorophyll fluorescence radiative transfer models using the full emission spectrum W. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114490
- Dynamic parameterization of global land surface albedo components: Bare soil, non-photosynthetic vegetation, and photosynthetic vegetation A. Jia et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2025.114943
- Analysing far-red SIF directional anisotropy of three structurally contrasting forest canopies towards improved GPP estimation W. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109531
- The dynamics of the carbon storage and fluxes in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chronosequence V. Uri et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152973
- Identifying the main drivers of the seasonal decline of near-infrared reflectance of a temperate deciduous forest N. Hase et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108746
- Links between light availability and spectral properties of forest floor in European forests P. Forsström et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109481
Latest update: 30 Oct 2025
Short summary
Understory vegetation is the most diverse, least understood component of forests worldwide. Understory communities are important drivers of overstory succession and nutrient cycling. Multi-angle remote sensing enables us to describe surface properties by means that are not possible when using mono-angle data. Evaluated over an extensive set of forest ecosystem experimental sites in Europe, our reported method can deliver good retrievals, especially over different forest types with open canopies.
Understory vegetation is the most diverse, least understood component of forests worldwide....
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint