Articles | Volume 19, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4387-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4387-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Sep 2022
Research article |
| 14 Sep 2022
| 14 Sep 2022
Consistent responses of vegetation gas exchange to elevated atmospheric CO2 emerge from heuristic and optimization models
Stefano Manzoni
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm,
10691, Sweden
Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm,
10691, Sweden
Simone Fatichi
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University
of Singapore, Singapore
Xue Feng
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
MN 55455, USA
Gabriel G. Katul
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University,
Durham, NC 27708-0287, USA
Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287,
USA
Danielle Way
Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287,
USA
Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario,
N6A 5B7, Canada
Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
Giulia Vico
Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
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Cited
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Overview: Global change effects on terrestrial biogeochemistry at the plant–soil interface L. Fuchslueger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3959-2024
- Evidence and Controls of the Acceleration of the Hydrological Cycle Over Land Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033970
- Impacts of climate change and vegetation response on future aridity in a Mediterranean catchment L. Villani et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108878
- Grassland allocate more biomass to belowground organs compared to forests under elevated CO2: A global meta-analysis Q. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-08018-w
- Assessments of eight ET products based on long-term multi-source water balance elements in 133 catchments across China X. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135928
- Overestimated global dryland expansion with substantial increases in vegetation productivity under climate warming Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/accfb1
- Decomposition rate as an emergent property of optimal microbial foraging S. Manzoni et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1094269
- Effects of thinning on soil water content and water use characteristics of artificial forest in the Loess Plateau of China Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.108997
- Depth dimension in seepage detection: Insights for exploration and geological gas storage surveillance I. Atwah et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoen.2024.213242
- The threshold response of net ecosystem productivity to vapor pressure deficit changes is significantly lower in global karst regions than the global average Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115143
- Nonstationary Spatiotemporal Projection of Drought Across Seven Climate Regions of China in the 21st Century Based on a Novel Drought Index Z. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17223206
- Optimizing hydrogen storage: A comparative economic and financial analysis for sustainable energy markets M. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.053
- Contrasting leaf structural, photosynthetic and allocation responses to elevated [CO2] in different-aged leaves of tropical fruit trees Persea americana and Annona muricata Y. Abiola et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109842
- Assessing the long-term water footprint of olive grove under changing climate (Apulia, Italy) M. Leone et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109875
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Overview: Global change effects on terrestrial biogeochemistry at the plant–soil interface L. Fuchslueger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3959-2024
- Evidence and Controls of the Acceleration of the Hydrological Cycle Over Land Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033970
- Impacts of climate change and vegetation response on future aridity in a Mediterranean catchment L. Villani et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108878
- Grassland allocate more biomass to belowground organs compared to forests under elevated CO2: A global meta-analysis Q. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-08018-w
- Assessments of eight ET products based on long-term multi-source water balance elements in 133 catchments across China X. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135928
- Overestimated global dryland expansion with substantial increases in vegetation productivity under climate warming Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/accfb1
- Decomposition rate as an emergent property of optimal microbial foraging S. Manzoni et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1094269
- Effects of thinning on soil water content and water use characteristics of artificial forest in the Loess Plateau of China Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.108997
- Depth dimension in seepage detection: Insights for exploration and geological gas storage surveillance I. Atwah et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoen.2024.213242
- The threshold response of net ecosystem productivity to vapor pressure deficit changes is significantly lower in global karst regions than the global average Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115143
- Nonstationary Spatiotemporal Projection of Drought Across Seven Climate Regions of China in the 21st Century Based on a Novel Drought Index Z. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17223206
- Optimizing hydrogen storage: A comparative economic and financial analysis for sustainable energy markets M. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.053
- Contrasting leaf structural, photosynthetic and allocation responses to elevated [CO2] in different-aged leaves of tropical fruit trees Persea americana and Annona muricata Y. Abiola et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109842
- Assessing the long-term water footprint of olive grove under changing climate (Apulia, Italy) M. Leone et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109875
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 08 Jul 2026
Short summary
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) causes leaves to close their stomata (through which water evaporates) but also promotes leaf growth. Even if individual leaves save water, how much will be consumed by a whole plant with possibly more leaves? Using different mathematical models, we show that plant stands that are not very dense and can grow more leaves will benefit from higher CO2 by photosynthesizing more while adjusting their stomata to consume similar amounts of water.
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) causes leaves to close their stomata (through which...
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