Articles | Volume 19, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-559-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-559-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Representativeness assessment of the pan-Arctic eddy covariance site network and optimized future enhancements
Martijn M. T. A. Pallandt
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for
Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
Jitendra Kumar
Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak
Ridge, TN 37831, USA
Marguerite Mauritz
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso,
El Paso, TX 79902, USA
Edward A. G. Schuur
Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, and Department of Biological
Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
Anna-Maria Virkkala
Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
Gerardo Celis
Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
Forrest M. Hoffman
Computer Science and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
Mathias Göckede
Department of Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for
Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Cited
51 citations as recorded by crossref.
- State of the Art in Monitoring Methane Emissions from Arctic–boreal Wetlands and Lakes M. Mahdianpari et al.
- Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments A. Mavrovic et al.
- Cold‐Season Methane Fluxes Simulated by GCP‐CH4 Models A. Ito et al.
- WetCH4: a machine-learning-based upscaling of methane fluxes of northern wetlands during 2016–2022 Q. Ying et al.
- The land–ocean Arctic carbon cycle J. Vonk et al.
- Bridging the gap in carbon cycle studies: Meteorological station-based carbon flux dataset as a complement to EC towers W. Zhang et al.
- Advancing the Arctic Methane Permafrost Challenge (AMPAC) With Future Satellite Missions A. Bartsch et al.
- Resolving heterogeneous fluxes from tundra halves the growing season carbon budget S. Ludwig et al.
- Assessing the SMAP Level-4 Carbon Product Over the Arctic and Subarctic Zones R. Madelon et al.
- Vulnerability of Arctic-Boreal methane emissions to climate change F. Parmentier et al.
- Ecosystem functional types of the circumpolar Arctic tundra based on the seasonal dynamics of vegetation productivity A. Armstrong et al.
- High-resolution spatial patterns and drivers of terrestrial ecosystem carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide fluxes in the tundra A. Virkkala et al.
- High sensitivity of cloud formation to aerosol changes A. Virtanen et al.
- Russian collaboration loss risks permafrost carbon emissions network E. Schuur et al.
- Investigating the role of groundwater in ecosystem water use efficiency in India considering irrigation, climate and land use A. Singh et al.
- Winter temperature and growing season CO<sub>2</sub> budgets of deciduous needle leaf forest in eastern Siberia A. KOTANI et al.
- Recent intensified riverine CO2 emission across the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region C. Mu et al.
- Are Nature-Based Climate Solutions in the Russian Arctic Feasible? A Review S. Dudov et al.
- Spatial sampling design optimization of monitoring network for terrestrial ecosystem in China W. Xiaojing et al.
- Spatially resolved mass flux measurements with dual-comb spectroscopy D. Yun et al.
- Permafrost Landscape History Shapes Fluvial Chemistry, Ecosystem Carbon Balance, and Potential Trajectories of Future Change S. Zolkos et al.
- Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF): Towards a Better Understanding of Vegetation Dynamics and Carbon Uptake in Arctic-Boreal Ecosystems R. Cheng
- Using atmospheric observations to quantify annual biogenic carbon dioxide fluxes on the Alaska North Slope L. Schiferl et al.
- Pan‐Arctic soil moisture control on tundra carbon sequestration and plant productivity D. Zona et al.
- Field-Layer Vegetation and Water Table Level as a Proxy of CO2 Exchange in the West Siberian Boreal Bog D. Ilyasov et al.
- Impacts of benchmarking choices on inferred model skill of the Arctic–Boreal terrestrial carbon cycle J. Poe et al.
- Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget J. Watts et al.
- Increase in gross primary production of boreal forests balanced out by increase in ecosystem respiration J. Pulliainen et al.
- Constraining a data-driven CO2 flux model by ecosystem and atmospheric observations using atmospheric transport S. Upton et al.
- Incorporating permafrost into climate mitigation and adaptation policy S. Natali et al.
- If the Yedoma thaws, will we notice? Quantifying detection limits of top-down methane monitoring infrastructures M. Pallandt et al.
- The spatial and environmental distribution of the global eddy covariance tower network P. Stoy et al.
- ARGO: ARctic greenhouse Gas Observation metadata version 1 J. Vogt et al.
- Decadal increases in carbon uptake offset by respiratory losses across northern permafrost ecosystems C. See et al.
- Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic E. Schuur et al.
- Estimating methane emissions in the Arctic nations using surface observations from 2008 to 2019 S. Wittig et al.
- Record 2024 winter carbon emissions coincide with record warmth across boreal forest, tundra, and wetland ecosystems G. Falvo et al.
- Arctic springtime temperature and energy flux interannual variability is driven by 1- to 2-week frequency atmospheric events R. Grysko et al.
- A view of the European carbon flux landscape through the lens of the ICOS atmospheric observation network I. Storm et al.
- Reviews and syntheses: Recent advances in microwave remote sensing in support of terrestrial carbon cycle science in Arctic–boreal regions A. Mavrovic et al.
- Assessing Spatial Representativeness of Global Flux Tower Eddy-Covariance Measurements Using Data from FLUXNET2015 J. Fang et al.
- Wildfires offset the increasing but spatially heterogeneous Arctic–boreal CO2 uptake A. Virkkala et al.
- Variability and uncertainty in net ecosystem carbon exchange modeling: Systematic estimates at global flux sites via ensemble machine learning N. Wang et al.
- Comprehensive framework for assessing and optimizing existing research networks A. East et al.
- Global warming driving increased winter CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region Y. Wei et al.
- Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone K. Arndt et al.
- Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites D. Reed et al.
- Evaluating photosynthetic activity across Arctic-Boreal land cover types using solar-induced fluorescence R. Cheng et al.
- Evaporation measurements using commercial microwave links as scintillometers L. van der Valk et al.
- Soil–Atmosphere Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in a Background Area in the Tomsk Region (Western Siberia) M. Arshinov et al.
- Quantifying Arctic-boreal methane emissions using atmospheric observations and a global inverse model L. Basso et al.
51 citations as recorded by crossref.
- State of the Art in Monitoring Methane Emissions from Arctic–boreal Wetlands and Lakes M. Mahdianpari et al.
- Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments A. Mavrovic et al.
- Cold‐Season Methane Fluxes Simulated by GCP‐CH4 Models A. Ito et al.
- WetCH4: a machine-learning-based upscaling of methane fluxes of northern wetlands during 2016–2022 Q. Ying et al.
- The land–ocean Arctic carbon cycle J. Vonk et al.
- Bridging the gap in carbon cycle studies: Meteorological station-based carbon flux dataset as a complement to EC towers W. Zhang et al.
- Advancing the Arctic Methane Permafrost Challenge (AMPAC) With Future Satellite Missions A. Bartsch et al.
- Resolving heterogeneous fluxes from tundra halves the growing season carbon budget S. Ludwig et al.
- Assessing the SMAP Level-4 Carbon Product Over the Arctic and Subarctic Zones R. Madelon et al.
- Vulnerability of Arctic-Boreal methane emissions to climate change F. Parmentier et al.
- Ecosystem functional types of the circumpolar Arctic tundra based on the seasonal dynamics of vegetation productivity A. Armstrong et al.
- High-resolution spatial patterns and drivers of terrestrial ecosystem carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide fluxes in the tundra A. Virkkala et al.
- High sensitivity of cloud formation to aerosol changes A. Virtanen et al.
- Russian collaboration loss risks permafrost carbon emissions network E. Schuur et al.
- Investigating the role of groundwater in ecosystem water use efficiency in India considering irrigation, climate and land use A. Singh et al.
- Winter temperature and growing season CO<sub>2</sub> budgets of deciduous needle leaf forest in eastern Siberia A. KOTANI et al.
- Recent intensified riverine CO2 emission across the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region C. Mu et al.
- Are Nature-Based Climate Solutions in the Russian Arctic Feasible? A Review S. Dudov et al.
- Spatial sampling design optimization of monitoring network for terrestrial ecosystem in China W. Xiaojing et al.
- Spatially resolved mass flux measurements with dual-comb spectroscopy D. Yun et al.
- Permafrost Landscape History Shapes Fluvial Chemistry, Ecosystem Carbon Balance, and Potential Trajectories of Future Change S. Zolkos et al.
- Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF): Towards a Better Understanding of Vegetation Dynamics and Carbon Uptake in Arctic-Boreal Ecosystems R. Cheng
- Using atmospheric observations to quantify annual biogenic carbon dioxide fluxes on the Alaska North Slope L. Schiferl et al.
- Pan‐Arctic soil moisture control on tundra carbon sequestration and plant productivity D. Zona et al.
- Field-Layer Vegetation and Water Table Level as a Proxy of CO2 Exchange in the West Siberian Boreal Bog D. Ilyasov et al.
- Impacts of benchmarking choices on inferred model skill of the Arctic–Boreal terrestrial carbon cycle J. Poe et al.
- Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget J. Watts et al.
- Increase in gross primary production of boreal forests balanced out by increase in ecosystem respiration J. Pulliainen et al.
- Constraining a data-driven CO2 flux model by ecosystem and atmospheric observations using atmospheric transport S. Upton et al.
- Incorporating permafrost into climate mitigation and adaptation policy S. Natali et al.
- If the Yedoma thaws, will we notice? Quantifying detection limits of top-down methane monitoring infrastructures M. Pallandt et al.
- The spatial and environmental distribution of the global eddy covariance tower network P. Stoy et al.
- ARGO: ARctic greenhouse Gas Observation metadata version 1 J. Vogt et al.
- Decadal increases in carbon uptake offset by respiratory losses across northern permafrost ecosystems C. See et al.
- Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic E. Schuur et al.
- Estimating methane emissions in the Arctic nations using surface observations from 2008 to 2019 S. Wittig et al.
- Record 2024 winter carbon emissions coincide with record warmth across boreal forest, tundra, and wetland ecosystems G. Falvo et al.
- Arctic springtime temperature and energy flux interannual variability is driven by 1- to 2-week frequency atmospheric events R. Grysko et al.
- A view of the European carbon flux landscape through the lens of the ICOS atmospheric observation network I. Storm et al.
- Reviews and syntheses: Recent advances in microwave remote sensing in support of terrestrial carbon cycle science in Arctic–boreal regions A. Mavrovic et al.
- Assessing Spatial Representativeness of Global Flux Tower Eddy-Covariance Measurements Using Data from FLUXNET2015 J. Fang et al.
- Wildfires offset the increasing but spatially heterogeneous Arctic–boreal CO2 uptake A. Virkkala et al.
- Variability and uncertainty in net ecosystem carbon exchange modeling: Systematic estimates at global flux sites via ensemble machine learning N. Wang et al.
- Comprehensive framework for assessing and optimizing existing research networks A. East et al.
- Global warming driving increased winter CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region Y. Wei et al.
- Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone K. Arndt et al.
- Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites D. Reed et al.
- Evaluating photosynthetic activity across Arctic-Boreal land cover types using solar-induced fluorescence R. Cheng et al.
- Evaporation measurements using commercial microwave links as scintillometers L. van der Valk et al.
- Soil–Atmosphere Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in a Background Area in the Tomsk Region (Western Siberia) M. Arshinov et al.
- Quantifying Arctic-boreal methane emissions using atmospheric observations and a global inverse model L. Basso et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Apr 2026
Short summary
Thawing of Arctic permafrost soils could trigger the release of vast amounts of carbon to the atmosphere, thus enhancing climate change. Our study investigated how well the current network of eddy covariance sites to monitor greenhouse gas exchange at local scales captures pan-Arctic flux patterns. We identified large coverage gaps, e.g., in Siberia, but also demonstrated that a targeted addition of relatively few sites can significantly improve network performance.
Thawing of Arctic permafrost soils could trigger the release of vast amounts of carbon to the...
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