Articles | Volume 20, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2049-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2049-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 Jun 2023
Research article |
| 06 Jun 2023
| 06 Jun 2023
Relationships between greenhouse gas production and landscape position during short-term permafrost thaw under anaerobic conditions in the Lena Delta
Mélissa Laurent
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Permafrost section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Potsdam, Germany
Matthias Fuchs
Permafrost section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Potsdam, Germany
Tanja Herbst
Permafrost section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Potsdam, Germany
Alexandra Runge
Permafrost section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Potsdam, Germany
Susanne Liebner
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology,
Potsdam, Germany
University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology,
Potsdam, Germany
Claire C. Treat
Permafrost section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Potsdam, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Katharina Jentzsch, Lona van Delden, Matthias Fuchs, and Claire C. Treat
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-381, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-381, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming, but we do not fully understand how much is released from natural sources like wetlands. To measure methane over large areas, many measurements are needed, often from small chambers that are placed on the ground. However, different researchers use different measurement setups, making it hard to combine data. We surveyed 36 researchers about their methods, summarized the responses, and identified ways to make the data more comparable.
Maren Jenrich, Juliane Wolter, Susanne Liebner, Christian Knoblauch, Guido Grosse, Fiona Giebeler, Dustin Whalen, and Jens Strauss
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2891, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2891, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate warming in the Arctic is causing the erosion of permafrost coasts and the transformation of permafrost lakes into lagoons. To understand how this affects greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, we studied carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) production in lagoons with varying sea connections. Younger lagoons produce more CH₄, while CO₂ increases in more marine conditions. Flooding of permafrost lowlands due to rising sea levels may lead to higher GHG emissions from Arctic coasts in the future.
Katharina Jentzsch, Elisa Männistö, Maija E. Marushchak, Aino Korrensalo, Lona van Delden, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Christian Knoblauch, and Claire C. Treat
Biogeosciences, 21, 3761–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3761-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3761-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During cold seasons, methane release from northern wetlands is important but often underestimated. We studied a boreal bog to understand methane emissions in spring and fall. At cold temperatures, methane release decreases due to lower production rates, but efficient methane transport through plant structures, decaying plants, and the release of methane stored in the pore water keep emissions ongoing. Understanding these seasonal processes can improve models for methane release in cold climates.
Alexandra Runge, Verena Bischoff, Pia Petzold, Katharina Schwarzkopf, and Sarah Wocheslander
Polarforschung, 91, 59–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-59-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-59-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The 6th European Conference on Permafrost (EUCOP), hosted by the International Permafrost Association (IPA), brought together researchers from all over the world in Puigcerdà, Spain, on 18–22 June 2023. The conference covered a number of relevant aspects of permafrost research. This is a report from five early-career researchers who attended the conference and presented their research.
Olga Ogneva, Gesine Mollenhauer, Bennet Juhls, Tina Sanders, Juri Palmtag, Matthias Fuchs, Hendrik Grotheer, Paul J. Mann, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 20, 1423–1441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1423-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1423-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic warming accelerates permafrost thaw and release of terrestrial organic matter (OM) via rivers to the Arctic Ocean. We compared particulate organic carbon (POC), total suspended matter, and C isotopes (δ13C and Δ14C of POC) in the Lena delta and Lena River along a ~1600 km transect. We show that the Lena delta, as an interface between the Lena River and the Arctic Ocean, plays a crucial role in determining the qualitative and quantitative composition of OM discharged into the Arctic Ocean.
Simeon Lisovski, Alexandra Runge, Iuliia Shevtsova, Nele Landgraf, Anne Morgenstern, Ronald Reagan Okoth, Matthias Fuchs, Nikolay Lashchinskiy, Carl Stadie, Alison Beamish, Ulrike Herzschuh, Guido Grosse, and Birgit Heim
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-36, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-36, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The Lena Delta is the largest river delta in the Arctic, and represents a biodiversity hotspot. Here, we describe multiple field datasets and a detailed habitat classification map for the Lena Delta. We present context and methods of these openly available datasets and show how they can improve our understanding of the rapidly changing Arctic tundra system.
Cordula Nina Gutekunst, Susanne Liebner, Anna-Kathrina Jenner, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Viktoria Unger, Franziska Koebsch, Erwin Don Racasa, Sizhong Yang, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Manon Janssen, Jens Kallmeyer, Denise Otto, Iris Schmiedinger, Lucas Winski, and Gerald Jurasinski
Biogeosciences, 19, 3625–3648, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3625-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3625-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Methane emissions decreased after a seawater inflow and a preceding drought in freshwater rewetted coastal peatland. However, our microbial and greenhouse gas measurements did not indicate that methane consumers increased. Rather, methane producers co-existed in high numbers with their usual competitors, the sulfate-cycling bacteria. We studied the peat soil and aimed to cover the soil–atmosphere continuum to better understand the sources of methane production and consumption.
Matthias Fuchs, Juri Palmtag, Bennet Juhls, Pier Paul Overduin, Guido Grosse, Ahmed Abdelwahab, Michael Bedington, Tina Sanders, Olga Ogneva, Irina V. Fedorova, Nikita S. Zimov, Paul J. Mann, and Jens Strauss
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2279–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2279-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2279-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We created digital, high-resolution bathymetry data sets for the Lena Delta and Kolyma Gulf regions in northeastern Siberia. Based on nautical charts, we digitized depth points and isobath lines, which serve as an input for a 50 m bathymetry model. The benefit of this data set is the accurate mapping of near-shore areas as well as the offshore continuation of the main deep river channels. This will improve the estimation of river outflow and the nutrient flux output into the coastal zone.
Charlotte Haugk, Loeka L. Jongejans, Kai Mangelsdorf, Matthias Fuchs, Olga Ogneva, Juri Palmtag, Gesine Mollenhauer, Paul J. Mann, P. Paul Overduin, Guido Grosse, Tina Sanders, Robyn E. Tuerena, Lutz Schirrmeister, Sebastian Wetterich, Alexander Kizyakov, Cornelia Karger, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 19, 2079–2094, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Buried animal and plant remains (carbon) from the last ice age were freeze-locked in permafrost. At an extremely fast eroding permafrost cliff in the Lena Delta (Siberia), we found this formerly frozen carbon well preserved. Our results show that ongoing degradation releases substantial amounts of this carbon, making it available for future carbon emissions. This mobilisation at the studied cliff and also similarly eroding sites bear the potential to affect rivers and oceans negatively.
David Olefeldt, Mikael Hovemyr, McKenzie A. Kuhn, David Bastviken, Theodore J. Bohn, John Connolly, Patrick Crill, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Sarah A. Finkelstein, Hélène Genet, Guido Grosse, Lorna I. Harris, Liam Heffernan, Manuel Helbig, Gustaf Hugelius, Ryan Hutchins, Sari Juutinen, Mark J. Lara, Avni Malhotra, Kristen Manies, A. David McGuire, Susan M. Natali, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Aleksi Räsänen, Christina Schädel, Oliver Sonnentag, Maria Strack, Suzanne E. Tank, Claire Treat, Ruth K. Varner, Tarmo Virtanen, Rebecca K. Warren, and Jennifer D. Watts
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5127–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands, lakes, and rivers are important sources of the greenhouse gas methane to the atmosphere. To understand current and future methane emissions from northern regions, we need maps that show the extent and distribution of specific types of wetlands, lakes, and rivers. The Boreal–Arctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD) provides maps of five wetland types, seven lake types, and three river types for northern regions and will improve our ability to predict future methane emissions.
Claude-Michel Nzotungicimpaye, Kirsten Zickfeld, Andrew H. MacDougall, Joe R. Melton, Claire C. Treat, Michael Eby, and Lance F. W. Lesack
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6215–6240, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6215-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6215-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we describe a new wetland methane model (WETMETH) developed for use in Earth system models. WETMETH consists of simple formulations to represent methane production and oxidation in wetlands. We also present an evaluation of the model performance as embedded in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM). WETMETH is capable of reproducing mean annual methane emissions consistent with present-day estimates from the regional to the global scale.
Ines Spangenberg, Pier Paul Overduin, Ellen Damm, Ingeborg Bussmann, Hanno Meyer, Susanne Liebner, Michael Angelopoulos, Boris K. Biskaborn, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, and Guido Grosse
The Cryosphere, 15, 1607–1625, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Thermokarst lakes are common on ice-rich permafrost. Many studies have shown that they are sources of methane to the atmosphere. Although they are usually covered by ice, little is known about what happens to methane in winter. We studied how much methane is contained in the ice of a thermokarst lake, a thermokarst lagoon and offshore. Methane concentrations differed strongly, depending on water body type. Microbes can also oxidize methane in ice and lower the concentrations during winter.
Sebastian Wetterich, Alexander Kizyakov, Michael Fritz, Juliane Wolter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Hanno Meyer, Matthias Fuchs, Aleksei Aksenov, Heidrun Matthes, Lutz Schirrmeister, and Thomas Opel
The Cryosphere, 14, 4525–4551, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4525-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4525-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the present study, we analysed geochemical and sedimentological properties of relict permafrost and ground ice exposed at the Sobo-Sise Yedoma cliff in the eastern Lena delta in NE Siberia. We obtained insight into permafrost aggradation and degradation over the last approximately 52 000 years and the climatic and morphodynamic controls on regional-scale permafrost dynamics of the central Laptev Sea coastal region.
Arthur Monhonval, Sophie Opfergelt, Elisabeth Mauclet, Benoît Pereira, Aubry Vandeuren, Guido Grosse, Lutz Schirrmeister, Matthias Fuchs, Peter Kuhry, and Jens Strauss
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-359, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-359, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
With global warming, ice-rich permafrost soils expose organic carbon to microbial degradation and unlock mineral elements as well. Interactions between mineral elements and organic carbon may enhance or mitigate microbial degradation. Here, we provide a large scale ice-rich permafrost mineral concentrations assessment and estimates of mineral element stocks in those deposits. Si is the most abundant mineral element and Fe and Al are present in the same order of magnitude as organic carbon.
Torben Windirsch, Guido Grosse, Mathias Ulrich, Lutz Schirrmeister, Alexander N. Fedorov, Pavel Y. Konstantinov, Matthias Fuchs, Loeka L. Jongejans, Juliane Wolter, Thomas Opel, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 17, 3797–3814, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3797-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3797-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To extend the knowledge on circumpolar deep permafrost carbon storage, we examined two deep permafrost deposit types (Yedoma and alas) in central Yakutia. We found little but partially undecomposed organic carbon as a result of largely changing sedimentation processes. The carbon stock of the examined Yedoma deposits is about 50 % lower than the general Yedoma domain mean, implying a very hetererogeneous Yedoma composition, while the alas is approximately 80 % below the thermokarst deposit mean.
Christina Schädel, Jeffrey Beem-Miller, Mina Aziz Rad, Susan E. Crow, Caitlin E. Hicks Pries, Jessica Ernakovich, Alison M. Hoyt, Alain Plante, Shane Stoner, Claire C. Treat, and Carlos A. Sierra
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1511–1524, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1511-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1511-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon loss to the atmosphere via microbial decomposition is often assessed by laboratory soil incubation studies that measure greenhouse gases released from soils under controlled conditions. Here, we introduce the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb) version 1.0, a compilation of time series data from incubations, structured into a new, publicly available, open-access database of carbon dioxide and methane flux. We also provide guidance for database entry and the required variables.
Corey R. Lawrence, Jeffrey Beem-Miller, Alison M. Hoyt, Grey Monroe, Carlos A. Sierra, Shane Stoner, Katherine Heckman, Joseph C. Blankinship, Susan E. Crow, Gavin McNicol, Susan Trumbore, Paul A. Levine, Olga Vindušková, Katherine Todd-Brown, Craig Rasmussen, Caitlin E. Hicks Pries, Christina Schädel, Karis McFarlane, Sebastian Doetterl, Christine Hatté, Yujie He, Claire Treat, Jennifer W. Harden, Margaret S. Torn, Cristian Estop-Aragonés, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Marco Keiluweit, Ágatha Della Rosa Kuhnen, Erika Marin-Spiotta, Alain F. Plante, Aaron Thompson, Zheng Shi, Joshua P. Schimel, Lydia J. S. Vaughn, Sophie F. von Fromm, and Rota Wagai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 61–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD) is an an open-source archive of soil data focused on datasets including radiocarbon measurements. ISRaD includes data from bulk or
whole soils, distinct soil carbon pools isolated in the laboratory by a variety of soil fractionation methods, samples of soil gas or water collected interstitially from within an intact soil profile, CO2 gas isolated from laboratory soil incubations, and fluxes collected in situ from a soil surface.
Franziska Koebsch, Matthias Winkel, Susanne Liebner, Bo Liu, Julia Westphal, Iris Schmiedinger, Alejandro Spitzy, Matthias Gehre, Gerald Jurasinski, Stefan Köhler, Viktoria Unger, Marian Koch, Torsten Sachs, and Michael E. Böttcher
Biogeosciences, 16, 1937–1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In natural coastal wetlands, high supplies of marine sulfate suppress methane production. We found these natural methane suppression mechanisms to be suspended by humane interference in a brackish wetland. Here, diking and freshwater rewetting had caused an efficient depletion of the sulfate reservoir and opened up favorable conditions for an intensive methane production. Our results demonstrate how human disturbance can turn coastal wetlands into distinct sources of the greenhouse gas methane.
Xi Wen, Viktoria Unger, Gerald Jurasinski, Franziska Koebsch, Fabian Horn, Gregor Rehder, Torsten Sachs, Dominik Zak, Gunnar Lischeid, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Michael E. Böttcher, Matthias Winkel, Paul L. E. Bodelier, and Susanne Liebner
Biogeosciences, 15, 6519–6536, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6519-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6519-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Rewetting drained peatlands may lead to prolonged emission of the greenhouse gas methane, but the underlying factors are not well described. In this study, we found two rewetted fens with known high methane fluxes had a high ratio of microbial methane producers to methane consumers and a low abundance of methane consumers compared to pristine wetlands. We therefore suggest abundances of methane-cycling microbes as potential indicators for prolonged high methane emissions in rewetted peatlands.
Loeka L. Jongejans, Jens Strauss, Josefine Lenz, Francien Peterse, Kai Mangelsdorf, Matthias Fuchs, and Guido Grosse
Biogeosciences, 15, 6033–6048, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6033-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6033-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic warming mobilizes belowground organic matter in northern high latitudes. This study focused on the size of organic carbon pools and organic matter quality in ice-rich permafrost on the Baldwin Peninsula, West Alaska. We analyzed biogeochemistry and found that three-quarters of the carbon is stored in degraded permafrost deposits. Nonetheless, using biomarker analyses, we showed that the organic matter in undisturbed yedoma permafrost has a higher potential for decomposition.
Matthias Fuchs, Guido Grosse, Jens Strauss, Frank Günther, Mikhail Grigoriev, Georgy M. Maximov, and Gustaf Hugelius
Biogeosciences, 15, 953–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-953-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-953-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper investigates soil organic carbon and nitrogen in permafrost soils on Sobo-Sise Island and Bykovsky Peninsula in the north of eastern Siberia. We collected and analysed permafrost soil cores and upscaled carbon and nitrogen stocks to landscape level. We found large amounts of carbon and nitrogen stored in these frozen soils, reconstructed sedimentation rates and estimated the potential increase in organic carbon availability if permafrost continues to thaw and active layer deepens.
J. E. Vonk, S. E. Tank, P. J. Mann, R. G. M. Spencer, C. C. Treat, R. G. Striegl, B. W. Abbott, and K. P. Wickland
Biogeosciences, 12, 6915–6930, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6915-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6915-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We found that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in arctic soils and aquatic systems is increasingly degradable with increasing permafrost extent. Also, DOC seems less degradable when moving down the fluvial network in continuous permafrost regions, i.e. from streams to large rivers, suggesting that highly bioavailable DOC is lost in headwater streams. We also recommend a standardized DOC incubation protocol to facilitate future comparison on processing and transport of DOC in a changing Arctic.
M. Fuchs, P. Kuhry, and G. Hugelius
The Cryosphere, 9, 427–438, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-427-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-427-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Greenhouse Gases
Carbon sequestration in different urban vegetation types in Southern Finland
Proglacial methane emissions driven by meltwater and groundwater flushing in a high-Arctic glacial catchment
Seasonal and interannual variability in CO2 fluxes in southern Africa seen by GOSAT
Air temperature and precipitation constraining the modelled wetland methane emissions in a boreal region in northern Europe
Ensemble estimates of global wetland methane emissions over 2000–2020
Seasonal carbon fluxes from vegetation and soil in a Mediterranean non-tidal salt marsh
Explainable machine learning for modeling of net ecosystem exchange in boreal forests
Dynamics of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in Red Sea mangrove soils
Nitrous oxide (N2O) in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania
Technical note: A low-cost, automatic soil–plant–atmosphere enclosure system to investigate CO2 and evapotranspiration flux dynamics
Tidal influence on carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from tree stems and soils in mangrove forests
Drought conditions disrupt atmospheric carbon uptake in a Mediterranean saline lake
Physicochemical perturbation increases nitrous oxide production from denitrification in soils and sediments
Carbon degradation and mobilisation potentials of thawing permafrost peatlands in northern Norway inferred from laboratory incubations
Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO2 and CH4 in the north-eastern Baltic Sea
Rising Arctic Seas and Thawing Permafrost: Uncovering the Carbon Cycle Impact in a Thermokarst Lagoon System in the outer Mackenzie Delta, Canada
Interannual and seasonal variability of the air–sea CO2 exchange at Utö in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea
Modelling decadal trends and the impact of extreme events on carbon fluxes in a deciduous temperate forest using the QUINCY model
CO2 emissions of drained coastal peatlands in the Netherlands and potential emission reduction by water infiltration systems
Intercomparison of biogenic CO2 flux models in four urban parks in the city of Zurich
Influence of wind strength and direction on diffusive methane fluxes and atmospheric methane concentrations above the North Sea
Surface CO2 Gradients Challenge Conventional CO2 Emission Quantification in Lentic Water Bodies under Calm Conditions
Eddy covariance fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O on a drained peatland forest after clearcutting
Spatiotemporal variability of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes from a semi-deciduous tropical forest soil in the Congo basin
Eddy Covariance Evaluation of Ecosystem Fluxes at a Temperate Saltmarsh in Victoria, Australia Shows Large CO2 Uptake
Using eddy covariance observations to determine the carbon sequestration characteristics of subalpine forests in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Isotopomer labeling and oxygen dependence of hybrid nitrous oxide production
The emission of CO from tropical rainforest soils
Interferences caused by the microbial methane cycle during the assessment of abandoned oil and gas wells
Modelling CO2 and N2O emissions from soils in silvopastoral systems of the West African Sahelian band
A case study on topsoil removal and rewetting for paludiculture: effect on biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions from Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Azolla filiculoides
Assessing improvements in global ocean pCO2 machine learning reconstructions with Southern Ocean autonomous sampling
Timescale dependence of airborne fraction and underlying climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks for weak perturbations in CMIP5 models
Technical note: Preventing CO2 overestimation from mercuric or copper(II) chloride preservation of dissolved greenhouse gases in freshwater samples
Exploring temporal and spatial variation of nitrous oxide flux using several years of peatland forest automatic chamber data
Diurnal versus spatial variability of greenhouse gas emissions from an anthropogenically modified lowland river in Germany
Regional assessment and uncertainty analysis of carbon and nitrogen balances at cropland scale using the ecosystem model LandscapeDNDC
Resolving heterogeneous fluxes from tundra halves the growing season carbon budget
Lawns and meadows in urban green space – a comparison from perspectives of greenhouse gases, drought resilience and plant functional types
Large contribution of soil N2O emission to the global warming potential of a large-scale oil palm plantation despite changing from conventional to reduced management practices
Identifying landscape hot and cold spots of soil greenhouse gas fluxes by combining field measurements and remote sensing data
Enhanced Southern Ocean CO2 outgassing as a result of stronger and poleward shifted southern hemispheric westerlies
Spatial and temporal variability of methane emissions and environmental conditions in a hyper-eutrophic fishpond
Optical and radar Earth observation data for upscaling methane emissions linked to permafrost degradation in sub-Arctic peatlands in northern Sweden
Herbivore–shrub interactions influence ecosystem respiration and biogenic volatile organic compound composition in the subarctic
Methane emissions due to reservoir flushing: a significant emission pathway?
Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from mounds of African fungus-growing termites
Diel and seasonal methane dynamics in the shallow and turbulent Wadden Sea
Technical note: Skirt chamber – an open dynamic method for the rapid and minimally intrusive measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands
Seasonal variability of nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions in a temperate estuary
Laura Thölix, Leif Backman, Minttu Havu, Esko Karvinen, Jesse Soininen, Justine Trémeau, Olli Nevalainen, Joyson Ahongshangbam, Leena Järvi, and Liisa Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 22, 725–749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-725-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-725-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Cities aim for carbon neutrality and seek to understand urban vegetation's role as a carbon sink. Direct measurements are challenging, so models are used to estimate the urban carbon cycle. We evaluated model performance at estimating carbon sequestration in lawns, park trees, and urban forests in Helsinki, Finland. Models captured seasonal and annual variations well. Trees had higher sequestration rates than lawns, and irrigation often enhanced carbon sinks.
Gabrielle E. Kleber, Leonard Magerl, Alexandra V. Turchyn, Stefan Schloemer, Mark Trimmer, Yizhu Zhu, and Andrew Hodson
Biogeosciences, 22, 659–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-659-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-659-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on Svalbard shows that glacier melt rivers can transport large amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. By studying a glacier over one summer, we found that its river was highly concentrated in methane, suggesting that rivers could provide a significant source of methane emissions as the Arctic warms and glaciers melt. This is the first time such emissions have been measured on Svalbard, indicating a wider environmental concern as such processes are occurring across the Arctic.
Eva-Marie Metz, Sanam Noreen Vardag, Sourish Basu, Martin Jung, and André Butz
Biogeosciences, 22, 555–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-555-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-555-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate CO2 fluxes in semiarid southern Africa from 2009 to 2018 based on satellite CO2 measurements and atmospheric inverse modeling. By selecting process-based vegetation models, which agree with the satellite CO2 fluxes, we find that soil respiration mainly drives the seasonality, whereas photosynthesis substantially influences the interannual variability. Our study emphasizes the need for better representation of the response of semiarid ecosystems to soil rewetting in vegetation models.
Tuula Aalto, Aki Tsuruta, Jarmo Mäkelä, Jurek Müller, Maria Tenkanen, Eleanor Burke, Sarah Chadburn, Yao Gao, Vilma Mannisenaho, Thomas Kleinen, Hanna Lee, Antti Leppänen, Tiina Markkanen, Stefano Materia, Paul A. Miller, Daniele Peano, Olli Peltola, Benjamin Poulter, Maarit Raivonen, Marielle Saunois, David Wårlind, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 22, 323–340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-323-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-323-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Wetland methane responses to temperature and precipitation were studied in a boreal wetland-rich region in northern Europe using ecosystem models, atmospheric inversions, and upscaled flux observations. The ecosystem models differed in their responses to temperature and precipitation and in their seasonality. However, multi-model means, inversions, and upscaled fluxes had similar seasonality, and they suggested co-limitation by temperature and precipitation.
Zhen Zhang, Benjamin Poulter, Joe R. Melton, William J. Riley, George H. Allen, David J. Beerling, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G. Canadell, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Philippe Ciais, Nicola Gedney, Peter O. Hopcroft, Akihiko Ito, Robert B. Jackson, Atul K. Jain, Katherine Jensen, Fortunat Joos, Thomas Kleinen, Sara H. Knox, Tingting Li, Xin Li, Xiangyu Liu, Kyle McDonald, Gavin McNicol, Paul A. Miller, Jurek Müller, Prabir K. Patra, Changhui Peng, Shushi Peng, Zhangcai Qin, Ryan M. Riggs, Marielle Saunois, Qing Sun, Hanqin Tian, Xiaoming Xu, Yuanzhi Yao, Yi Xi, Wenxin Zhang, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 22, 305–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses global methane emissions from wetlands between 2000 and 2020 using multiple models. We found that wetland emissions increased by 6–7 Tg CH4 yr-1 in the 2010s compared to the 2000s. Rising temperatures primarily drove this increase, while changes in precipitation and CO2 levels also played roles. Our findings highlight the importance of wetlands in the global methane budget and the need for continuous monitoring to understand their impact on climate change.
Lorena Carrasco-Barea, Dolors Verdaguer, Maria Gispert, Xavier D. Quintana, Hélène Bourhis, and Laura Llorens
Biogeosciences, 22, 289–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-289-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-289-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon dioxide fluxes have been measured seasonally in four plant species in a Mediterranean non-tidal salt marsh, highlighting the high carbon removal potential that these species have. Carbon dioxide and methane emissions from soil showed high variability among the habitats studied, and they were generally higher than those observed in tidal salt marshes. Our results are important for making more accurate predictions regarding carbon emissions from these ecosystems.
Ekaterina Ezhova, Topi Laanti, Anna Lintunen, Pasi Kolari, Tuomo Nieminen, Ivan Mammarella, Keijo Heljanko, and Markku Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 22, 257–288, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-257-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-257-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Machine learning (ML) models are gaining popularity in biogeosciences. They are applied as gap-filling methods and used to upscale carbon fluxes to larger areas. Here we use explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods to elucidate the performance of machine learning models for carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal forests. We show that statistically equal models treat input variables differently. XAI methods can help scientists make informed decisions when applying ML models in their research.
Jessica Breavington, Alexandra Steckbauer, Chuancheng Fu, Mongi Ennasri, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 22, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-117-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-117-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mangrove carbon storage in the Red Sea is lower than average due to challenging growth conditions. We collected mangrove soil cores over multiple seasons to measure greenhouse gas (GHG) flux of carbon dioxide and methane. GHG emissions are a small offset to mangrove carbon storage overall but punctuated by periods of high emission. This variation is linked to environmental and soil properties, which were also measured. The findings aid understanding of GHG dynamics in arid mangrove ecosystems.
Johnathan Daniel Maxey, Neil D. Hartstein, Hermann W. Bange, and Moritz Müller
Biogeosciences, 21, 5613–5637, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The distribution of N2O in fjord-like estuaries is poorly described in the Southern Hemisphere. Our study describes N2O distribution and its drivers in one such system in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania. Water samples were collected seasonally in 2022 and 2023. Results show the system removes atmospheric N2O when river flow is high, whereas the system emits N2O when the river flow is low. N2O generated in basins is intercepted by the surface water and exported to the ocean during high river flow.
Wael Al Hamwi, Maren Dubbert, Jörg Schaller, Matthias Lück, Marten Schmidt, and Mathias Hoffmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 5639–5651, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a fully automatic, low-cost soil–plant enclosure system to monitor CO2 and evapotranspiration fluxes within greenhouse experiments. It operates in two modes: independent, using low-cost sensors, and dependent, where multiple chambers connect to a single gas analyzer via a low-cost multiplexer. This system provides precise, accurate measurements and high temporal resolution, enabling comprehensive monitoring of plant–soil responses to various treatments and conditions.
Zhao-Jun Yong, Wei-Jen Lin, Chiao-Wen Lin, and Hsing-Juh Lin
Biogeosciences, 21, 5247–5260, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5247-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5247-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes from mangrove stems and soils of Avicennia marina and Kandelia obovata during tidal cycles. Both stem types served as CO2 and CH4 sources, emitting less CH4 than soils, with no difference in CO2 flux. While A. marina stems showed increased CO2 fluxes from low to high tides, they acted as a CH4 sink before flooding and as a source after ebbing. However, K. obovata stems showed no flux pattern. This study highlights the need to consider tidal influence and species.
Ihab Alfadhel, Ignacio Peralta-Maraver, Isabel Reche, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Eva Rodríguez-Velasco, Andrew S. Kowalski, and Penélope Serrano-Ortiz
Biogeosciences, 21, 5117–5129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Inland saline lakes are crucial in the global carbon cycle, but increased droughts may alter their carbon exchange capacity. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a Mediterranean saline lake using the eddy covariance method under dry and wet conditions. We found the lake acts as a carbon sink during wet periods but not during droughts. These results highlight the importance of saline lakes in carbon sequestration and their vulnerability to climate-change-induced droughts.
Nathaniel B. Weston, Cynthia Troy, Patrick J. Kearns, Jennifer L. Bowen, William Porubsky, Christelle Hyacinthe, Christof Meile, Philippe Van Cappellen, and Samantha B. Joye
Biogeosciences, 21, 4837–4851, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse and ozone-depleting gas produced largely from microbial nitrogen cycling processes, and human activities have resulted in increases in atmospheric N2O. We investigate the role of physical and chemical disturbances to soils and sediments in N2O production. We demonstrate that physicochemical perturbation increases N2O production, microbial community adapts over time, and initial perturbation appears to confer resilience to subsequent disturbance.
Sigrid Trier Kjær, Sebastian Westermann, Nora Nedkvitne, and Peter Dörsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 4723–4737, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4723-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4723-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost peatlands are thawing due to climate change, releasing large quantities of carbon that degrades upon thawing and is released as CO2, CH4 or dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We incubated thawed Norwegian permafrost peat plateaus and thermokarst pond sediment found next to permafrost for up to 350 d to measure carbon loss. CO2 production was initially the highest, whereas CH4 production increased over time. The largest carbon loss was measured at the top of the peat plateau core as DOC.
Silvie Lainela, Erik Jacobs, Stella-Theresa Luik, Gregor Rehder, and Urmas Lips
Biogeosciences, 21, 4495–4519, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the variability of carbon dioxide and methane in the surface layer of the north-eastern basins of the Baltic Sea in 2018. We show that the shallower coastal areas have considerably higher spatial variability and seasonal amplitude of surface layer pCO2 and cCH4 than measured in the offshore areas of the Baltic Sea. Despite this high variability, caused mostly by coastal physical processes, the average annual air–sea CO2 fluxes differed only marginally between the sub-basins.
Maren Jenrich, Juliane Wolter, Susanne Liebner, Christian Knoblauch, Guido Grosse, Fiona Giebeler, Dustin Whalen, and Jens Strauss
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2891, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2891, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate warming in the Arctic is causing the erosion of permafrost coasts and the transformation of permafrost lakes into lagoons. To understand how this affects greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, we studied carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) production in lagoons with varying sea connections. Younger lagoons produce more CH₄, while CO₂ increases in more marine conditions. Flooding of permafrost lowlands due to rising sea levels may lead to higher GHG emissions from Arctic coasts in the future.
Martti Honkanen, Mika Aurela, Juha Hatakka, Lumi Haraguchi, Sami Kielosto, Timo Mäkelä, Jukka Seppälä, Simo-Matti Siiriä, Ken Stenbäck, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Pasi Ylöstalo, and Lauri Laakso
Biogeosciences, 21, 4341–4359, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4341-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4341-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange of CO2 between the sea and the atmosphere was studied in the Archipelago Sea, Baltic Sea, in 2017–2021, using an eddy covariance technique. The sea acted as a net source of CO2 with an average yearly emission of 27.1 gC m-2 yr-1, indicating that the marine ecosystem respired carbon that originated elsewhere. The yearly CO2 emission varied between 18.2–39.2 gC m-2 yr-1, mostly due to the yearly variation of ecosystem carbon uptake.
Tea Thum, Tuuli Miinalainen, Outi Seppälä, Holly Croft, Cheryl Rogers, Ralf Staebler, Silvia Caldararu, and Sönke Zaehle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2802, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2802, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change has potential to influence the carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems and here also nitrogen cycle is important. We used a terrestrial biosphere model QUINCY at mixed deciduous forest in Canada. We investigated the usefulness of using leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll content to improve the parameterization of the model. This work paves way for using spaceborn observations in the model parameterization, also including information on the nitrogen cycle.
Ralf C. H. Aben, Daniël van de Craats, Jim Boonman, Stijn H. Peeters, Bart Vriend, Coline C. F. Boonman, Ype van der Velde, Gilles Erkens, and Merit van den Berg
Biogeosciences, 21, 4099–4118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands cause high CO2 emissions. We assessed the effectiveness of subsurface water infiltration systems (WISs) in reducing CO2 emissions related to increases in water table depth (WTD) on 12 sites for up to 4 years. Results show WISs markedly reduced emissions by 2.1 t CO2-C ha-1 yr-1. The relationship between the amount of carbon above the WTD and CO2 emission was stronger than the relationship between WTD and emission. Long-term monitoring is crucial for accurate emission estimates.
Stavros Stagakis, Dominik Brunner, Junwei Li, Leif Backman, Anni Karvonen, Lionel Constantin, Leena Järvi, Minttu Havu, Jia Chen, Sophie Emberger, and Liisa Kulmala
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2475, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2475, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The balance between CO2 uptake and emissions from urban green areas is still not well understood. This study evaluated for the first time the urban park CO2 exchange simulations by four different types of biosphere models by comparing them with observations. Even though some advantages and disadvantages of the different model types were identified, there was no strong evidence that more complex models performed better than simple ones.
Ingeborg Bussmann, Eric P. Achterberg, Holger Brix, Nicolas Brüggemann, Götz Flöser, Claudia Schütze, and Philipp Fischer
Biogeosciences, 21, 3819–3838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas and contributes to climate warming. However, the input of CH4 from coastal areas to the atmosphere is not well defined. Dissolved and atmospheric CH4 was determined at high spatial resolution in or above the North Sea. The atmospheric CH4 concentration was mainly influenced by wind direction. With our detailed study on the spatial distribution of CH4 fluxes we were able to provide a detailed and more realistic estimation of coastal CH4 fluxes.
Patrick Aurich, Uwe Spank, and Matthias Koschorreck
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2550, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2550, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes can be sources and sinks for the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. The gas exchange between the atmosphere and the water can be measured by taking gas samples in both. However, the depth of water samples is not well defined, which may cause errors. We hypothesized that gradients of CO2 concentrations develop under the surface when wind speeds are very low. Our measurements show that such a gradient can occur in calm nights, potentially shifting a lake from a CO2 sink to a source.
Olli-Pekka Tikkasalo, Olli Peltola, Pavel Alekseychik, Juha Heikkinen, Samuli Launiainen, Aleksi Lehtonen, Qian Li, Eduardo Martinez-García, Mikko Peltoniemi, Petri Salovaara, Ville Tuominen, and Raisa Mäkipää
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1994, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1994, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured from a clearcut peatland forest site. The measurements covered the whole year of 2022 which was the second growing season after the clearcut. The site was a strong GHG source and the highest emissions came from CO2 followed by N2O and CH4. A statistical model that included information on different surfaces in the site was developed to unravel surface-type specific GHG fluxes.
Roxanne Daelman, Marijn Bauters, Matti Barthel, Emmanuel Bulonza, Lodewijk Lefevre, José Mbifo, Johan Six, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Benjamin Wolf, Ralf Kiese, and Pascal Boeckx
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2346, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2346, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The increase in atmospheric concentrations of several greenhouse gasses (GHG) since 1750 is attributed to human activity, however natural ecosystems, such as tropical forests, also contribute to GHG budgets. The Congo basin hosts the second largest tropical forest and is understudied. In this study, measurements of soil GHG exchange were carried out during 16 months in a tropical forest in the Congo Basin. Overall, the soil acted as a major source for CO2 and N2O and a minor sink for CH4.
Ruth Reef, Edoardo Daly, Tivanka Anandappa, Eboni-Jane Vienna-Hallam, Harriet Robertson, Matthew Peck, and Adrien Guyot
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2182, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2182, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Studies show that saltmarshes excel at capturing carbon from the atmosphere. In this study, we measured CO2 flux in an Australian temperate saltmarsh on French Island. The temperate saltmarsh exhibited strong seasonality. During the warmer growing season, the saltmarsh absorbed on average 10.5 grams of CO2 from the atmosphere per m2 daily. Even in winter, when plants were dormant, it continued to be a CO2 sink, albeit smaller. Cool temperatures and high cloud cover inhibit carbon sequestration.
Niu Zhu, Jinniu Wang, Dongliang Luo, Xufeng Wang, Cheng Shen, and Ning Wu
Biogeosciences, 21, 3509–3522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study delves into the vital role of subalpine forests in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau as carbon sinks in the context of climate change. Utilizing advanced eddy covariance systems, we uncover their significant carbon sequestration potential, observing distinct seasonal patterns influenced by temperature, humidity, and radiation. Notably, these forests exhibit robust carbon absorption, with potential implications for global carbon balance.
Colette L. Kelly, Nicole M. Travis, Pascale Anabelle Baya, Claudia Frey, Xin Sun, Bess B. Ward, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 3215–3238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3215-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3215-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, accumulates in regions of the ocean that are low in dissolved oxygen. We used a novel combination of chemical tracers to determine how nitrous oxide is produced in one of these regions, the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean. Our experiments showed that the two most important sources of nitrous oxide under low-oxygen conditions are denitrification, an anaerobic process, and a novel “hybrid” process performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea.
Hella van Asperen, Thorsten Warneke, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Bruce Forsberg, Sávio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Thomas Röckmann, Carina van der Veen, Sipko Bulthuis, Leonardo Ramos de Oliveira, Thiago de Lima Xavier, Jailson da Mata, Marta de Oliveira Sá, Paulo Ricardo Teixeira, Julie Andrews de França e Silva, Susan Trumbore, and Justus Notholt
Biogeosciences, 21, 3183–3199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is regarded as an important indirect greenhouse gas. Soils can emit and take up CO, but, until now, uncertainty remains as to which process dominates in tropical rainforests. We present the first soil CO flux measurements from a tropical rainforest. Based on our observations, we report that tropical rainforest soils are a net source of CO. In addition, we show that valley streams and inundated areas are likely additional hot spots of CO in the ecosystem.
Sebastian F. A. Jordan, Stefan Schloemer, Martin Krüger, Tanja Heffner, Marcus A. Horn, and Martin Blumenberg
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1461, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1461, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a multilayered approach, we studied eight cut and buried abandoned oil wells in a peat rich area of Northern Germany for methane flux, soil gas composition, and isotopic signatures of soil methane and carbon dioxide. The detected methane emissions were of biogenic, peat origin and were not associated with the abandoned wells. Additional microbial analysis and methane oxidation rate measurements demonstrated a high methane-emission mitigation potential in the studied peat-soils.
Yélognissè Agbohessou, Claire Delon, Manuela Grippa, Eric Mougin, Daouda Ngom, Espoir Koudjo Gaglo, Ousmane Ndiaye, Paulo Salgado, and Olivier Roupsard
Biogeosciences, 21, 2811–2837, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2811-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of greenhouse gases in the Sahel are not well represented because they are considered weak compared to the rest of the world. However, natural areas in the Sahel emit carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides, which need to be assessed because of extended surfaces. We propose an assessment of such emissions in Sahelian silvopastoral systems and of how they are influenced by environmental characteristics. These results are essential to inform climate change strategies in the region.
Merit van den Berg, Thomas M. Gremmen, Renske J. E. Vroom, Jacobus van Huissteden, Jim Boonman, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Ype van der Velde, Alfons J. P. Smolders, and Bas P. van de Riet
Biogeosciences, 21, 2669–2690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands emit 3 % of the global greenhouse gas emissions. Paludiculture is a way to reduce CO2 emissions while at the same time generating an income for landowners. The side effect is the potentially high methane emissions. We found very high methane emissions for broadleaf cattail compared with narrowleaf cattail and water fern. The rewetting was, however, effective to stop CO2 emissions for all species. The highest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions had narrowleaf cattail.
Thea H. Heimdal, Galen A. McKinley, Adrienne J. Sutton, Amanda R. Fay, and Lucas Gloege
Biogeosciences, 21, 2159–2176, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of ocean carbon are limited in time and space. Machine learning algorithms are therefore used to reconstruct ocean carbon where observations do not exist. Improving these reconstructions is important in order to accurately estimate how much carbon the ocean absorbs from the atmosphere. In this study, we find that a small addition of observations from the Southern Ocean, obtained by autonomous sampling platforms, could significantly improve the reconstructions.
Guilherme L. Torres Mendonça, Julia Pongratz, and Christian H. Reick
Biogeosciences, 21, 1923–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1923-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1923-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the timescale dependence of airborne fraction and underlying feedbacks by a theory of the climate–carbon system. Using simulations we show the predictive power of this theory and find that (1) this fraction generally decreases for increasing timescales and (2) at all timescales the total feedback is negative and the model spread in a single feedback causes the spread in the airborne fraction. Our study indicates that those are properties of the system, independently of the scenario.
François Clayer, Jan Erik Thrane, Kuria Ndungu, Andrew King, Peter Dörsch, and Thomas Rohrlack
Biogeosciences, 21, 1903–1921, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Determination of dissolved greenhouse gas (GHG) in freshwater allows us to estimate GHG fluxes. Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is used to preserve water samples prior to GHG analysis despite its environmental and health impacts and interferences with water chemistry in freshwater. Here, we tested the effects of HgCl2, two substitutes and storage time on GHG in water from two boreal lakes. Preservation with HgCl2 caused overestimation of CO2 concentration with consequences for GHG flux estimation.
Helena Rautakoski, Mika Korkiakoski, Jarmo Mäkelä, Markku Koskinen, Kari Minkkinen, Mika Aurela, Paavo Ojanen, and Annalea Lohila
Biogeosciences, 21, 1867–1886, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1867-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1867-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Current and future nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are difficult to estimate due to their high variability in space and time. Several years of N2O fluxes from drained boreal peatland forest indicate high importance of summer precipitation, winter temperature, and snow conditions in controlling annual N2O emissions. The results indicate increasing year-to-year variation in N2O emissions in changing climate with more extreme seasonal weather conditions.
Matthias Koschorreck, Norbert Kamjunke, Uta Koedel, Michael Rode, Claudia Schuetze, and Ingeborg Bussmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 1613–1628, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from different sites at the river Elbe in Germany over 3 days to find out what is more important for quantification: small-scale spatial variability or diurnal temporal variability. We found that CO2 emissions were very different between day and night, while CH4 emissions were more different between sites. Dried out river sediments contributed to CO2 emissions, while the side areas of the river were important CH4 sources.
Odysseas Sifounakis, Edwin Haas, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, and Maria P. Papadopoulou
Biogeosciences, 21, 1563–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1563-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1563-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a full assessment of the carbon and nitrogen cycles of a cropland ecosystem. An uncertainty analysis and quantification of all carbon and nitrogen fluxes were deployed. The inventory simulations include greenhouse gas emissions of N2O, NH3 volatilization and NO3 leaching from arable land cultivation in Greece. The inventory also reports changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in arable soils.
Sarah M. Ludwig, Luke Schiferl, Jacqueline Hung, Susan M. Natali, and Roisin Commane
Biogeosciences, 21, 1301–1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Landscapes are often assumed to be homogeneous when using eddy covariance fluxes, which can lead to biases when calculating carbon budgets. In this study we report eddy covariance carbon fluxes from heterogeneous tundra. We used the footprints of each flux observation to unmix the fluxes coming from components of the landscape. We identified and quantified hot spots of carbon emissions in the landscape. Accurately scaling with landscape heterogeneity yielded half as much regional carbon uptake.
Justine Trémeau, Beñat Olascoaga, Leif Backman, Esko Karvinen, Henriikka Vekuri, and Liisa Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 21, 949–972, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-949-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied urban lawns and meadows in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. We found that meadows are more resistant to drought events but that they do not increase carbon sequestration compared with lawns. Moreover, the transformation from lawns to meadows did not demonstrate any negative climate effects in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Even though social and economic aspects also steer urban development, these results can guide planning to consider carbon-smart options.
Guantao Chen, Edzo Veldkamp, Muhammad Damris, Bambang Irawan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Marife D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 21, 513–529, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We established an oil palm management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation in Jambi, Indonesia. We recorded oil palm fruit yield and measured soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes. After 4 years of treatment, compared with conventional fertilization with herbicide weeding, reduced fertilization with mechanical weeding did not reduce yield and soil greenhouse gas emissions, which highlights the legacy effects of over a decade of conventional management prior to the start of the experiment.
Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari, Ricky Mwangada Mwanake, Tobias Houska, David Kraus, Gretchen Maria Gettel, Ralf Kiese, Lutz Breuer, and Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
Biogeosciences, 20, 5029–5067, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Agricultural landscapes act as sinks or sources of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) CO2, CH4, or N2O. Various physicochemical and biological processes control the fluxes of these GHGs between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Therefore, fluxes depend on environmental conditions such as soil moisture, soil temperature, or soil parameters, which result in large spatial and temporal variations of GHG fluxes. Here, we describe an example of how this variation may be studied and analyzed.
Laurie C. Menviel, Paul Spence, Andrew E. Kiss, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Hakase Hayashida, Matthew H. England, and Darryn Waugh
Biogeosciences, 20, 4413–4431, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
As the ocean absorbs 25% of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon, it is important to understand the impact of climate change on the flux of carbon between the ocean and the atmosphere. Here, we use a very high-resolution ocean, sea-ice, carbon cycle model to show that the capability of the Southern Ocean to uptake CO2 has decreased over the last 40 years due to a strengthening and poleward shift of the southern hemispheric westerlies. This trend is expected to continue over the coming century.
Petr Znachor, Jiří Nedoma, Vojtech Kolar, and Anna Matoušů
Biogeosciences, 20, 4273–4288, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4273-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted intensive spatial sampling of the hypertrophic fishpond to better understand the spatial dynamics of methane fluxes and environmental heterogeneity in fishponds. The diffusive fluxes of methane accounted for only a minor fraction of the total fluxes and both varied pronouncedly within the pond and over the studied summer season. This could be explained only by the water depth. Wind substantially affected temperature, oxygen and chlorophyll a distribution in the pond.
Sofie Sjögersten, Martha Ledger, Matthias Siewert, Betsabé de la Barreda-Bautista, Andrew Sowter, David Gee, Giles Foody, and Doreen S. Boyd
Biogeosciences, 20, 4221–4239, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw in Arctic regions is increasing methane emissions, but quantification is difficult given the large and remote areas impacted. We show that UAV data together with satellite data can be used to extrapolate emissions across the wider landscape as well as detect areas at risk of higher emissions. A transition of currently degrading areas to fen type vegetation can increase emission by several orders of magnitude, highlighting the importance of quantifying areas at risk.
Cole G. Brachmann, Tage Vowles, Riikka Rinnan, Mats P. Björkman, Anna Ekberg, and Robert G. Björk
Biogeosciences, 20, 4069–4086, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4069-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4069-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Herbivores change plant communities through grazing, altering the amount of CO2 and plant-specific chemicals (termed VOCs) emitted. We tested this effect by excluding herbivores and studying the CO2 and VOC emissions. Herbivores reduced CO2 emissions from a meadow community and altered VOC composition; however, community type had the strongest effect on the amount of CO2 and VOCs released. Herbivores can mediate greenhouse gas emissions, but the effect is marginal and community dependent.
Ole Lessmann, Jorge Encinas Fernández, Karla Martínez-Cruz, and Frank Peeters
Biogeosciences, 20, 4057–4068, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4057-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4057-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a large dataset of seasonally resolved methane (CH4) pore water concentrations in a reservoir's sediment, we assess the significance of CH4 emissions due to reservoir flushing. In the studied reservoir, CH4 emissions caused by one flushing operation can represent 7 %–14 % of the annual CH4 emissions and depend on the timing of the flushing operation. In reservoirs with high sediment loadings, regular flushing may substantially contribute to the overall CH4 emissions.
Matti Räsänen, Risto Vesala, Petri Rönnholm, Laura Arppe, Petra Manninen, Markus Jylhä, Jouko Rikkinen, Petri Pellikka, and Janne Rinne
Biogeosciences, 20, 4029–4042, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4029-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4029-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fungus-growing termites recycle large parts of dead plant material in African savannas and are significant sources of greenhouse gases. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes from their mounds and surrounding soils in open and closed habitats. The fluxes scale with mound volume. The results show that emissions from mounds of fungus-growing termites are more stable than those from other termites. The soil fluxes around the mound are affected by the termite colonies at up to 2 m distance from the mound.
Tim René de Groot, Anne Margriet Mol, Katherine Mesdag, Pierre Ramond, Rachel Ndhlovu, Julia Catherine Engelmann, Thomas Röckmann, and Helge Niemann
Biogeosciences, 20, 3857–3872, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates methane dynamics in the Wadden Sea. Our measurements revealed distinct variations triggered by seasonality and tidal forcing. The methane budget was higher in warmer seasons but surprisingly high in colder seasons. Methane dynamics were amplified during low tides, flushing the majority of methane into the North Sea or releasing it to the atmosphere. Methanotrophic activity was also elevated during low tide but mitigated only a small fraction of the methane efflux.
Frederic Thalasso, Brenda Riquelme, Andrés Gómez, Roy Mackenzie, Francisco Javier Aguirre, Jorge Hoyos-Santillan, Ricardo Rozzi, and Armando Sepulveda-Jauregui
Biogeosciences, 20, 3737–3749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A robust skirt-chamber design to capture and quantify greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands is presented. Compared to standard methods, this design improves the spatial resolution of field studies in remote locations while minimizing intrusion.
Gesa Schulz, Tina Sanders, Yoana G. Voynova, Hermann W. Bange, and Kirstin Dähnke
Biogeosciences, 20, 3229–3247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas. However, N2O emissions from estuaries underlie significant uncertainties due to limited data availability and high spatiotemporal variability. We found the Elbe Estuary (Germany) to be a year-round source of N2O, with the highest emissions in winter along with high nitrogen loads. However, in spring and summer, N2O emissions did not decrease alongside lower nitrogen loads because organic matter fueled in situ N2O production along the estuary.
Cited articles
Adamczyk, M., Rüthi, J., and Frey, B.: Root exudates increase soil
respiration and alter microbial community structure in alpine permafrost and
active layer soils, Environ. Microbiol., 23, 2152–2168,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15383, 2021.
AMAP: Arctic Climate Change Update 2021: Key Trends and Impacts, Summary for
Policy-makers,
2021.
Andreev, A. A., Grosse, G., Schirrmeister, L., Kuznetsova, T. V., Kuzmina,
S. A., Bobrov, A. A., Tarasov, P. E., Novenko, E. Y., Meyer, H., Derevyagin,
A. Y., Kienast, F., Bryantseva, A., and Kunitsky, V. V.: Weichselian and
Holocene palaeoenvironmental history of the Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island, New
Siberian Archipelago, Arctic Siberia, Boreas, 38, 72–110,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00039.x, 2009.
Anthony, K. M. W., Zimov, S. A., Grosse, G., Jones, M. C., Anthony, P. M.,
Iii, F. S. C., Finlay, J. C., Mack, M. C., Davydov, S., Frenzel, P., and
Frolking, S.: A shift of thermokarst lakes from carbon sources to sinks
during the Holocene epoch, Nature, 511, 452–456,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13560, 2014.
Boike, J., Kattenstroth, B., Abramova, K., Bornemann, N., Chetverova, A.,
Fedorova, I., Fröb, K., Grigoriev, M., Grüber, M., Kutzbach, L.,
Langer, M., Minke, M., Muster, S., Piel, K., Pfeiffer, E.-M., Stoof, G.,
Westermann, S., Wischnewski, K., Wille, C., and Hubberten, H.-W.: Baseline
characteristics of climate, permafrost and land cover from a new permafrost
observatory in the Lena River Delta, Siberia (1998–2011),
Biogeosciences, 10, 2105–2128, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2105-2013,
2013.
Callaghan, T. V., Bergholm, F., Christensen, T. R., Jonasson, C., Kokfelt,
U., and Johansson, M.: A new climate era in the sub-Arctic: Accelerating
climate changes and multiple impacts, Geophysical Res. Lett., 37, L14705,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL042064, 2010.
Chasar, L. S., Chanton, J. P., Glaser, P. H., Siegel, D. I., and Rivers, J.
S.: Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopic evidence for transport and
transformation of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, and
CH4 in a northern Minnesota peatland, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14,
1095–1108, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001221, 2000.
Conrad, R.: Control of microbial methane production in wetland rice fields,
Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 64, 59–69,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021178713988, 2002.
Davidson, E. A. and Janssens, I. A.: Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon
decomposition and feedbacks to climate change, Nature, 440, 165–173,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04514, 2006.
Dean, J. F., Middelburg, J. J., Röckmann, T., Aerts, R., Blauw, L. G.,
Egger, M., Jetten, M. S. M., de Jong, A. E. E., Meisel, O. H., Rasigraf, O.,
Slomp, C. P., in't Zandt, M. H., and Dolman, A. J.: Methane Feedbacks to the
Global Climate System in a Warmer World, Rev. Geophys., 56, 207–250,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000559, 2018.
Deng, J., Gu, Y., Zhang, J., Xue, K., Qin, Y., Yuan, M., Yin, H., He, Z.,
Wu, L., Schuur, E. A. G., Tiedje, J. M., and Zhou, J.: Shifts of tundra
bacterial and archaeal communities along a permafrost thaw gradient in
Alaska, Mol. Ecol., 24, 222–234, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13015,
2015.
Douglas, T. A., Turetsky, M. R., and Koven, C. D.: Increased rainfall
stimulates permafrost thaw across a variety of Interior Alaskan boreal
ecosystems, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 3, 1–7,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-0130-4, 2020.
Elder, C. D., Thompson, D. R., Thorpe, A. K., Hanke, P., Walter Anthony, K.
M., and Miller, C. E.: Airborne Mapping Reveals Emergent Power Law of Arctic
Methane Emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2019GL085707,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085707, 2020.
Elderfield, H. and Schlesinger, W.: Biogeochemistry. An Analysis of Global
Change, Earth System Science and Global Change, Geol. Mag., 135,
819–842, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756898231505, 1998.
Ernakovich, J. G., Barbato, R. A., Rich, V. I., Schädel, C., Hewitt, R.
E., Doherty, S. J., Whalen, E. D., Abbott, B. W., Barta, J., Biasi, C.,
Chabot, C. L., Hultman, J., Knoblauch, C., Vetter, M. C. Y. L., Leewis,
M.-C., Liebner, S., Mackelprang, R., Onstott, T. C., Richter, A.,
Schütte, U. M. E., Siljanen, H. M. P., Taş, N., Timling, I.,
Vishnivetskaya, T. A., Waldrop, M. P., and Winkel, M.: Microbiome assembly
in thawing permafrost and its feedbacks to climate, Glob. Change Biol.,
28, 5007–5026, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16231, 2022.
Eskelinen, A., Stark, S., and Männistö, M.: Links between plant
community composition, soil organic matter quality and microbial communities
in contrasting tundra habitats, Oecologia, 161, 113–123,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1362-5, 2009.
Faucherre, S., Jørgensen, C. J., Blok, D., Weiss, N., Siewert, M. B.,
Bang-Andreasen, T., Hugelius, G., Kuhry, P., and Elberling, B.: Short and
Long-Term Controls on Active Layer and Permafrost Carbon Turnover Across the
Arctic, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 123, 372–390,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004069, 2018.
Fewster, R. E., Morris, P. J., Ivanovic, R. F., Swindles, G. T., Peregon, A.
M., and Smith, C. J.: Imminent loss of climate space for permafrost
peatlands in Europe and Western Siberia, Nat. Clim. Change, 12, 373–379,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01296-7, 2022.
Fuchs, M.: Soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools in thermokarst-affected
permafrost terrain, PhD thesis, Universität Potsdam, hdl: 10013/epic.393b95ff-1d0f-4659-9376-ef084d27741a, 2019.
Ganzert, L., Jurgens, G., Münster, U., and Wagner, D.: Methanogenic
communities in permafrost-affected soils of the Laptev Sea coast, Siberian
Arctic, characterized by 16S rRNA gene fingerprints, FEMS Microbiol.
Ecol., 59, 476–488, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00205.x,
2007.
Grigoriev, M. N.: Cryomorphogenesis in the Lena Delta, Yakutsk, Permafrost
Institute Press, 176 pp., 1993.
Hales, B. A., Edwards, C., Ritchie, D. A., Hall, G., Pickup, R. W., and
Saunders, J. R.: Isolation and identification of methanogen-specific DNA
from blanket bog peat by PCR amplification and sequence analysis, Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 62, 668–675,
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.2.668-675.1996, 1996.
Herbst, T.: Carbon Stocks and Potential Greenhouse Gas Release of
Permafrost-affected Active Floodplains in the Lena River Delta, Master thesis,
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, 73 pp., hdl: 10013/epic.0c07aee1-d4a7-467e-ad7c-3f3527267f73, 2022.
Hinzman, L. D., Bettez, N. D., Bolton, W. R., Chapin, F. S., Dyurgerov, M.
B., Fastie, C. L., Griffith, B., Hollister, R. D., Hope, A., Huntington, H.
P., Jensen, A. M., Jia, G. J., Jorgenson, T., Kane, D. L., Klein, D. R.,
Kofinas, G., Lynch, A. H., Lloyd, A. H., McGuire, A. D., Nelson, F. E.,
Oechel, W. C., Osterkamp, T. E., Racine, C. H., Romanovsky, V. E., Stone, R.
S., Stow, D. A., Sturm, M., Tweedie, C. E., Vourlitis, G. L., Walker, M. D.,
Walker, D. A., Webber, P. J., Welker, J. M., Winker, K. S., and Yoshikawa,
K.: Evidence and Implications of Recent Climate Change in Northern Alaska
and Other Arctic Regions, Climatic Change, 72, 251–298,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-5352-2, 2005.
Holm, S., Walz, J., Horn, F., Yang, S., Grigoriev, M. N., Wagner, D.,
Knoblauch, C., and Liebner, S.: Methanogenic response to long-term
permafrost thaw is determined by paleoenvironment, FEMS Microbiol.
Ecol., 96, fiaa021, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiaa021, 2020.
Hugelius, G., Strauss, J., Zubrzycki, S., Harden, J. W., Schuur, E. A. G.,
Ping, C.-L., Schirrmeister, L., Grosse, G., Michaelson, G. J., Koven, C. D.,
O'Donnell, J. A., Elberling, B., Mishra, U., Camill, P., Yu, Z., Palmtag,
J., and Kuhry, P.: Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with
quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps, Biogeosciences, 11,
6573–6593, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014, 2014a.
Hugelius, G., Strauss, J., Zubrzycki, S., Harden, J. W., Schuur, E. A. G.,
Ping, C.-L., Schirrmeister, L., Grosse, G., Michaelson, G. J., Koven, C. D.,
O'Donnell, J. A., Elberling, B., Mishra, U., Camill, P., Yu, Z., Palmtag,
J., and Kuhry, P.: Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with
quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps, Biogeosciences, 11,
6573–6593, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014, 2014b.
Huissteden, J. van, Maximov, T. C., and Dolman, A. J.: High methane flux
from an arctic floodplain (Indigirka lowlands, eastern Siberia): methane
flux arctic floodplain Siberia, J. Geophys. Res., 110, G02002,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000010, 2005.
IPCC: IPCC, 2021: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis,
Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 6, p. 131, 2021.
Jaatinen, K., Fritze, H., Laine, J., and Laiho, R.: Effects of short- and
long-term water-level drawdown on the populations and activity of aerobic
decomposers in a boreal peatland, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 491–510,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01312.x, 2007.
Jongejans, L. L., Liebner, S., Knoblauch, C., Mangelsdorf, K., Ulrich, M.,
Grosse, G., Tanski, G., Fedorov, A. N., Konstantinov, P. Ya., Windirsch, T.,
Wiedmann, J., and Strauss, J.: Greenhouse gas production and lipid biomarker
distribution in Yedoma and Alas thermokarst lake sediments in Eastern
Siberia, Glob. Change Biol., 27, 2822–2839,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15566, 2021.
Juncher Jørgensen, C., Lund Johansen, K. M., Westergaard-Nielsen, A., and
Elberling, B.: Net regional methane sink in High Arctic soils of northeast
Greenland, Nat. Geosci., 8, 20–23, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2305, 2015.
Keller, J. K. and Bridgham, S. D.: Pathways of anaerobic carbon cycling
across an ombrotrophic-minerotrophic peatland gradient, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 52, 96–107, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.1.0096, 2007.
Knoblauch, C., Beer, C., Sosnin, A., Wagner, D., and Pfeiffer, E.-M.:
Predicting long-term carbon mineralization and trace gas production from
thawing permafrost of Northeast Siberia, Glob. Change Biol., 19,
1160–1172, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12116, 2013.
Knoblauch, C., Beer, C., Liebner, S., Grigoriev, M. N., and Pfeiffer, E.-M.:
Methane production as key to the greenhouse gas budget of thawing
permafrost, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 309–312,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0095-z, 2018.
Koven, C. D., Ringeval, B., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., Cadule, P.,
Khvorostyanov, D., Krinner, G., and Tarnocai, C.: Permafrost carbon-climate
feedbacks accelerate global warming, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 14769–14774,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103910108, 2011.
Kuhn, M. A., Thompson, L. M., Winder, J. C., Braga, L. P. P., Tanentzap, A.
J., Bastviken, D., and Olefeldt, D.: Opposing Effects of Climate and
Permafrost Thaw on CH4 and CO2 Emissions From Northern Lakes, AGU Adv.,
2, e2021AV000515, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000515, 2021.
Kuhry, P., Bárta, J., Blok, D., Elberling, B., Faucherre, S., Hugelius,
G., Jørgensen, C. J., Richter, A., Šantrůčková, H., and
Weiss, N.: Lability classification of soil organic matter in the northern
permafrost region, Biogeosciences, 17, 361–379,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-361-2020, 2020.
Lara, M. J., Lin, D. H., Andresen, C., Lougheed, V. L., and Tweedie, C. E.:
Nutrient Release From Permafrost Thaw Enhances CH4 Emissions From Arctic
Tundra Wetlands, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 124,
1560–1573, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004641, 2019.
Laurent, M., Fuchs, M., Treat, C. C., Liebner, S., Runge, A.: One year anaerobic incubation measurements (CH4 + CO2) and microbe quantification from samples of Lena Delta collected in 2018, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.945685, 2023.
Lee, H., Schuur, E. A. G., Inglett, K. S., Lavoie, M., and Chanton, J. P.:
The rate of permafrost carbon release under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
and its potential effects on climate, Glob. Change Biol., 18, 515–527,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02519.x, 2012.
Li, F., Tianze, S., and Yahai, L.: Snapshot of methanogen sensitivity to
temperature in Zoige wetland from Tibetan plateau, Front.
Microbiol., 6, 131, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00131, 2015.
Liebner, S., Ganzert, L., Kiss, A., Yang, S., Wagner, D., and Svenning, M.
M.: Shifts in methanogenic community composition and methane fluxes along
the degradation of discontinuous permafrost, Front. Microbiol., 6, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00356,
2015.
Liljedahl, A. K., Boike, J., Daanen, R. P., Fedorov, A. N., Frost, G. V.,
Grosse, G., Hinzman, L. D., Iijma, Y., Jorgenson, J. C., Matveyeva, N.,
Necsoiu, M., Raynolds, M. K., Romanovsky, V. E., Schulla, J., Tape, K. D.,
Walker, D. A., Wilson, C. J., Yabuki, H., and Zona, D.: Pan-Arctic ice-wedge
degradation in warming permafrost and its influence on tundra hydrology,
Nat. Geosci., 9, 312–318, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2674, 2016.
Mann, P. J., Sobczak, W. V., LaRue, M. M., Bulygina, E., Davydova, A., Vonk,
J. E., Schade, J., Davydov, S., Zimov, N., Holmes, R. M., and Spencer, R. G.
M.: Evidence for key enzymatic controls on metabolism of Arctic river
organic matter, Glob. Change Biol., 20, 1089–1100,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12416, 2014.
McCalley, C. K., Woodcroft, B. J., Hodgkins, S. B., Wehr, R. A., Kim, E.-H.,
Mondav, R., Crill, P. M., Chanton, J. P., Rich, V. I., Tyson, G. W., and
Saleska, S. R.: Methane dynamics regulated by microbial community response
to permafrost thaw, Nature, 514, 478–481,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13798, 2014.
Megonigal, J. P. and Schlesinger, W. H.: Methane-limited methanotrophy in
tidal freshwater swamps, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1088,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001594, 2002.
Meijboom, F. and Noordwijk, M. van: Rhizon soil solu-tion samplers as
artificial roots, in: Root ecology and its practical application, Verein
für Wurzelforschung, A-9020 Klagenfurt Austria, 793–795, 1991.
Morgenstern, A., Overduin, P. P., Günther, F., Stettner, S., Ramage, J.,
Schirrmeister, L., Grigoriev, M. N., and Grosse, G.: Thermo-erosional
valleys in Siberian ice-rich permafrost, Permafrost Periglac., 32, 59–75, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2087, 2021.
Myers-Smith, I. H., Forbes, B. C., Wilmking, M., Hallinger, M., Lantz, T.,
Blok, D., Tape, K. D., Macias-Fauria, M., Sass-Klaassen, U., Lévesque,
E., Boudreau, S., Ropars, P., Hermanutz, L., Trant, A., Collier, L. S.,
Weijers, S., Rozema, J., Rayback, S. A., Schmidt, N. M., Schaepman-Strub,
G., Wipf, S., Rixen, C., Ménard, C. B., Venn, S., Goetz, S.,
Andreu-Hayles, L., Elmendorf, S., Ravolainen, V., Welker, J., Grogan, P.,
Epstein, H. E., and Hik, D. S.: Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems:
dynamics, impacts and research priorities, Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 045509,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509, 2011.
Oblogov, G. E., Vasiliev, A. A., Streletskaya, I. D., Zadorozhnaya, N. A.,
Kuznetsova, A. O., Kanevskiy, M. Z., and Semenov, P. B.: Methane Content and
Emission in the Permafrost Landscapes of Western Yamal, Russian Arctic,
Geosciences, 10, p. 412, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100412, 2020.
Obu, J., Westermann, S., Bartsch, A., Berdnikov, N., Christiansen, H. H.,
Dashtseren, A., Delaloye, R., Elberling, B., Etzelmüller, B., Kholodov,
A., Khomutov, A., Kääb, A., Leibman, M. O., Lewkowicz, A. G., Panda,
S. K., Romanovsky, V., Way, R. G., Westergaard-Nielsen, A., Wu, T., Yamkhin,
J., and Zou, D.: Northern Hemisphere permafrost map based on TTOP modelling
for 2000–2016 at 1 km2 scale, Earth-Sci. Rev., 193, 299–316,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.023, 2019.
Olefeldt, D., Turetsky, M. R., Crill, P. M., and McGuire, A. D.:
Environmental and physical controls on northern terrestrial methane
emissions across permafrost zones, Glob. Change Biol., 19, 589–603,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12071, 2013.
Osterkamp, T. E., Jorgenson, M. T., Schuur, E. a. G., Shur, Y. L.,
Kanevskiy, M. Z., Vogel, J. G., and Tumskoy, V. E.: Physical and ecological
changes associated with warming permafrost and thermokarst in Interior
Alaska, Permafrost Periglac., 20, 235–256,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.656, 2009.
Paul, S., Küsel, K., and Alewell, C.: Reduction processes in forest
wetlands: Tracking down heterogeneity of source/sink functions with a
combination of methods, Soil Biol. Biochem., 38, 1028–1039,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.001, 2006.
Pegoraro, E., Mauritz, M., Bracho, R., Ebert, C., Dijkstra, P., Hungate, B.
A., Konstantinidis, K. T., Luo, Y., Schädel, C., Tiedje, J. M., Zhou,
J., and Schuur, E. A. G.: Glucose addition increases the magnitude and
decreases the age of soil respired carbon in a long-term permafrost
incubation study, Soil Biol. Biochem., 129, 201–211,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.10.009, 2019.
R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 1 April 2023), 2021.
Rantanen, M., Karpechko, A. Y., Lipponen, A., Nordling, K., Hyvärinen,
O., Ruosteenoja, K., Vihma, T., and Laaksonen, A.: The Arctic has warmed
nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, Commun. Earth Environ., 3,
1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3, 2022.
Robertson, G. P., Coleman, D. C., Sollins, P., and Bledsoe, C. S.: Standard
Soil Methods for Long-term Ecological Research, Oxford University Press, Inc., 481
pp., ISBN: 0-19-512083-3, 1999.
Rößger, N., Sachs, T., Wille, C., Boike, J., and Kutzbach, L.:
Seasonal increase of methane emissions linked to warming in Siberian tundra,
Nat. Clim. Change, 12, 1031–1036,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01512-4, 2022.
Schädel, C., Schuur, E. A. G., Bracho, R., Elberling, B., Knoblauch, C.,
Lee, H., Luo, Y., Shaver, G. R., and Turetsky, M. R.: Circumpolar assessment
of permafrost C quality and its vulnerability over time using long-term
incubation data, Glob. Change Biol., 20, 641–652,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12417, 2014.
Schädel, C., Beem-Miller, J., Aziz Rad, M., Crow, S. E., Hicks Pries, C.
E., Ernakovich, J., Hoyt, A. M., Plante, A., Stoner, S., Treat, C. C., and
Sierra, C. A.: Decomposability of soil organic matter over time: the Soil
Incubation Database (SIDb, version 1.0) and guidance for incubation
procedures, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1511–1524,
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1511-2020, 2020.
Schirrmeister, L., Kunitsky, V., Grosse, G., Wetterich, S., Meyer, H.,
Schwamborn, G., Babiy, O., Derevyagin, A., and Siegert, C.: Sedimentary
characteristics and origin of the Late Pleistocene Ice Complex on north-east
Siberian Arctic coastal lowlands and islands – A review, Quaternary
Int., 241, 3–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.04.004,
2011.
Schirrmeister, L., Froese, D., Tumskoy, V., Grosse, G., and Wetterich, S.:
PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL FEATURES – Yedoma: Late Pleistocene
Ice-Rich Syngenetic Permafrost of Beringia, in: Encyclopedia of Quaternary
Science, Elsevier, 542–552,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53643-3.00106-0, 2013.
Schneider, J., Grosse, G., and Wagner, D.: Land cover classification of
tundra environments in the Arctic Lena Delta based on Landsat 7 ETM+ data
and its application for upscaling of methane emissions, Remote Sens.
Environ., 113, 380–391, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.013, 2009.
Schuur, E. a. G., McGuire, A. D., Schädel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J.
W., Hayes, D. J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C. D., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D. M.,
Natali, S. M., Olefeldt, D., Romanovsky, V. E., Schaefer, K., Turetsky, M.
R., Treat, C. C., and Vonk, J. E.: Climate change and the permafrost carbon
feedback, Nature, 520, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338, 2015.
Schwamborn, G., Rachold, V., and Grigoriev, M. N.: Late Quaternary
sedimentation history of the Lena Delta, Quaternary Int., 89,
119–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00084-2, 2002.
Serreze, M. C., Walsh, J. E., Chapin, F. S., Osterkamp, T., Dyurgerov, M.,
Romanovsky, V., Oechel, W. C., Morison, J., Zhang, T., and Barry, R. G.:
Observational Evidence of Recent Change in the Northern High-Latitude
Environment, Climatic Change, 46, 159–207,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005504031923, 2000.
Siewert, M. B., Hugelius, G., Heim, B., and Faucherre, S.: Landscape
controls and vertical variability of soil organic carbon storage in
permafrost-affected soils of the Lena River Delta, CATENA, 147, 725–741,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.07.048, 2016.
Soil Survey Staff: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 12th Edn., Twelfth Edition,
USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC, 360 pp., ISBN: 978-0-359-57324-0, 2014.
Spencer, R. G. M., Mann, P. J., Dittmar, T., Eglinton, T. I., McIntyre, C.,
Holmes, R. M., Zimov, N., and Stubbins, A.: Detecting the signature of
permafrost thaw in Arctic rivers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42,
2830–2835, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063498, 2015.
Strauss, J., Schirrmeister, L., Grosse, G., Wetterich, S., Ulrich, M.,
Herzschuh, U., and Hubberten, H.-W.: The deep permafrost carbon pool of the
Yedoma region in Siberia and Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40,
6165–6170, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058088, 2013a.
Strauss, J., Schirrmeister, L., Grosse, G., Wetterich, S., Ulrich, M.,
Herzschuh, U., and Hubberten, H.-W.: The deep permafrost carbon pool of the
Yedoma region in Siberia and Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40,
6165–6170, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058088, 2013b.
Symons, G. E. and Buswell, A. M.: The methane fermentation of
carbohydrates, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 55, 2028–2036, 1993.
Tabari, H.: Climate change impact on flood and extreme precipitation
increases with water availability, Sci. Rep., 10, 13768,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70816-2, 2020.
Thauer, R. K.: Biochemistry of methanogenesis: a tribute to Marjory
Stephenson:1998 Marjory Stephenson Prize Lecture, Microbiology, 144,
2377–2406, https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-144-9-2377, 1998.
Theisen, A. R. and Murrell, J. C.: Facultative Methanotrophs Revisited,
J. Bacteriol., 187, 4303–4305,
https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.187.13.4303-4305.2005, 2005.
Treat, C. C., Natali, S. M., Ernakovich, J., Iversen, C. M., Lupascu, M.,
McGuire, A. D., Norby, R. J., Roy Chowdhury, T., Richter, A.,
Šantrůčková, H., Schädel, C., Schuur, E. A. G., Sloan,
V. L., Turetsky, M. R., and Waldrop, M. P.: A pan-Arctic synthesis of CH4 and CO2 production from anoxic soil incubations, Glob. Change
Biol., 21, 2787–2803, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12875, 2015.
Treat, C. C., Marushchak, M. E., Voigt, C., Zhang, Y., Tan, Z., Zhuang, Q.,
Virtanen, T. A., Räsänen, A., Biasi, C., Hugelius, G., Kaverin, D.,
Miller, P. A., Stendel, M., Romanovsky, V., Rivkin, F., Martikainen, P. J.,
and Shurpali, N. J.: Tundra landscape heterogeneity, not interannual
variability, controls the decadal regional carbon balance in the Western
Russian Arctic, Glob. Change Biol., 24, 5188–5204,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14421, 2018.
Turetsky, M. R., Abbott, B. W., Jones, M. C., Walter Anthony, K., Olefeldt,
D., Schuur, E. A. G., Koven, C., McGuire, A. D., Grosse, G., Kuhry, P.,
Hugelius, G., Lawrence, D. M., Gibson, C., and Sannel, A. B. K.: Permafrost
collapse is accelerating carbon release, Nature, 569, 32–34,
https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-01313-4, 2019.
Wagner, D., Gattinger, A., Embacher, A., Pfeiffer, E.-M., Schloter, M., and
Lipski, A.: Methanogenic activity and biomass in Holocene permafrost
deposits of the Lena Delta, Siberian Arctic and its implication for the
global methane budget, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 1089–1099,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01331.x, 2007.
Waldrop, M. P., Wickland, K. P., White Iii, R., Berhe, A. A., Harden, J. W.,
and Romanovsky, V. E.: Molecular investigations into a globally important
carbon pool: permafrost-protected carbon in Alaskan soils, Glob.Change
Biol., 16, 2543–2554, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02141.x,
2010.
Walz, J., Knoblauch, C., Böhme, L., and Pfeiffer, E.-M.: Regulation of
soil organic matter decomposition in permafrost-affected Siberian tundra
soils – Impact of oxygen availability, freezing and thawing, temperature,
and labile organic matter, Soil Biol. Biochem., 110, 34–43,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.03.001, 2017.
Walz, J., Knoblauch, C., Tigges, R., Opel, T., Schirrmeister, L., and
Pfeiffer, E.-M.: Greenhouse gas production in degrading ice-rich permafrost
deposits in northeastern Siberia, Biogeosciences, 15, 5423–5436,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5423-2018, 2018.
Wang, P., Huang, Q., Tang, Q., Chen, X., Yu, J., Pozdniakov, S. P., and
Wang, T.: Increasing annual and extreme precipitation in
permafrost-dominated Siberia during 1959–2018, J. Hydrol., 603,
126865, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126865, 2021.
Washburn, A. L.: Periglacial processes and environment, St. Martin's Press,
New York, Hodder & Stoughton Educational, ISBN 10: 0713156538, 1973.
Westermann, P.: Temperature regulation of methanogenesis in wetlands,
Chemosphere, 26, 321–328, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90428-8,
1993.
Yavitt, J. B., Williams, C. J., and Wieder, R. K.: Production of methane and
carbon dioxide in peatland ecosystems across North America: Effects of
temperature, aeration, and organic chemistry of peat, Geomicrobiol.
J., 14, 299–316, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490459709378054, 1997.
Yavitt, J. B., Basiliko, N., Turetsky, M. R., and Hay, A. G.: Methanogenesis
and Methanogen Diversity in Three Peatland Types of the Discontinuous
Permafrost Zone, Boreal Western Continental Canada, Geomicrobiol. J.,
23, 641–651, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450600964482, 2006.
Zhu, X., Wu, T., Li, R., Xie, C., Hu, G., Qin, Y., Wang, W., Hao, J., Yang,
S., Ni, J., and Yang, C.: Impacts of Summer Extreme Precipitation Events on
the Hydrothermal Dynamics of the Active Layer in the Tanggula Permafrost
Region on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 11549–11567, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026736, 2017.
Short summary
In this study we investigated the effect of different parameters (temperature, landscape position) on the production of greenhouse gases during a 1-year permafrost thaw experiment. For very similar carbon and nitrogen contents, our results show a strong heterogeneity in CH4 production, as well as in microbial abundance. According to our study, these differences are mainly due to the landscape position and the hydrological conditions established as a result of the topography.
In this study we investigated the effect of different parameters (temperature, landscape...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint