Articles | Volume 20, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Dec 2023
Research article |
| 19 Dec 2023
| 19 Dec 2023
Identifying landscape hot and cold spots of soil greenhouse gas fluxes by combining field measurements and remote sensing data
Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Ricky Mwangada Mwanake
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Tobias Houska
Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
David Kraus
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Gretchen Maria Gettel
IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, the Netherlands
Department of Ecoscience, Lake Ecology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
Ralf Kiese
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Lutz Breuer
Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Gießen, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35390 Gießen, Germany
Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Pioneer Center Land-CRAFT, Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, C. F. Møllers Allé 4, Building 1120, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
Viewed
Total article views: 4,177 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 20 Jun 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,615 | 1,424 | 138 | 4,177 | 148 | 189 |
- HTML: 2,615
- PDF: 1,424
- XML: 138
- Total: 4,177
- BibTeX: 148
- EndNote: 189
Total article views: 3,044 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 19 Dec 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,974 | 958 | 112 | 3,044 | 133 | 172 |
- HTML: 1,974
- PDF: 958
- XML: 112
- Total: 3,044
- BibTeX: 133
- EndNote: 172
Total article views: 1,133 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 20 Jun 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 641 | 466 | 26 | 1,133 | 15 | 17 |
- HTML: 641
- PDF: 466
- XML: 26
- Total: 1,133
- BibTeX: 15
- EndNote: 17
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,177 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,097 with geography defined
and 80 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,044 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 2,964 with geography defined
and 80 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,133 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,133 with geography defined
and 0 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
11 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Temporal-spatial characteristics and environmental controls of annual CH4 fluxes in a Tibetan alpine landscape Z. Yao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117523
- Measurement approaches for greenhouse gas emissions from rice II: advanced technology for accelerating throughput T. Vo et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2025.1693620
- Spatial variability of soil greenhouse gas emissions in oil palm plantation under different management zones Y. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae56d9
- Quantitative analysis for ecological rivers to achieve carbon neutrality in the water network area of south China N. Ding et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2025.101130
- Spatial-temporal patterns of foliar and bulk soil 15N isotopic signatures across a heterogeneous landscape: Linkages to soil N status, nitrate leaching, and N2O fluxes E. Gachibu Wangari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109609
- Spatial and temporal variability of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes from an urban park in Denmark X. Bai et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3207-2026
- From data to insights: Upscaling riverine GHG fluxes in Germany with machine learning R. Mwanake et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177984
- High-resolution remote sensing and machine-learning-based upscaling of methane fluxes: a case study in the Western Canadian tundra K. Ivanova et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-233-2026
- Influence of selected land use and land cover types on greenhouse gas fluxes in drylands of Eastern Kenya A. Omwoyo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilad.2024.100005
- Maritime Cryogenic Antarctic Soils as a Non-obvious Methane Source S. Evgrafova et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00602-5
- Hot spots, hot moments, and spatiotemporal drivers of soil CO2 flux in temperate peatlands using UAV remote sensing Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6369-2025
11 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Temporal-spatial characteristics and environmental controls of annual CH4 fluxes in a Tibetan alpine landscape Z. Yao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117523
- Measurement approaches for greenhouse gas emissions from rice II: advanced technology for accelerating throughput T. Vo et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2025.1693620
- Spatial variability of soil greenhouse gas emissions in oil palm plantation under different management zones Y. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae56d9
- Quantitative analysis for ecological rivers to achieve carbon neutrality in the water network area of south China N. Ding et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2025.101130
- Spatial-temporal patterns of foliar and bulk soil 15N isotopic signatures across a heterogeneous landscape: Linkages to soil N status, nitrate leaching, and N2O fluxes E. Gachibu Wangari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109609
- Spatial and temporal variability of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes from an urban park in Denmark X. Bai et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3207-2026
- From data to insights: Upscaling riverine GHG fluxes in Germany with machine learning R. Mwanake et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177984
- High-resolution remote sensing and machine-learning-based upscaling of methane fluxes: a case study in the Western Canadian tundra K. Ivanova et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-233-2026
- Influence of selected land use and land cover types on greenhouse gas fluxes in drylands of Eastern Kenya A. Omwoyo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilad.2024.100005
- Maritime Cryogenic Antarctic Soils as a Non-obvious Methane Source S. Evgrafova et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00602-5
- Hot spots, hot moments, and spatiotemporal drivers of soil CO2 flux in temperate peatlands using UAV remote sensing Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6369-2025
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 24 Jul 2026
Short summary
Agricultural landscapes act as sinks or sources of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) CO2, CH4, or N2O. Various physicochemical and biological processes control the fluxes of these GHGs between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Therefore, fluxes depend on environmental conditions such as soil moisture, soil temperature, or soil parameters, which result in large spatial and temporal variations of GHG fluxes. Here, we describe an example of how this variation may be studied and analyzed.
Agricultural landscapes act as sinks or sources of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) CO2, CH4, or N2O....
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint