Articles | Volume 21, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-893-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-893-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Feb 2024
Research article |
| 19 Feb 2024
| 19 Feb 2024
Understanding the effects of revegetated shrubs on fluxes of energy, water, and gross primary productivity in a desert steppe ecosystem using the STEMMUS–SCOPE model
Enting Tang
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Yunfei Wang
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Zengjing Song
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Danyang Yu
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Hongyue Wu
Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
Chenglong Qiao
Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
Christiaan van der Tol
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
Zhongbo Su
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Planted shrubs modify land–atmosphere energy fluxes through biophysical mechanisms in a desert steppe ecosystem C. Qiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109515
- The Role of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) in the Mechanistic Simulation of Eco-Hydrological Processes A. Cui et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091364
- An explainable machine learning approach (SHAP) to assessing desertification risk and its drivers in the Ring-Tarim Basin, 1990–2020 L. Xi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108309
- Post-Fire Vegetation Recovery Response: A Case Study of the 2020 Bobcat Fire in Los Angeles, California A. Alamillo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244023
- Regulating and remolding of soil water flux by sparse shrubs in arid desert regions Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.108285
- A physically consistent dataset of water-energy-carbon fluxes across the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05386-x
- Forest management interventions affect the trade-offs of multiple vegetation and soil ecosystem services in walnut forests in the Taihang Mountains, China X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03420
- Comparing satellite and ED flux tower data with simulated vegetation spectral reflectance in relation to ecosystem energy, water and carbon dynamics in Banksia woodland, Perth, Australia M. Boori & K. Choudhary https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2026.2613673
- Drought in the middle growing season inhibited carbon uptake more critical in an anthropogenic shrub ecosystem of Northwest China L. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110060
- A modification of the SMPTSB model to improve the simulation of photosynthesis and transpiration rates of citrus trees under temperature stress W. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114390
- Towards an open soil-plant digital twin based on STEMMUS-SCOPE model following open science Y. Zeng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2025.106013
- Evaluating the Performance of the STEMMUS-SCOPE Model to Simulate SIF and GPP Under Drought Stress Using Tower-Based Observations of Maize M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17243931
- Asymmetric response of Northern Hemisphere vegetation to climate change from 2000 to 2018: Phenology leads GPP Y. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2026.03.004
- FluxHourly: global long-term hourly 9 km terrestrial water-energy-carbon fluxes Q. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-7101-2025
- Ecosystems resilience assessment of forest and grassland subjected to ecological drought Y. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113437
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Planted shrubs modify land–atmosphere energy fluxes through biophysical mechanisms in a desert steppe ecosystem C. Qiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109515
- The Role of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) in the Mechanistic Simulation of Eco-Hydrological Processes A. Cui et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091364
- An explainable machine learning approach (SHAP) to assessing desertification risk and its drivers in the Ring-Tarim Basin, 1990–2020 L. Xi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108309
- Post-Fire Vegetation Recovery Response: A Case Study of the 2020 Bobcat Fire in Los Angeles, California A. Alamillo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244023
- Regulating and remolding of soil water flux by sparse shrubs in arid desert regions Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.108285
- A physically consistent dataset of water-energy-carbon fluxes across the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05386-x
- Forest management interventions affect the trade-offs of multiple vegetation and soil ecosystem services in walnut forests in the Taihang Mountains, China X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03420
- Comparing satellite and ED flux tower data with simulated vegetation spectral reflectance in relation to ecosystem energy, water and carbon dynamics in Banksia woodland, Perth, Australia M. Boori & K. Choudhary https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2026.2613673
- Drought in the middle growing season inhibited carbon uptake more critical in an anthropogenic shrub ecosystem of Northwest China L. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110060
- A modification of the SMPTSB model to improve the simulation of photosynthesis and transpiration rates of citrus trees under temperature stress W. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114390
- Towards an open soil-plant digital twin based on STEMMUS-SCOPE model following open science Y. Zeng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2025.106013
- Evaluating the Performance of the STEMMUS-SCOPE Model to Simulate SIF and GPP Under Drought Stress Using Tower-Based Observations of Maize M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17243931
- Asymmetric response of Northern Hemisphere vegetation to climate change from 2000 to 2018: Phenology leads GPP Y. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2026.03.004
- FluxHourly: global long-term hourly 9 km terrestrial water-energy-carbon fluxes Q. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-7101-2025
- Ecosystems resilience assessment of forest and grassland subjected to ecological drought Y. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113437
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Short summary
Our study shows that planting shrubs in a semiarid grassland reduced the soil moisture and increased plant water uptake and transpiration. Notably, the water used by the ecosystem exceeded the rainfall received during the growing seasons, indicating an imbalance in the water cycle. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the STEMMUS–SCOPE model as a tool to represent ecohydrological processes and highlight the need to consider energy and water budgets for future revegetation projects.
Our study shows that planting shrubs in a semiarid grassland reduced the soil moisture and...
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