Articles | Volume 22, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4545-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4545-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Sep 2025
Research article |
| 11 Sep 2025
| 11 Sep 2025
The microbiome of the Arctic planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma is composed of fermenting and carbohydrate-degrading bacteria and an intracellular diatom chloroplast store
Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
Kate Darling
Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
School of Geosciences, Grant Institute, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK
Rabecca Thiessen
Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, T5J 4S2, AB, Canada
Anna J. Pieńkowski
Geohazards Research Unit, Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
Department of Arctic Geology, UNIS (University Centre in Svalbard), Longyearbyen, 9170 Svalbard, Norway
Related authors
Flor Vermassen, Clare Bird, Tirza M. Weitkamp, Kate F. Darling, Hanna Farnelid, Céline Heuzé, Allison Y. Hsiang, Salar Karam, Christian Stranne, Marcus Sundbom, and Helen K. Coxall
Biogeosciences, 22, 2261–2286, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2261-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2261-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We provide the first systematic survey of planktonic foraminifera in the high Arctic Ocean. Our results describe the abundance and species composition under summer sea ice. They indicate that the polar specialist N. pachyderma is the only species present, with subpolar species absent. The data set will be a valuable reference for continued monitoring of the state of planktonic foraminifera communities as they respond to the ongoing sea-ice decline and the “Atlantification” of the Arctic Ocean.
Flor Vermassen, Clare Bird, Tirza M. Weitkamp, Kate F. Darling, Hanna Farnelid, Céline Heuzé, Allison Y. Hsiang, Salar Karam, Christian Stranne, Marcus Sundbom, and Helen K. Coxall
Biogeosciences, 22, 2261–2286, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2261-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2261-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We provide the first systematic survey of planktonic foraminifera in the high Arctic Ocean. Our results describe the abundance and species composition under summer sea ice. They indicate that the polar specialist N. pachyderma is the only species present, with subpolar species absent. The data set will be a valuable reference for continued monitoring of the state of planktonic foraminifera communities as they respond to the ongoing sea-ice decline and the “Atlantification” of the Arctic Ocean.
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Short summary
The polar planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma eats diatoms. Unlike other planktonic species, it also keeps the diatom chloroplasts (photosynthesising organelles) inside its cell. In benthic foraminifera, this is known as kleptoplasty, and the roles of these stolen chloroplasts are diverse. Their role in N. pachyderma needs to be investigated to find out if stored chloroplasts enable N. pachyderma to live in polar waters and under the ice, where no other planktonic species survive.
The polar planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma eats diatoms. Unlike other...
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