Ocean sediment traps measure the sequestrated sinking organic carbon. While sinking, the particles are affected by local currents, which presents a challenge with regard to linking the deep flux with the surface. We present a machine learning tool that predicts the source location of the sinking particles based on satellite data. The predictions demonstrate a stronger correlation between surface and deep carbon fluxes, allowing a more comprehensive understanding of the deep carbon sequestration drivers.

Identifying the pathways of N₂O produced through nitrification and denitrification in soil is crucial for effective mitigation. Thus, we monitored a new natural isotopic signature (Δ¹⁷O) of N₂O in forested soil, which is almost stable during various biogeochemical processes, to identify the pathways. Our results suggest Δ¹⁷O is a promising signature for identifying pathways of N₂O production, revealing that increased denitrification drives the high emission of N₂O in soil on rainy days.

We propose a method for the automated detection of the uppermost forest lines with the aim of supporting their monitoring through a replicable mapping that can be adopted in different geographical contexts and at different scales of analysis according to the available datasets. We adopted a trend analysis of Landsat-based wetness and greenness index time series of the last 40 years, detecting an increase in forest cover along the forest line ecotone in both the Italian Alps and the Apennines.

Oceanic light has historically been modeled based on phytoplankton concentration, consistent with a grazing food chain. This study indicates that oceanic light variability is more closely linked to variability in dissolved organic matter. The result is consistent with advancing knowledge of the microbial loop, wherein dissolved compounds are important ecosystem drivers. The findings also indicate that accurate retrieval of dissolved organics is key to the remote sensing of phytoplankton.

Nitrate pollution from farming is a global problem. A natural process called denitrification helps remove nitrate but also releases CO₂, which contributes to climate change. Our study shows that CO₂ from this process in Danish groundwater may be a major overlooked source – similar to other known agricultural CO₂ emissions. This highlights the need to update greenhouse gas reporting to better reflect farming’s full climate impact.

Coccolithophores are tiny oceanic algae that produce calcium carbonate, which can help organic matter sink and affect the oxygen levels below. As ocean conditions change, we studied how these algae contribute to carbon transport in a low-oxygen, low-pH region of the Southeast Pacific. Our results show they survive in these challenging conditions, but their impact is lower than in most regions, suggesting that other phytoplankton may play a bigger role in moving organic carbon here.

This study examines methodological uncertainties in FDOM (fluorescent dissolved organic matter) measurements due to filter blanks, pore sizes, and storage conditions. Results show that pre-cleaning filters and optimizing storage improve measurement reliability. These findings minimize procedural errors and provide clear guidelines for FDOM analysis, emphasizing the need for method standardization in marine biogeochemical research.