Effect of preceding integrated and organic farming on 15N recovery and the N balance, including emissions of NH3, N2O, and N2 and leaching of NO3−

Khan, Fawad; Franco Luesma, Samuel; Hartmann, Frederik; Dannenmann, Michael; Gasche, Rainer; Scheer, Clemens; Gattinger, Andreas; Niether, Wiebke; Gachibu Wangari, Elizabeth; Mwangada Mwanake, Ricky; Kiese, Ralf; Wolf, Benjamin

doi:10.5194/bg-22-5081-2025

Articles | Volume 22, issue 18

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5081-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5081-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 22, issue 18

Research article

|

29 Sep 2025

Research article |

| 29 Sep 2025

Effect of preceding integrated and organic farming on ¹⁵N recovery and the N balance, including emissions of NH₃, N₂O, and N₂ and leaching of NO₃⁻

Fawad Khan, Samuel Franco Luesma, Frederik Hartmann, Michael Dannenmann, Rainer Gasche, Clemens Scheer, Andreas Gattinger, Wiebke Niether, Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari, Ricky Mwangada Mwanake, Ralf Kiese, and Benjamin Wolf

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May 2025	86	24	2	112
Jun 2025	86	14	16	116
Jul 2025	60	16	2	78
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Sep 2025	1,201	20	20	1,241
Oct 2025	263	60	17	340
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Dec 2025	233	90	15	338
Jan 2026	146	87	22	255
Feb 2026	113	60	10	183
Mar 2026	114	159	9	282
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Jun 2026	16	9	0	25

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 30 Jan 2025)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2025	68	14	2	84
Feb 2025	114	32	4	150
Mar 2025	76	16	4	96
Apr 2025	102	8	8	118
May 2025	86	24	2	112
Jun 2025	86	14	16	116
Jul 2025	60	16	2	78
Aug 2025	234	32	2	268
Sep 2025	1,201	20	20	1,241
Oct 2025	263	60	17	340
Nov 2025	141	58	16	215
Dec 2025	233	90	15	338
Jan 2026	146	87	22	255
Feb 2026	113	60	10	183
Mar 2026	114	159	9	282
Apr 2026	99	108	17	224
May 2026	77	64	11	152
Jun 2026	16	9	0	25

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Short summary

Crop rotations with legumes and use of organic and mineral fertilizers show potential to reduce agricultural N losses. This study examined N losses, including direct N₂ flux, on two adjacent sites with different management histories: organic farming (OF) with legume cultivation and integrated farming (IF) using synthetic and organic N inputs. IF increased soil organic carbon and nitrogen content and ¹⁵N recovery and showed a balanced N budget (i.e. more efficient N cycling compared to OF).