Effect of preceding integrated and organic farming on 15N recovery and the N balance, including emissions of NH3, N2O, and N2 and leaching of NO3−

Khan, Fawad; Franco Luesma, Samuel; Hartmann, Frederik; Dannenmann, Michael; Gasche, Rainer; Scheer, Clemens; Gattinger, Andreas; Niether, Wiebke; Gachibu Wangari, Elizabeth; Mwangada Mwanake, Ricky; Kiese, Ralf; Wolf, Benjamin

doi:10.5194/bg-22-5081-2025

Articles | Volume 22, issue 18

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5081-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5081-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 22, issue 18

Research article

|

29 Sep 2025

Research article |

| 29 Sep 2025

Effect of preceding integrated and organic farming on ¹⁵N recovery and the N balance, including emissions of NH₃, N₂O, and N₂ and leaching of NO₃⁻

Fawad Khan, Samuel Franco Luesma, Frederik Hartmann, Michael Dannenmann, Rainer Gasche, Clemens Scheer, Andreas Gattinger, Wiebke Niether, Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari, Ricky Mwangada Mwanake, Ralf Kiese, and Benjamin Wolf

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May 2025	39	11	0	50
Jun 2025	43	7	8	58
Jul 2025	30	8	1	39
Aug 2025	98	16	0	114
Sep 2025	549	13	12	574
Oct 2025	243	97	14	354
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Dec 2025	188	137	11	336
Jan 2026	119	106	21	246
Feb 2026	90	85	7	182
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Apr 2026	101	160	20	281
May 2026	3	2	1	6

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 30 Jan 2025)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2025	34	7	1	42
Feb 2025	53	16	2	71
Mar 2025	35	8	2	45
Apr 2025	51	4	4	59
May 2025	39	11	0	50
Jun 2025	43	7	8	58
Jul 2025	30	8	1	39
Aug 2025	98	16	0	114
Sep 2025	549	13	12	574
Oct 2025	243	97	14	354
Nov 2025	114	101	14	229
Dec 2025	188	137	11	336
Jan 2026	119	106	21	246
Feb 2026	90	85	7	182
Mar 2026	98	195	7	300
Apr 2026	101	160	20	281
May 2026	3	2	1	6

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Short summary

Crop rotations with legumes and use of organic and mineral fertilizers show potential to reduce agricultural N losses. This study examined N losses, including direct N₂ flux, on two adjacent sites with different management histories: organic farming (OF) with legume cultivation and integrated farming (IF) using synthetic and organic N inputs. IF increased soil organic carbon and nitrogen content and ¹⁵N recovery and showed a balanced N budget (i.e. more efficient N cycling compared to OF).