Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
William Fletcher
Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Abi Stone
Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Andreia Rebotim
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Dulce Oliveira
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Filipa Naughton
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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3,598
757
608
4,963
411
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497
HTML: 3,598
PDF: 757
XML: 608
Total: 4,963
Supplement: 411
BibTeX: 478
EndNote: 497
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Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Total article views: 1,588 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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EndNote
1,031
287
270
1,588
186
337
290
HTML: 1,031
PDF: 287
XML: 270
Total: 1,588
Supplement: 186
BibTeX: 337
EndNote: 290
Views and downloads (calculated since 07 Nov 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads
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Total article views: 3,375 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Total
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BibTeX
EndNote
2,567
470
338
3,375
225
141
207
HTML: 2,567
PDF: 470
XML: 338
Total: 3,375
Supplement: 225
BibTeX: 141
EndNote: 207
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Cumulative views and downloads
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Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,963 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,855 with geography defined
and 108 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,588 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,487 with geography defined
and 101 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,375 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,368 with geography defined
and 7 with unknown origin.
Our study explores how rising CO2 at the end of the last ice age impacted vegetation in the Iberian Peninsula. By analyzing pollen and ocean temperatures in marine sediments, we found that higher CO2 helped forests expand, even in cool or dry conditions. This shows that CO2 played a key role in shaping ecosystems during climate shifts. Understanding this past response helps us see how different factors interact and provides insights into how today’s ecosystems might adapt to rapidly rising CO2.
Our study explores how rising CO2 at the end of the last ice age impacted vegetation in the...