Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
William Fletcher
Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Abi Stone
Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Andreia Rebotim
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Dulce Oliveira
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Filipa Naughton
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Viewed
Total article views: 1,931 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
1,529
219
183
1,931
109
78
91
HTML: 1,529
PDF: 219
XML: 183
Total: 1,931
Supplement: 109
BibTeX: 78
EndNote: 91
Views and downloads (calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Total article views: 834 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
664
117
53
834
53
41
43
HTML: 664
PDF: 117
XML: 53
Total: 834
Supplement: 53
BibTeX: 41
EndNote: 43
Views and downloads (calculated since 07 Nov 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 07 Nov 2025)
Total article views: 1,097 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
865
102
130
1,097
56
37
48
HTML: 865
PDF: 102
XML: 130
Total: 1,097
Supplement: 56
BibTeX: 37
EndNote: 48
Views and downloads (calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 1,931 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,872 with geography defined
and 59 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 834 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 817 with geography defined
and 17 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,097 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,055 with geography defined
and 42 with unknown origin.
Our study explores how rising CO2 at the end of the last ice age impacted vegetation in the Iberian Peninsula. By analyzing pollen and ocean temperatures in marine sediments, we found that higher CO2 helped forests expand, even in cool or dry conditions. This shows that CO2 played a key role in shaping ecosystems during climate shifts. Understanding this past response helps us see how different factors interact and provides insights into how today’s ecosystems might adapt to rapidly rising CO2.
Our study explores how rising CO2 at the end of the last ice age impacted vegetation in the...