Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
William Fletcher
Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Abi Stone
Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Andreia Rebotim
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Dulce Oliveira
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Filipa Naughton
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Viewed
Total article views: 5,281 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
3,759
843
679
5,281
483
572
567
HTML: 3,759
PDF: 843
XML: 679
Total: 5,281
Supplement: 483
BibTeX: 572
EndNote: 567
Views and downloads (calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Total article views: 1,812 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
1,125
362
325
1,812
243
417
348
HTML: 1,125
PDF: 362
XML: 325
Total: 1,812
Supplement: 243
BibTeX: 417
EndNote: 348
Views and downloads (calculated since 07 Nov 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 07 Nov 2025)
Total article views: 3,469 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
2,634
481
354
3,469
240
155
219
HTML: 2,634
PDF: 481
XML: 354
Total: 3,469
Supplement: 240
BibTeX: 155
EndNote: 219
Views and downloads (calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 5,281 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 5,173 with geography defined
and 108 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,812 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,711 with geography defined
and 101 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,469 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,462 with geography defined
and 7 with unknown origin.
Our study explores how rising CO2 at the end of the last ice age impacted vegetation in the Iberian Peninsula. By analyzing pollen and ocean temperatures in marine sediments, we found that higher CO2 helped forests expand, even in cool or dry conditions. This shows that CO2 played a key role in shaping ecosystems during climate shifts. Understanding this past response helps us see how different factors interact and provides insights into how today’s ecosystems might adapt to rapidly rising CO2.
Our study explores how rising CO2 at the end of the last ice age impacted vegetation in the...