Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
William Fletcher
Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Abi Stone
Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology, Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Andreia Rebotim
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Dulce Oliveira
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Filipa Naughton
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Viewed
Total article views: 5,559 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
3,891
921
747
5,559
537
652
643
HTML: 3,891
PDF: 921
XML: 747
Total: 5,559
Supplement: 537
BibTeX: 652
EndNote: 643
Views and downloads (calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Total article views: 2,009 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
1,206
416
387
2,009
277
491
416
HTML: 1,206
PDF: 416
XML: 387
Total: 2,009
Supplement: 277
BibTeX: 491
EndNote: 416
Views and downloads (calculated since 07 Nov 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 07 Nov 2025)
Total article views: 3,550 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
2,685
505
360
3,550
260
161
227
HTML: 2,685
PDF: 505
XML: 360
Total: 3,550
Supplement: 260
BibTeX: 161
EndNote: 227
Views and downloads (calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 06 Nov 2024)
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 5,559 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 5,451 with geography defined
and 108 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,009 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,908 with geography defined
and 101 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,550 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,543 with geography defined
and 7 with unknown origin.
Our study explores how rising CO2 at the end of the last ice age impacted vegetation in the Iberian Peninsula. By analyzing pollen and ocean temperatures in marine sediments, we found that higher CO2 helped forests expand, even in cool or dry conditions. This shows that CO2 played a key role in shaping ecosystems during climate shifts. Understanding this past response helps us see how different factors interact and provides insights into how today’s ecosystems might adapt to rapidly rising CO2.
Our study explores how rising CO2 at the end of the last ice age impacted vegetation in the...