Articles | Volume 22, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-7625-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-7625-2025
Research article
 | 
04 Dec 2025
Research article |  | 04 Dec 2025

Multi-source remote sensing for large-scale biomass estimation in Mediterranean olive orchards using GEDI LiDAR and machine learning

Francisco Contreras, María L. Cayuela, Miguel A. Sánchez-Monedero, and Pedro Pérez-Cutillas

Cited articles

Adam, M., Urbazaev, M., Dubois, C., and Schmullius, C.: Accuracy Assessment of GEDI Terrain Elevation and Canopy Height Estimates in European Temperate Forests: Influence of Environmental and Acquisition Parameters, Remote Sens (Basel), 12, 3948, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233948, 2020. 
Adrah, E., Wong, J. P., and Yin, H.: Integrating GEDI, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-1 imagery for tree crops mapping, Remote Sens. Environ., 319, 114644, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114644, 2025. 
Asner, G. P., Mascaro, J., Muller-Landau, H. C., Vieilledent, G., Vaudry, R., Rasamoelina, M., Hall, J. S., and van Breugel, M.: A universal airborne LiDAR approach for tropical forest carbon mapping, Oecologia, 168, 1147–1160, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2165-z, 2012. 
Atmani, F., Bookhagen, B., and Smith, T.: Measuring Vegetation Heights and Their Seasonal Changes in the Western Namibian Savanna Using Spaceborne Lidars, Remote Sens (Basel), 14, 2928, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122928, 2022. 
Brede, B., Terryn, L., Barbier, N., Bartholomeus, H. M., Bartolo, R., Calders, K., Derroire, G., Krishna Moorthy, S. M., Lau, A., Levick, S. R., Raumonen, P., Verbeeck, H., Wang, D., Whiteside, T., van der Zee, J., and Herold, M.: Non-destructive estimation of individual tree biomass: Allometric models, terrestrial and UAV laser scanning, Remote Sens. Environ., 280, 113180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113180, 2022. 
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Short summary
This study presents an exploratory approach to estimate above-ground biomass in Mediterranean olive orchards using satellite and laser data. A volumetric framework was developed to model biomass from tree structure and environmental variables, offering a scalable method to improve large-scale assessments of carbon storage in low-stature vegetation.
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