Bracher, A., Vountas, M., Dinter, T., Burrows, J. P., Röttgers, R., and Peeken, I.: Quantitative observation of cyanobacteria and diatoms from space using PhytoDOAS on SCIAMACHY data, Biogeosciences, 6, 751–764, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-751-2009, 2009.
Brewin, R. J. W., Sathyendranath, S., Hirata, T., Lavender, S. J., Barciela, R. M., and Hardman-Mountford, N. J.: A three-component model of phytoplankton size class for the Atlantic Ocean, Ecol. Model., 221, 1472–1483, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.02.014, 2010.
Bricaud, A. and Morel, A.: Light attenuation and scattering by phytoplanktonic cells: a theoretical modeling, Appl. Optics, 25, 571–580, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.25.000571, 1986.
Carder, K., Chen, F., Lee, Z., Hawes, S., and Kamykowski, D.: Semianalytic Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer algorithms for chlorophyll a and absorption with bio-optical domains based on nitrate-depletion temperatures, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5403–5421, 1999.
Chisholm, S. W.: Phytoplankton size, in: Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea, edited by: Falkowski, P. G. and Woodhead, A. D., Plenum Press, New York, 213–238, 1992.
Ciotti, A. and Bricaud, A.: Retrievals of a size parameter for phytoplankton and spectral light absorption by colored detrital matter from water-leaving radiances at SeaWiFS channels in a continental shelf region off Brazil, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 4, 237–253, 2006.
Ciotti, A., Lewis, M., and Cullen, J.: Assessment of the relationships between dominant cell size in natural phytoplankton communities and the spectral shape of the absorption coefficient, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 404–417, 2002.
Cleveland, J. and Weidemann, A.: Quantifying absorption by aquatic particles: A multiple scattering correction for glass-fiber filters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38, 1321–1327, 1993.
Comiso, J.: A rapidly declining perennial sea ice cover in the Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 17–11, 2002.
Comiso, J. C., Parkinson, C. L., Gersten, R., and Stock, L.: Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01703, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031972, 2008.
Cota, G., Harrison, W., Platt, T., Sathyendranath, S., and Stuart, V.: Bio-optical properties of the Labrador Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3228, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000597, 2003.
Cota, G., Wang, J., and Comiso, J.: Transformation of global satellite chlorophyll retrievals with a regionally tuned algorithm, Remote Sens. Environ., 90, 373–377, 2004.
Darecki, M. and Stramski, D.: An evaluation of MODIS and SeaWiFS bio-optical algorithms in the Baltic Sea, Remote Sens. Environ., 89, 326–350, 2004.
Devred, E., Sathyendranath, S., Stuart, V., and Platt, T.: A three component classification of phytoplankton absorption spectra: Application to ocean-color data, Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 2255–2266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.04.025, 2011.
Fishwick, J., Aiken, J., Barlow, R., Sessions, H., Bernard, S., and Ras, J.: Functional relationships and bio-optical properties derived from phytoplankton pigments, optical and photosynthetic parameters; a case study of the Benguela ecosystem, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 86, 1267–1280, 2006.
Gosselin, M., Levasseur, M., Wheeler, P., Horner, R. and Booth, B.: New measurements of phytoplankton and ice algal production in the Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 44, 1623–1644, 1997.
Grebmeier, J., McRoy, C., and Feder, H.: Pelagic-benthic coupling on the shelf of the northern Bering and Chukchi seas. 1. Food supply source and benthic biomass, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 48, 57–67, 1988.
Grebmeier, J., Cooper, L., Feder, H., and Sirenko, B.: Ecosystem dynamics of the Pacific-influenced northern Bering and Chukchi Seas in the Amerasian Arctic, Prog. Oceanogr., 71, 331–361, 2006a.
Grebmeier, J., Overland, J., Moore, S., Farley, E., Carmack, E., Cooper, L., Frey, K., Helle, J., and McLaughlin, F.: A major ecosystem shift in the northern Bering Sea, Science, 311, 1461–1464, 2006b.
Green, R. E. and Sosik, H. M.: Analysis of apparent optical properties and ocean color models using measurements of seawater constituents in New England continental shelf surface waters, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C03026. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC001977, 2004.
Hare, C. E., Leblanc, K., DiTullio, G. R., Kudela, R. M., Zhang, Y., Lee, P. A., Riseman, S., and Hutchins, D. A.: Consequences of increased temperature and CO2 for phytoplankton community structure in the Bering Sea, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 352, 9–16, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07182, 2007.
Hirata, T., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Brewin, R. J. W., Aiken, J., Barlow, R., Suzuki, K., Isada, T., Howell, E., Hashioka, T., Noguchi-Aita, M., and Yamanaka, Y.: Synoptic relationships between surface Chlorophyll-
a and diagnostic pigments specific to phytoplankton functional types, Biogeosciences, 8, 311–327, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-311-2011, 2011.
Jeffrey, S. W. and Vesk, M.: Introduction to marine phytoplankton and their pigment signatures, in: Phytoplankton Pigments in Oceanography: Guidelines to Modern Methods, edited by: Jeffrey, S. W., Mantoura, R. F. C., and Wright, S. W., UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 37–84, 1997.
Kishino, M., Takahashi, M., Okami, N., and Ichimura, S.: Estimation of the spectral absorption coefficients of phytoplankton in the sea, B. Mar. Sci., 37, 634–642, 1985.
Kostadinov, T., Siegel, D., and Maritorena, S.: Retrieval of the particle size distribution from satellite ocean color observations, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C09015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005303, 2009.
Lee, Z., Carder, K., and Arnone, R.: Deriving inherent optical properties from water color: a multiband quasi-analytical algorithm for optically deep waters, Appl. Optics, 41, 5755–5772, 2002.
Lee, Z., Lubac, B., Werdell, J., and Arnone, R.: An Update of the Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (QAA{_}v5),
http://www.ioccg.org/groups/Software_OCA/QAA_v5.pdf, retrieved from
http://www.ioccg.org/groups/software.html, 2009.
Li, W. K. W., McLaughlin, F. A., Lovejoy, C., and Carmack, E. C.: Smallest Algae Thrive As the Arctic Ocean Freshens, Science, 326, 539–539, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1179798, 2009.
Lochte, K., Ducklow, H. W., Fasham, M. J. R., and Stienens, C.: Plankton succession and carbon cycling at 47° N 20° W during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 40, 91–114, 1993.
Loisel, H., Nicolas, J., Sciandra, A., Stramski, D., and Poteau, A.: Spectral dependency of optical backscattering by marine particles from satellite remote sensing of the global ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C09024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003367, 2006.
Lyon, P. and Hoge, F.: The linear matrix inversion algorithm, in: Remote Sensing of Inherent Optical Properties: Fundamentals, Tests of Algorithms, and Applications, edited by: Lee, Z., Dartmouth, IOCCG, 49–56, 2006.
Maffione, R. and Dana, D.: Instruments and methods for measuring the backward-scattering coefficient of ocean waters, Appl. Optics, 36, 6057–6067, 1997.
Mizobata, K., Shimada, K., Woodgate, R., Saitoh, S., and Wang, J.: Estimation of heat flux through the eastern Bering Strait, J. Oceanogr., 66, 405–424, 2010.
Montes-Hugo, M. A., Vernet, M., Smith, R., and Carder, K.: Phytoplankton size-structure on the western shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula: a remote-sensing approach, Int. J. Remote Sens., 29, 801–829, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160701297615, 2008.
Mouw, C. B. and Yoder, J. A.: Optical determination of phytoplankton size composition from global SeaWiFS imagery, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C12018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006337, 2010.
Noiri, Y., Kudo, I., Kiyosawa, H., Nishioka, J., and Tsuda, A.: Influence of iron and temperature on growth, nutrient utilization ratios and phytoplankton species composition in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean during the SEEDS experiment, Prog. Oceanogr., 64, 149–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2005.02.006, 2005.
Pabi, S., van Dijken, G., and Arrigo, K.: Primary production in the Arctic Ocean, 1998–2006, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C08005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004578, 2008.
Parkinson, C. and Cavalieri, D.: Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2006, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C07003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004558, 2008.
Pegau, W. S.: Inherent optical properties of the central Arctic surface waters, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8035, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000382, 2002.
Pegau, S., Ronald, J., Zaneveld, V., Mitchell, B. G., Mueller, J. L., Kahru, M., and Wieland, J.: Ocean optics protocols for satellite ocean color sensor validation, revision 4, in: Inherent Optical Properties: Instruments, Characterizations, Field Measurements and Data Analysis Protocols (Vol. IV), edited by: Mueller, J. L., Fargion, G. S., and McClain, C. R., Goddard Space Flight Cent., Greenbelt, 1–83, 2003.
Reynolds, R., Stramski, D., and Mitchell, B.: A chlorophyll-dependent semianalytical reflectance model derived from field measurements of absorption and backscattering coefficients within the Southern Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7125–7138, 2001.
Sathyendranath, S., Cota, G., Stuart, V., Maass, H., and Platt, T.: Remote sensing of phytoplankton pigments: a comparison of empirical and theoretical approaches, Int. J. Remote Sens., 22, 249–273, 2001.
Sathyendranath, S., Watts, L., Devred, E., Platt, T., Caverhill, C., and Maass, H.: Discrimination of diatoms from other phytoplankton using ocean-colour data, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 272, 59–68, 2004.
Shimada, K., Kamoshida, T., Itoh, M., Nishino, S., Carmack, E., McLaughlin, F., Zimmermann, S., and Proshutinsky, A.: Pacific Ocean inflow: Influence on catastrophic reduction of sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L08605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025624, 2006.
Smith, R. and Baker, K.: Optical properties of the clearest natural waters (200–800 nm), Appl. Optics, 20, 177–184, 1981.
Smyth, T., Moore, G., Hirata, T., and Aiken, J.: Semianalytical model for the derivation of ocean color inherent optical properties: description, implementation, and performance assessment, Appl. Optics, 45, 8116–8131, 2006.
Springer, A. M. and McRoy, C. P.: The paradox of pelagic food webs in the northern Bering Sea-III. Patterns of primary productivity, Cont. Shelf Res., 13, 575–599, 1993.
Suzuki, K., Hinuma, A., Saito, H., Kiyosawa, H., Liu, H., Saino, T., and Tsuda, A.: Responses of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in the northwest subarctic Pacific to in situ iron fertilization as estimated by HPLC pigment analysis and flow cytometry, Prog. Oceanogr., 64, 167–187, 2005.
Turner, S. M., Malin, G., Liss, P. S., Harbour, D. S., and Holligan, P. M.: The seasonal variation of dimethyl sulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate concentrations in nearshore waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 33, 364–375, 1988.
Uitz, J., Claustre, H., Morel, A., and Hooker, S.: Vertical distribution of phytoplankton communities in open ocean: An assessment based on surface chlorophyll, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C08005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003207, 2006.
Vaillancourt, R. D., Brown, C. W., Guillard, R. R. L., and Balch, W. M.: Light backscattering properties of marine phytoplankton: relationships to cell size, chemical composition and taxonomy, J. Plankton Res., 26, 191–212, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbh012, 2004.
Vidussi, F., Claustre, H., Manca, B., Luchetta, A., and Marty, J.: Phytoplankton pigment distribution in relation to upper thermocline circulation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during winter, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 19939, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC000308, 2001.
Walsh, J., McRoy, C., Coachman, L., Goering, J., Nihoul, J., Whitledge, T. E., Blackburn, T., Parker, P., Wirick, C., Shuert, P., Grebmeier, J., Springer, A., Tripp, R., Hansell, D., Djenidi, S., Deleersnijder, E., Henriksen, K., Lund, B., Andersen, P., Müller-Karger, F., and Dean, K.: Carbon and nitrogen cycling within the Bering/Chukchi Seas: source regions for organic matter affecting AOU demands of the Arctic Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 22, 277–359, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(89)90006-2, 1989.
Wang, J. and Cota, G.: Remote-sensing reflectance in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas: observations and models, Appl. Optics, 42, 2754–2765, 2003.
Wang, J., Cota, G., and Ruble, D.: Absorption and backscattering in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C04014, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001653, 2005.
Welschmeyer, N.: Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and pheopigments, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 1985–1992, 1994.
Woodgate, R. A. and Aagaard, K.: Revising the Bering Strait freshwater flux into the Arctic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021747, 2005.
Woodgate, R. A., Aagaard, K., and Weingartner, T. J.: Interannual changes in the Bering Strait fluxes of volume, heat and freshwater between 1991 and 2004, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, 15609, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026931, 2006.
Woodgate, R. A., Weingartner, T., and Lindsay, R.: The 2007 Bering Strait oceanic heat flux and anomalous Arctic sea-ice retreat, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, 01602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041621, 2010.
Wozniak, S. and Stramski, D.: Modeling the optical properties of mineral particles suspended in seawater and their influence on ocean reflectance and chlorophyll estimation from remote sensing algorithms, Appl. Optics, 43, 3489–3503, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.43.003489, 2004.
Wright, S. W. and Jeffrey, S. W.: Pigment markers for phytoplankton production, in: Marine Organic Matter: Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA, edited by: Volkmann, J. K., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 71–104, 2006.
Zehr, J. and Carpenter, E.: New perspectives on nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in tropical and subtropical oceans, Trends Microbiol., 8, 68–73, 2000.
Zhang, Y., Feng, L., Li, J., Luo, L., Yin, Y., Liu, M., and Li, Y.: Seasonal-spatial variation and remote sensing of phytoplankton absorption in Lake Taihu, a large eutrophic and shallow lake in China, J. Plankton Res., 32, 1023–1037, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbq039, 2010.
