the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Global land-atmosphere exchange of methane and nitrous oxide: magnitude and spatiotemporal patterns
Abstract. Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are two most important greenhouse gases after carbon dioxide, but their regional and global budgets are far from certain, which is largely owing to uncertainties in scaling up field measurements as well as the poor model representation of processes and factors governing CH4 and N2O exchange between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere. In this study, we applied a process-based, coupled biogeochemical model (DLEM – the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model) to estimate the magnitudes, spatial and temporal patterns of CH4 and N2O fluxes as driven by multiple environmental changes including climate variability, rising atmospheric CO2, increasing nitrogen deposition, tropospheric ozone pollution, land use change and nitrogen fertilizer use. The estimated CH4 and N2O emissions from global land ecosystems were 169.43 ± 32.92 Tg C yr−1 and 12.52 ± 1.52 Tg N yr−1, respectively. Our simulations have indicated a significant (P < 0.01) increasing trend for CH4 (0.75 ± 0.08 Tg C yr−1) and N2O (0.14 ± 0.02 Tg N yr−1) during 1981–2010. CH4 and N2O emissions increased significantly in most climatic zones and continents, especially in tropical region and Asia. The most rapid increase in CH4 emission was found in wetlands (including rice fields and natural wetlands) owing to increased rice field area and climate change; N2O emission increased substantially for all the biome types and the largest increase occurred in upland crops owing to increasing air temperature and nitrogen fertilizer use. Given large increase in CH4 and N2O emission at global scale, we suggest that these two gases together with CO2 have to be simultaneously considered when evaluating if a policy is effective or efficient to reduce global warming in the future.
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- RC C8481: 'review', Anonymous Referee #1, 06 Feb 2014
- RC C8536: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #2, 08 Feb 2014
- AC C9201: 'Response letter for BGD-10-C8536-2014 (Tian et al. Biogeosciences Discussion)', Hanqin Tian, 13 Mar 2014
- RC C8481: 'review', Anonymous Referee #1, 06 Feb 2014
- RC C8536: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #2, 08 Feb 2014
- AC C9201: 'Response letter for BGD-10-C8536-2014 (Tian et al. Biogeosciences Discussion)', Hanqin Tian, 13 Mar 2014
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Cited
9 citations as recorded by crossref.
- North American terrestrial CO2 uptake largely offset by CH4 and N2O emissions: toward a full accounting of the greenhouse gas budget H. Tian et al. 10.1007/s10584-014-1072-9
- Global variations and drivers of nitrous oxide emissions from forests and grasslands L. Yu et al. 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1094177
- A historical reconstruction of cropland in China from 1900 to 2016 Z. Yu et al. 10.5194/essd-13-3203-2021
- Spatial and temporal variations of N2O emissions from global forest and grassland ecosystems K. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.12.011
- Process‐based TRIPLEX‐GHG model for simulating N2O emissions from global forests and grasslands: Model development and evaluation K. Zhang et al. 10.1002/2017MS000934
- Estimation of greenhouse gas mitigation potential through optimized application of synthetic N, P and K fertilizer to major cereal crops: A case study from China G. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117650
- Development of a Process‐Based N2O Emission Model for Natural Forest and Grassland Ecosystems M. Ma et al. 10.1029/2021MS002460
- The contrasting effects of deposited NH4+ and NO3− on soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in a subtropical plantation, southern China X. Li et al. 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.10.003
- Magnitude and Edaphic Controls of Nitrous Oxide Fluxes in Natural Forests at Different Scales K. Zhang et al. 10.3390/f11030251