Articles | Volume 12, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5735-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5735-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 Oct 2015
Research article |
| 08 Oct 2015
Evaluation of stem rot in 339 Bornean tree species: implications of size, taxonomy, and soil-related variation for aboveground biomass estimates
K. D. Heineman
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Program for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, USA
S. E. Russo
School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
I. C. Baillie
National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield University, UK
Forest Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
J. D. Mamit
Forest Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
Datuk Menteri Yang Berhormat, Federal Parliament of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
P. P.-K. Chai
Forest Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
L. Chai
Forest Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
E. W. Hindley
02 591 57 W Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
B.-T. Lau
Forest Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
S. Tan
Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
P. S. Ashton
Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, USA and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
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Cited
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Assessing Trametes pini infection in Atlas cedar trees: Findings from acoustic tomography and biopolymer analysis W. Moustaid et al. 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02576
- Relative roles of termites and saprotrophic microbes as drivers of wood decay: A wood block test A. Cheesman et al. 10.1111/aec.12561
- Relevance of wood anatomy and size of Amazonian trees in the determination and allometry of sapwood area L. APARECIDO et al. 10.1590/1809-4392201800961
- A Comparative Study of Stem Rot Severity in Mature Deciduous Trees in Latvia J. Liepiņš et al. 10.3390/su16010144
- Association of growth and hollow stem development in Shorea albida trees in a tropical peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia Y. Monda et al. 10.1007/s00468-018-1717-9
- Use of sonic tomography to detect and quantify wood decay in living trees G. Gilbert et al. 10.3732/apps.1600060
- The Application of Sonic Tomography (PiCUS 3 Sonic Tomograph) to Detect and Quantify Hidden Wood Decay in Managed Norway Spruce Stands T. Tarmu et al. 10.3390/f13081260
- Stem Decay in Live Trees: Heartwood Hollows and Termites in Five Timber Species in Eastern Amazonia A. Eleuterio et al. 10.3390/f11101087
- Estimating carbon loss due to internal decay in living trees using tomography: implications for forest carbon budgets R. Marra et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/aae2bf
- Soil attributes and microclimate are important drivers of initial deadwood decay in sub-alpine Norway spruce forests G. Fravolini et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.167
- Damage to living trees contributes to almost half of the biomass losses in tropical forests D. Zuleta et al. 10.1111/gcb.16687
- Determining the size of internal air cavities in linden (Tilia Europaea) trunks via ground penetrating radar M. Sudakova et al. 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105761
- The significance of large old trees and tree cavities for forest carbon estimates M. Hauck et al. 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121319
- Termitaria enhance soil and forest diversity in Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest, Northern Thailand M. Kaewfoo et al. 10.1017/S0266467423000342
- Cavities and the Demographic Performance of Tropical Rainforest Trees D. Datta et al. 10.1111/ele.70091
- Patterns and mechanisms of spatial variation in tropical forest productivity, woody residence time, and biomass H. Muller‐Landau et al. 10.1111/nph.17084
- Does biomass growth increase in the largest trees? Flaws, fallacies and alternative analyses D. Sheil et al. 10.1111/1365-2435.12775
- Shifts in internal stem damage along a tropical precipitation gradient and implications for forest biomass estimation H. Flores‐Moreno et al. 10.1111/nph.19417
- Sapwood area~DBH allometries for 14 common tree species in a successional tropical forest in Thailand S. Yaemphum et al. 10.1093/forestry/cpab054
- Impacts of a severe storm on carbon accumulation in coarse woody debris within a secondary Atlantic Forest fragment in Brazil P. Villanova et al. 10.1007/s10661-024-12316-8
- Forest responses to simulated elevated CO2 under alternate hypotheses of size‐ and age‐dependent mortality J. Needham et al. 10.1111/gcb.15254
- Drivers and mechanisms of tree mortality in moist tropical forests N. McDowell et al. 10.1111/nph.15027
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Assessing Trametes pini infection in Atlas cedar trees: Findings from acoustic tomography and biopolymer analysis W. Moustaid et al. 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02576
- Relative roles of termites and saprotrophic microbes as drivers of wood decay: A wood block test A. Cheesman et al. 10.1111/aec.12561
- Relevance of wood anatomy and size of Amazonian trees in the determination and allometry of sapwood area L. APARECIDO et al. 10.1590/1809-4392201800961
- A Comparative Study of Stem Rot Severity in Mature Deciduous Trees in Latvia J. Liepiņš et al. 10.3390/su16010144
- Association of growth and hollow stem development in Shorea albida trees in a tropical peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia Y. Monda et al. 10.1007/s00468-018-1717-9
- Use of sonic tomography to detect and quantify wood decay in living trees G. Gilbert et al. 10.3732/apps.1600060
- The Application of Sonic Tomography (PiCUS 3 Sonic Tomograph) to Detect and Quantify Hidden Wood Decay in Managed Norway Spruce Stands T. Tarmu et al. 10.3390/f13081260
- Stem Decay in Live Trees: Heartwood Hollows and Termites in Five Timber Species in Eastern Amazonia A. Eleuterio et al. 10.3390/f11101087
- Estimating carbon loss due to internal decay in living trees using tomography: implications for forest carbon budgets R. Marra et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/aae2bf
- Soil attributes and microclimate are important drivers of initial deadwood decay in sub-alpine Norway spruce forests G. Fravolini et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.167
- Damage to living trees contributes to almost half of the biomass losses in tropical forests D. Zuleta et al. 10.1111/gcb.16687
- Determining the size of internal air cavities in linden (Tilia Europaea) trunks via ground penetrating radar M. Sudakova et al. 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105761
- The significance of large old trees and tree cavities for forest carbon estimates M. Hauck et al. 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121319
- Termitaria enhance soil and forest diversity in Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest, Northern Thailand M. Kaewfoo et al. 10.1017/S0266467423000342
- Cavities and the Demographic Performance of Tropical Rainforest Trees D. Datta et al. 10.1111/ele.70091
- Patterns and mechanisms of spatial variation in tropical forest productivity, woody residence time, and biomass H. Muller‐Landau et al. 10.1111/nph.17084
- Does biomass growth increase in the largest trees? Flaws, fallacies and alternative analyses D. Sheil et al. 10.1111/1365-2435.12775
- Shifts in internal stem damage along a tropical precipitation gradient and implications for forest biomass estimation H. Flores‐Moreno et al. 10.1111/nph.19417
- Sapwood area~DBH allometries for 14 common tree species in a successional tropical forest in Thailand S. Yaemphum et al. 10.1093/forestry/cpab054
3 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impacts of a severe storm on carbon accumulation in coarse woody debris within a secondary Atlantic Forest fragment in Brazil P. Villanova et al. 10.1007/s10661-024-12316-8
- Forest responses to simulated elevated CO2 under alternate hypotheses of size‐ and age‐dependent mortality J. Needham et al. 10.1111/gcb.15254
- Drivers and mechanisms of tree mortality in moist tropical forests N. McDowell et al. 10.1111/nph.15027
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 04 Nov 2025
Short summary
Stem rot is a poorly constrained source of error in forest biomass estimates. We quantified frequency and severity of rot in stems felled, drilled, and cored in a Bornean rainforest and the association of stem rot with tree size, taxonomy, and edaphic conditions. Stem rot frequency increased with tree size and varied widely among taxa. Stem rot encompassed 9% of stem volume on average, and the reduction in forest biomass lost to rot was greater on low fertility compared to high fertility soils.
Stem rot is a poorly constrained source of error in forest biomass estimates. We quantified...
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