Articles | Volume 15, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5131-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5131-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Conversion of tropical forests to smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations impacts nutrient leaching losses and nutrient retention efficiency in highly weathered soils
Syahrul Kurniawan
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Faculty of Forest
Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Germany
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University,
Indonesia
Marife D. Corre
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Faculty of Forest
Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Germany
Amanda L. Matson
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Faculty of Forest
Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Germany
Hubert Schulte-Bisping
Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest
Ecology, University of Göttingen, Germany
Sri Rahayu Utami
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University,
Indonesia
Oliver van Straaten
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Faculty of Forest
Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Germany
Edzo Veldkamp
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Faculty of Forest
Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Armando Molina, Veerle Vanacker, Oliver Chadwick, Santiago Zhiminaicela, Marife Corre, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 21, 3075–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The tropical Andes contains unique landscapes where forest patches are surrounded by tussock grasses and cushion-forming plants. The aboveground vegetation composition informs us about belowground nutrient availability: patterns in plant-available nutrients resulted from strong biocycling of cations and removal of soil nutrients by plant uptake or leaching. Future changes in vegetation distribution will affect soil water and solute fluxes and the aquatic ecology of Andean rivers and lakes.
Guantao Chen, Edzo Veldkamp, Muhammad Damris, Bambang Irawan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Marife D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 21, 513–529, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We established an oil palm management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation in Jambi, Indonesia. We recorded oil palm fruit yield and measured soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes. After 4 years of treatment, compared with conventional fertilization with herbicide weeding, reduced fertilization with mechanical weeding did not reduce yield and soil greenhouse gas emissions, which highlights the legacy effects of over a decade of conventional management prior to the start of the experiment.
Oliver van Straaten, Larissa Kulp, Guntars O. Martinson, Dan Paul Zederer, and Ulrike Talkner
SOIL, 9, 39–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-39-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-39-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Across northern Europe, millions of hectares of forest have been limed to counteract soil acidification and restore forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated how restorative liming affects the forest soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and correspondingly ecosystem greenhouse gas fluxes. We found that the magnitude and direction of SOC stock changes hinge on the inherent site characteristics, namely, forest type, soil texture, initial soil pH, and initial soil SOC stocks (before liming).
Balázs Grosz, Reinhard Well, Rene Dechow, Jan Reent Köster, Mohammad Ibrahim Khalil, Simone Merl, Andreas Rode, Bianca Ziehmer, Amanda Matson, and Hongxing He
Biogeosciences, 18, 5681–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5681-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5681-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To assure quality predictions biogeochemical models must be current. We use data measured using novel incubation methods to test the denitrification sub-modules of three models. We aim to identify limitations in the denitrification modeling to inform next steps for development. Several areas are identified, most urgently improved denitrification control parameters and further testing with high-temporal-resolution datasets. Addressing these would significantly improve denitrification modeling.
Joseph Tamale, Roman Hüppi, Marco Griepentrog, Laban Frank Turyagyenda, Matti Barthel, Sebastian Doetterl, Peter Fiener, and Oliver van Straaten
SOIL, 7, 433–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-433-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-433-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were measured monthly from nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), N and P, and control plots of the first nutrient manipulation experiment located in an African pristine tropical forest using static chambers. The results suggest (1) contrasting soil GHG responses to nutrient addition, hence highlighting the complexity of the tropical forests, and (2) that the feedback of tropical forests to the global soil GHG budget could be altered by changes in N and P availability.
Najeeb Al-Amin Iddris, Marife D. Corre, Martin Yemefack, Oliver van Straaten, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 17, 5377–5397, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5377-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5377-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified the changes in stem and soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes with forest conversion to cacao agroforestry in the Congo Basin, Cameroon. All forest and cacao trees consistently emitted N2O, contributing 8–38 % of the total (soil and stem) emissions. Forest conversion to extensively managed (>–20 years old) cacao agroforestry had no effect on stem and soil N2O fluxes. Our results highlight the importance of including tree-mediated fluxes in the ecosystem-level N2O budget.
Greta Formaglio, Edzo Veldkamp, Xiaohong Duan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Marife D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 17, 5243–5262, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5243-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5243-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The intensive management of large-scale oil palm plantations may result in high nutrient leaching losses which reduce soil fertility and potentially pollute water bodies. The reduction in management intensity with lower fertilization rates and with mechanical weeding instead of the use of herbicide results in lower nutrient leaching losses while maintaining high yield. Lower leaching results from lower nutrient inputs from fertilizer and from higher retention by enhanced cover vegetation.
Ashehad A. Ali, Yuanchao Fan, Marife D. Corre, Martyna M. Kotowska, Evelyn Hassler, Fernando E. Moyano, Christian Stiegler, Alexander Röll, Ana Meijide, Andre Ringeler, Christoph Leuschner, Tania June, Suria Tarigan, Holger Kreft, Dirk Hölscher, Chonggang Xu, Charles D. Koven, Rosie Fisher, Edzo Veldkamp, and Alexander Knohl
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-236, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-236, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We used carbon-use and water-use related datasets of small-holder rubber plantations from Jambi province, Indonesia to develop and calibrate a rubber plant functional type for the Community Land Model (CLM-rubber). Increased sensitivity of stomata to soil water stress and enhanced respiration costs enabled the model to capture the magnitude of transpiration and leaf area index. Including temporal variations in leaf life span enabled the model to better capture the seasonality of leaf litterfall.
Marleen de Blécourt, Marife D. Corre, Ekananda Paudel, Rhett D. Harrison, Rainer Brumme, and Edzo Veldkamp
SOIL, 3, 123–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-123-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-123-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the spatial variability in SOC in a 10 000 ha landscape in SW China. The spatial variability in SOC was largest at the plot scale (1 ha) and the associations between SOC and land use, soil properties, vegetation, and topographical attributes varied across plot to landscape scales. Our results show that sampling designs must consider the controlling factors at the scale of interest in order to elucidate their effects on SOC against the variability within and between plots.
Amanda L. Matson, Marife D. Corre, Kerstin Langs, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 14, 3509–3524, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3509-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3509-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present 1 to 2 years of greenhouse gas flux field measurements (CO2, CH4, N2O and NO) in the tropical forest soils of Panama. Fluxes were measured in five sites along the orthogonal gradients of precipitation and fertility. Using these natural gradients, our results highlight the importance of both short-term (climate) and long-term (soil and site characteristics) factors in predicting soil trace gas fluxes and provide information for modeling trace gases under future climate scenarios.
Evelyn Hassler, Marife D. Corre, Syahrul Kurniawan, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 14, 2781–2798, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2781-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2781-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the soil N-oxide gases, N2O and NO in four land uses of Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. We aimed to assess the impact of forest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations on these N-oxide gases. We found that there were no differences in soil N-oxide fluxes among land uses. However, soil N-oxide fluxes increased following N-fertilizer application in oil palm plantations. We estimated an annual soil N-oxide emission of 361 t N yr−1 from N fertilization for the Jambi province.
H. C. Hombegowda, O. van Straaten, M. Köhler, and D. Hölscher
SOIL, 2, 13–23, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-13-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-13-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Incorporating trees into agriculture systems provides numerous environmental services. In this chronosequence study conducted across S. India, we found that agroforestry systems (AFSs), specifically home gardens, coffee, coconut and mango, can cause soil organic carbon (SOC) to rebound to forest levels. We established 224 plots in 56 clusters and compared the SOC between natural forests, agriculture and AFSs. SOC sequestered depending on AFS type, environmental conditions and tree diversity.
E. Hassler, M. D. Corre, A. Tjoa, M. Damris, S. R. Utami, and E. Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 12, 5831–5852, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5831-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5831-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We found that in Indonesia, oil palm displayed reduced soil CO2 fluxes compared to forest and rubber plantations; this was mainly caused by reduced litter input. Furthermore, we measured reduced soil CH4 uptake in oil palm and rubber plantations compared to forest; this was due to a decrease in soil N availability in the converted land uses. Our study shows for the first time that differences in soil fertility control soil-atmosphere exchange of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical landscape.
S. Vicca, M. Bahn, M. Estiarte, E. E. van Loon, R. Vargas, G. Alberti, P. Ambus, M. A. Arain, C. Beier, L. P. Bentley, W. Borken, N. Buchmann, S. L. Collins, G. de Dato, J. S. Dukes, C. Escolar, P. Fay, G. Guidolotti, P. J. Hanson, A. Kahmen, G. Kröel-Dulay, T. Ladreiter-Knauss, K. S. Larsen, E. Lellei-Kovacs, E. Lebrija-Trejos, F. T. Maestre, S. Marhan, M. Marshall, P. Meir, Y. Miao, J. Muhr, P. A. Niklaus, R. Ogaya, J. Peñuelas, C. Poll, L. E. Rustad, K. Savage, A. Schindlbacher, I. K. Schmidt, A. R. Smith, E. D. Sotta, V. Suseela, A. Tietema, N. van Gestel, O. van Straaten, S. Wan, U. Weber, and I. A. Janssens
Biogeosciences, 11, 2991–3013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2991-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2991-2014, 2014
E. Veldkamp, B. Koehler, and M. D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 10, 5367–5379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5367-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5367-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Groundwater
Small-scale hydrological patterns in a Siberian permafrost ecosystem affected by drainage
Predicting the impact of spatial heterogeneity on microbially mediated nutrient cycling in the subsurface
Molecular characterization of organic matter mobilized from Bangladeshi aquifer sediment: tracking carbon compositional change during microbial utilization
Tracking the direct impact of rainfall on groundwater at Mt. Fuji by multiple analyses including microbial DNA
Functional diversity of microbial communities in pristine aquifers inferred by PLFA- and sequencing-based approaches
Biogeochemical constraints on the origin of methane in an alluvial aquifer: evidence for the upward migration of methane from underlying coal measures
Ash leachates from some recent eruptions of Mount Etna (Italy) and Popocatépetl (Mexico) volcanoes and their impact on amphibian living freshwater organisms
Predicting the denitrification capacity of sandy aquifers from in situ measurements using push–pull 15N tracer tests
Biomass uptake and fire as controls on groundwater solute evolution on a southeast Australian granite: aboriginal land management hypothesis
17O excess traces atmospheric nitrate in paleo-groundwater of the Saharan desert
Interactions of local climatic, biotic and hydrogeochemical processes facilitate phosphorus dynamics along an Everglades forest-marsh gradient
Predicting the denitrification capacity of sandy aquifers from shorter-term incubation experiments and sediment properties
Management, regulation and environmental impacts of nitrogen fertilization in northwestern Europe under the Nitrates Directive; a benchmark study
Regional analysis of groundwater nitrate concentrations and trends in Denmark in regard to agricultural influence
Denitrification and inference of nitrogen sources in the karstic Floridan Aquifer
Characterization of broom fibers for PRB in the remediation of aquifers contaminated by heavy metals
Sandra Raab, Karel Castro-Morales, Anke Hildebrandt, Martin Heimann, Jorien Elisabeth Vonk, Nikita Zimov, and Mathias Goeckede
Biogeosciences, 21, 2571–2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2571-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2571-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water status is an important control factor on sustainability of Arctic permafrost soils, including production and transport of carbon. We compared a drained permafrost ecosystem with a natural control area, investigating water levels, thaw depths, and lateral water flows. We found that shifts in water levels following drainage affected soil water availability and that lateral transport patterns were of major relevance. Understanding these shifts is crucial for future carbon budget studies.
Swamini Khurana, Falk Heße, Anke Hildebrandt, and Martin Thullner
Biogeosciences, 19, 665–688, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-665-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-665-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we concluded that the residence times of solutes and the Damköhler number (Da) of the biogeochemical reactions in the domain are governing factors for evaluating the impact of spatial heterogeneity of the domain on chemical (such as carbon and nitrogen compounds) removal. We thus proposed a relationship to scale this impact governed by Da. This relationship may be applied in larger domains, thereby resulting in more accurate modelling outcomes of nutrient removal in groundwater.
Lara E. Pracht, Malak M. Tfaily, Robert J. Ardissono, and Rebecca B. Neumann
Biogeosciences, 15, 1733–1747, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1733-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1733-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon in aquifer recharge waters and sediments can fuel microbial reactions that affect groundwater quality. We used high-resolution mass spectrometry to molecularly characterize organic carbon mobilized off sediment collected from a Bangladeshi aquifer, to reference its composition against dissolved organic carbon in aquifer recharge water, to track compositional changes during incubation, and to advance understanding of microbial processing of organic carbon in anaerobic environments.
Ayumi Sugiyama, Suguru Masuda, Kazuyo Nagaosa, Maki Tsujimura, and Kenji Kato
Biogeosciences, 15, 721–732, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-721-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-721-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The direct impact of rainfall on groundwater at Mt. Fuji, the largest volcanic mountain in Japan, was elucidated by multiple analyses including microbial DNA. Bacterial abundance and DNA not only supported the findings on the movement of groundwater obtained from chemical analyses but also elucidated chemically unseen flow. Evidence of piston flow in deep groundwater was first shown through changes in archaeal density and diversity. Microbial analysis extends our understanding of groundwater.
Valérie F. Schwab, Martina Herrmann, Vanessa-Nina Roth, Gerd Gleixner, Robert Lehmann, Georg Pohnert, Susan Trumbore, Kirsten Küsel, and Kai U. Totsche
Biogeosciences, 14, 2697–2714, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2697-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2697-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We used phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) to link specific microbial markers to the spatio-temporal changes of groundwater physico-chemistry. PLFA-based functional groups were directly supported by DNA/RNA results. O2 resulted in increased eukaryotic biomass and abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria but impeded anammox, sulphate-reducing and iron-reducing bacteria. Our study demonstrates the power of PLFA-based approaches to study the nature and activity of microorganisms in pristine aquifers.
Charlotte P. Iverach, Sabrina Beckmann, Dioni I. Cendón, Mike Manefield, and Bryce F. J. Kelly
Biogeosciences, 14, 215–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-215-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-215-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This research characterised the biogeochemical constraints on the origin of methane in an alluvial aquifer, concluding that the most likely source was the upward migration from a directly underlying coal seam. This research was undertaken due to concerns about the effect of coal seam gas production on groundwater quality in the study area. The implications include the fact that no methane is being produced in the aquifer (in situ) and that there is local natural connectivity in the study area.
M. D'Addabbo, R. Sulpizio, M. Guidi, G. Capitani, P. Mantecca, and G. Zanchetta
Biogeosciences, 12, 7087–7106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7087-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7087-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Leaching experiments were carried out on fresh ash samples from the 2012 Popocatépetl, and 2011/12 Etna eruptions, in order to investigate the release of compounds in water. Results were discussed in the light of changing pH and release of compounds for the different leachates. They were used for toxicity experiments on living biota (Xenopus laevis). They are mildly toxic, and no significant differences exist between the toxic profiles of the two leachates.
W. Eschenbach, R. Well, and W. Walther
Biogeosciences, 12, 2327–2346, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2327-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2327-2015, 2015
J. F. Dean, J. A. Webb, G. E. Jacobsen, R. Chisari, and P. E. Dresel
Biogeosciences, 11, 4099–4114, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4099-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4099-2014, 2014
M. Dietzel, A. Leis, R. Abdalla, J. Savarino, S. Morin, M. E. Böttcher, and S. Köhler
Biogeosciences, 11, 3149–3161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3149-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3149-2014, 2014
T. G. Troxler, C. Coronado-Molina, D. N. Rondeau, S. Krupa, S. Newman, M. Manna, R. M. Price, and F. H. Sklar
Biogeosciences, 11, 899–914, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-899-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-899-2014, 2014
W. Eschenbach and R. Well
Biogeosciences, 10, 1013–1035, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1013-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1013-2013, 2013
H. J. M. van Grinsven, H. F. M. ten Berge, T. Dalgaard, B. Fraters, P. Durand, A. Hart, G. Hofman, B. H. Jacobsen, S. T. J. Lalor, J. P. Lesschen, B. Osterburg, K. G. Richards, A.-K. Techen, F. Vertès, J. Webb, and W. J. Willems
Biogeosciences, 9, 5143–5160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5143-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5143-2012, 2012
B. Hansen, T. Dalgaard, L. Thorling, B. Sørensen, and M. Erlandsen
Biogeosciences, 9, 3277–3286, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3277-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3277-2012, 2012
J. B. Heffernan, A. R. Albertin, M. L. Fork, B. G. Katz, and M. J. Cohen
Biogeosciences, 9, 1671–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1671-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1671-2012, 2012
C. Fallico, S. Troisi, A. Molinari, and M. F. Rivera
Biogeosciences, 7, 2545–2556, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2545-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2545-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Allen, K., Corre, M. D., Tjoa, A., and Veldkamp, E.: Soil nitrogen-cycling
responses to conversion of lowland forests to oil palm and rubber plantations
in Sumatra, Indonesia, PLoS ONE, 10, e0133325,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133325, 2015.
Allen, K., Corre, M. D., Kurniawan, S., Utami, S. R., and Veldkamp, E.:
Spatial variability surpasses land-use change effects on soil biochemical
properties of converted lowland landscapes in Sumatra, Indonesia, Geoderma,
284, 42–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.010, 2016.
Anuar, A. R., Goh, K. J., Heoh, T. B., and Ahmed, O. H.: Spatial variability
of soil inorganic N in a mature oil palm plantation in Sabah, Malaysia, Am.
J. Appl. Sci., 5, 1239–1246, 2008.
Balasubramanian, R., Victor, T., and Begum, R.: Impact of biomass burning on
rainwater acidity and composition in Singapore, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo.,
104, 26881–26890, 1999.
Banabas, M., Turner, M. A., Scotter, D. R., and Nelson, P. N.: Losses of
nitrogen fertiliser under oil palm in Papua New Guinea: 1. Water balance, and
nitrogen in soil solution and runoff, Aust. J. Soil Res., 46, 332–339,
https://doi.org/10.1071/SR07171, 2008.
Bragazza, L., Freeman, C., Jones, T., Rydin, H., Limpens, J., Fenner, N.,
Ellis, T., Gerdol, R., Hájek, M., Hájek, T., Iacumin, P., Kutnar, L.,
Tahvanainen, T., and Toberman, H.: Atmospheric nitrogen deposition promotes
carbon loss from peat bogs, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 19386–19389,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0606629104, 2006.
Clough, Y., Krishna, V. V., Corre, M. D., Darras, K., Denmead, L. H.,
Meijide, A., Moser, S., Musshoff, O., Steinebach, S., Veldkamp, E., Allen,
K., Barnes, A., Breidenbach, N., Brose, U., Buchori, D., Daniel, R.,
Finkeldey, R., Harahap, I., Hertel, D., Holtkamp, A. M., Hörandl, E.,
Irawan, B., Jaya, I. N. S., Jochum, M., Klarner, B., Knohl, A., Kotowska, M.
M., Krashevska, V., Kreft, H., Kurniawan, S., Leuschner, C., Maraun, M.,
Melati, D. N., Opfermann, N., Pérez-Cruzado, C., Prabowo, W. E., Rembold,
K., Rizali, A., Rubiana, R., Schneider, D., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S. S., Tjoa, A.,
Tscharntke, T., and Scheu, S.: Land-use choices follow profitability at the
expense of ecological functions in Indonesian smallholder landscapes, Nat.
Commun., 7, 13137, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13137, 2016.
Comte, I., Colin, F., Grünberger, O., Follain, S., Whalen, J. K., and
Caliman, J. P.: Landscape-scale assessment of soil response to long-term
organic and mineral fertilizer application in an industrial oil palm
plantation, Indonesia, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 169, 58–68,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.02.010, 2013.
Corre, M. D., Dechert, G., and Veldkamp, E.: Soil nitrogen cycling following
montane forest conversion in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, Soil Sci. Soc. Am.
J., 70, 359–366, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0061, 2006.
Corre, M. D., Veldkamp, E., Arnold, J., and Wright, S. J.: Impact of elevated
N input on soil N cycling and losses in lowland and montane forests in
Panama, Ecology, 91, 1715–1729, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0274.1, 2010.
Crawley, M. J.: The R book, John Wiley and Sons Limited, Chichester, UK,
2009.
Davidson, E. A., de Carvalho, C. J. R., Figueira, A. M., Ishida, F. Y.,
Ometto, J. P. H. B., Nardoto, G. B., Saba, R. T., Hayashi, S. N., Leal, E.
C., Vieira, I. C. G., and Martinelli, L. A.: Recuperation of nitrogen cycling
in Amazonian forests following agricultural abandonment, Nature, 447,
995–998, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05900, 2007.
Dechert, G., Veldkamp, E., and Anas, I.: Is soil degradation unrelated to
deforestation? Examining soil parameters of land use systems in upland
Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, Plant Soil, 265, 197–209,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0885-8, 2004.
Dechert, G., Veldkamp, E., and Brumme, R.: Are partial nutrient balances
suitable to evaluate nutrient sustainability of landuse systems? Results from
a case study in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, Nutri. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 72,
201–212, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-005-1546-2, 2005.
DGEC (Directorate General of Estate Crops): Tree crop estate statistics of
Indonesia 2015–2017: Palm oil and rubber, Indonesian Ministry of
Agriculture, available at:
http://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/tinymcpuk/gambar/file/statistik/2017/Kelapa-Sawit-2015-2017.pdf
(last access: 31 January 2018), 2017.
Eklund, T. J., McDowell, W. H., and Pringle, C. M.: Seasonal variation of
tropical precipitation chemistry: La Selva, Costa Rica, Atmos. Environ., 31,
3903–3910, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00246-X, 1997.
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization): Global Forest Resources Assessment
2010, Rome, 2010.
FAO, IIASA, ISRIC, ISS-CAS, and JRC: Harmonized World Soil Database (version
1.2), FAO, Rome, Italy & IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria,
http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-survey/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/
(last access: 9 November 2017), 2012.
Fujii, K., Funakawa, S., Hayakawa, C., Sukartiningsih, and Kosaki, T.:
Quantification of proton budgets in soils of cropland and adjacent forest in
Thailand and Indonesia, Plant Soil, 316, 241–255,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9776-0, 2009.
Goh, K. J., Härdter, R., and Fairhurst, T.: Fertilizing for maximum
return, in: Oil Palm: Management for Large and Sustainable Yields, edited by:
Fairhurst, T. and Härdter, R., PPI/PPIC and IPI, Singapore, 279–306,
2003.
Hassler, E., Corre, M. D., Tjoa, A., Damris, M., Utami, S. R., and Veldkamp,
E.: Soil fertility controls soil-atmosphere carbon dioxide and methane fluxes
in a tropical landscape converted from lowland forest to rubber and oil palm
plantations, Biogeosciences, 12, 5831–5852,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5831-2015, 2015.
Hassler, E., Corre, M. D., Kurniawan, S., and Veldkamp, E.: Soil nitrogen
oxide fluxes from lowland forests converted to smallholder rubber and oil
palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia, Biogeosciences, 14, 2781–2798,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2781-2017, 2017.
Hedin, L. O., Vitousek, P. M., and Matson, P. A.: Nutrient losses over four
million years of tropical forest development, Ecology, 84, 2231–2255,
https://doi.org/10.1890/02-4066, 2003.
Hillel, D: Introduction to Soil Physics, 107–114, Academic Press,
California, USA, 1982.
Hoeft, I., Keuter, A., Quiñones, C. M., Schmidt-Walter, P., Veldkamp, E.,
and Corre, M. D.: Nitrogen retention efficiency and nitrogen losses of a
managed and phytodiverse temperate grassland, Basic Appl. Ecol., 15,
207–218, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2014.04.001, 2014.
Kaufmann, J. B., Cummings, D. L., Ward, D. E., and Babbitt, R.: Fire in the
Brazilian Amazon: 1. Biomass, nutrient pools, and losses in slashed primary
forests, Oecologia, 104, 397–408, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00341336, 1995.
Klinge, R., Martins, A. A. R., Mackensen, J., and Fölster, H.: Element
loss on rain forest conversion in East Amazonia: comparison of balances of
stores and fluxes, Biogeochemistry, 69, 63–82,
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOG.0000031040.38388.9b, 2004.
Kotowska, M. M., Leuschner, C., Triadiati, T., Meriem, S., and Hertel, D.:
Quantifying above- and belowground biomass carbon loss with forest conversion
in tropical lowlands of Sumatra (Indonesia), Glob. Change Biol., 21,
3620–3634, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12979, 2015.
Kurniawan, S.: Conversion of lowland forests to rubber and oil palm
plantations changes nutrient leaching and nutrient retention efficiency in
highly weathered soils of Sumatra, Indonesia, University of Goettingen,
Germany, Doctoral thesis, available at:
http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-8706-8 (last access: 25
May 2016), 2016.
Lehman, J. and Schroth, G.: Nutrient leaching, in: Trees, Crops and Soil
Fertility: Concepts and Research Methods, edited by: Schroth, G., and
Sinclair, F. L., CABI Publishing, Wallinford, UK, 151–166, 2002.
Luskin, M. S., Christina, E. D., Kelly, L. C., and Potts, M. D.: Modern
hunting practices and wild meat trade in the oil palm plantation-dominated
landscapes of Sumatra, Indonesia, Hum. Ecol., 42, 35–45,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-013-9606-8, 2013.
Mackensen, J., Hölscher, D., Klinge, R., and Fölster, H.: Nutrient
transfer to the atmosphere by burning of debris in Eastern Amazonia, For.
Ecol. Manage., 86, 121–128, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03790-5, 1996.
Margono, B. A., Turubanova, S., Zhuravleva, I., Potapov, P., Tyukavina, A.,
and Baccini, A.: Mapping and monitoring deforestation and forest degradation
in Sumatra (Indonesia) using Landsat time series data sets from 1990 to 2010,
Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034010, 2012.
Markewitz, D., Davidson, E., Figueiredo, R., Victoria, R., and Krusche, A.:
Control of cation concentrations in stream waters by surface soil processes
in an Amazonian watershed, Nature, 410, 802–805, https://doi.org/10.1038/35071052, 2001.
Mualem, Y.: New model for predicting hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated
porous-media, Water Resour. Res., 12, 513–522, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR012i003p00513,
1976.
Ngoze, S., Riha, S., Lehmann, J., Verchot, L., Kinyangi, J., Mbugua, D., and
Pell A.: Nutrient constraints to tropical agroecosystem productivity in
long-term degrading soils, Glob. Change Biol., 14, 2810–2822,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01698.x, 2008.
Niu, F., Röll, A., Hardanto, A., Meijide, A., Köhler, M.,
Hendrayanto, and Hölscher, D.: Oil palm water use: calibration of a sap
flux method and a field measurement scheme, Tree Physiol., 35, 563–573,
https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv013, 2015.
Ohta, S., Effendi, S., Tanaka, N., and Miura, S.: Ultisols of lowland
dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, III, Clay minerals, free
oxides, and exchangeable cations, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 39, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1993.10416969, 1993.
Omoti, U., Ataga, D. O., and Isenmila, A. E.: Leaching losses of nutrients in
oil palm plantations determined by tension lysimeters, Plant Soil, 73,
365–376, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02184313, 1983.
Ponette-González, A. G., Curran, L. M., Pittman, A. M., Carlson, K. M.,
Steele, B. G., Ratnasari, D., Mujiman, and Weathers, K. C.: Biomass burning
drives atmospheric nutrient redistribution within forested peatlands in
Borneo, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 085003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/8/085003,
2016.
Priesack, E.: Expert-N model library documentation, Institute of Soil
Ecology, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg,
Germany, 2005.
R Development Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical
computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, available
at: http://www.R-project.org (last access: 18 November 2016), 2013.
Rembold, K., Mangopo, H., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S. S., and Kreft, H.: Plant
diversity, forest dependency, and alien plant invasions in tropical
agricultural landscapes, Biodivers. Conserv., 213, 234–242,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.07.020, 2017.
Rist, L., Feintrenie, L., and Levang, P.: The livelihood impacts of oil palm:
smallholders in Indonesia, Biodivers. Conserv., 19, 1009–1024,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9815-z, 2010.
Sahner, J., Budi, S. W., Barus, H., Edy, N., Meyer, M., Corre, M. D., and
Polle, A.: Degradation of root community traits as indicator for
transformation of tropical lowland rain forests into oil palm and rubber
plantations, PLoS ONE, 10, e0138077, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138077, 2015.
Schlesinger, W. H. and Bernhardt, E.: Biogeochemistry – an analysis of
global change, 3 Edn., Academic Press, California, USA, 2013.
Schwendenmann, L. and Veldkamp, E.: The role of dissolved organic carbon,
dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in a tropical wet
forest ecosystem, Ecosystems, 8, 339–351, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0088-1,
2005.
Silver, W. L., Neff, J., McGroddy, M., Veldkamp, E., Keller, M., and Cosme,
R.: Effects of soil texture on belowground carbon and nutrient storage in a
lowland Amazonian forest ecosystem, Ecosystems, 3, 193–209,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s100210000019, 2000.
Sotta, E. D., Corre, M. D., and Veldkamp, E.: Differing N status and N
retention processes of soils under old-growth lowland forest in Eastern
Amazonia, Caxiuanã, Brazil, Soil Biol. Biochem., 40, 740–750,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.009, 2008.
Sundarambal, P., Balasubramanian, R., Tkalich, P., and He, J.: Impact of
biomass burning on ocean water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric
deposition: field observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11323–11336,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11323-2010, 2010.
Suryatmojo, H., Fujimoto, M., Yamakawa, Y., Kosugi, K., and Mizuyama, T.:
Water balance changes in the tropical rainforest with intensive forest
management system, Int. J. Sustain. Future Hum. Secur., 1, 56–62,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.039, 2013.
Tarigan, S. D., Sunarti, Wiegand, K., Dislich, C., Slamet, B., Heinonen, J.,
and Meyer, K.: Mitigation options for improving the ecosystem function of
water flow regulation in a watershed with rapid expansion of oil palm
plantations, Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology, 8, 4–13,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swaqe.2016.05.001, 2016.
Tung, P. G., Yusoff, M. K., Majid, N. M., Joo, G. K., and Huang, G. H.:
Effect of N and K fertilizers on nutrient leaching and groundwater quality
under mature oil palm in Sabah during the monsoon period, Am. J. Appl. Sci.,
6, 1788–1799, https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.1788.1799, 2009.
Van Breemen, N., Mulder, J., and Driscoll, C. T.: Acidification and
alkalinization of soils, Plant Soil, 75, 283–308, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02369968,
1983.
Van Genuchten, M. T.: A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic
conductivity of unsaturated soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44, 892–898,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x, 1980.
van Straaten, O., Corre, M. D., Wolf, K., Tchienkoua, M., Cuellar, E.,
Matthews, R. B., and Veldkamp, E.: Conversion of lowland tropical forests to
tree cash-crop plantations loses up to half of stored soil organic carbon, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 9956–9960, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504628112, 2015.
Short summary
Our study generates information to aid policies and improve soil management practices for minimizing the negative impacts of forest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations while maintaining production. Compared to forests, the fertilized areas of oil palm plantations had higher leaching of N, organic C, and base cations, whereas the unfertilized rubber plantations showed lower leaching of dissolved P and organic C. These signaled a decrease in extant soil fertility and groundwater quality.
Our study generates information to aid policies and improve soil management practices for...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint