Finnish Environment Institute, Freshwater Centre, Survontie 9A, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Anne Ojala
Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Timo Vesala
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Timo Huttula
Finnish Environment Institute, Freshwater Centre, Survontie 9A, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Many boreal lakes emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. We incorporated four different gas exchange models into a physico-biochemical lake model and studied their ability to simulate lake air–water CO2 fluxes. The inclusion of refined gas exchange models in lake models that simulate carbon cycling is important to assess lake carbon budgets. However, higher estimates for inorganic carbon sources in boreal lakes are needed to balance the CO2 losses to the atmosphere.
Many boreal lakes emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. We...
