Articles | Volume 17, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2219-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2219-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Apr 2020
Research article |
| 22 Apr 2020
| 22 Apr 2020
Variable C∕P composition of organic production and its effect on ocean carbon storage in glacial-like model simulations
Department of Meteorology, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Jonas Nycander
Department of Meteorology, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Andy Ridgwell
Department of Earth Sciences, University of California–Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
School of Geographical Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
Kevin I. C. Oliver
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
Carlye D. Peterson
Department of Earth Sciences, University of California–Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
Johan Nilsson
Department of Meteorology, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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The Arctic and Pacific oceans are connected by the presently ~53 m deep Bering Strait. During the last glacial period when the sea level was lower than today, the Bering Strait was exposed. Humans and animals could then migrate between Asia and North America across the formed land bridge. From analyses of sediment cores and geophysical mapping data from Herald Canyon north of the Bering Strait, we show that the land bridge was flooded about 11 000 years ago.
Johan Nilsson, Martin Jakobsson, Chris Borstad, Nina Kirchner, Göran Björk, Raymond T. Pierrehumbert, and Christian Stranne
The Cryosphere, 11, 1745–1765, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1745-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1745-2017, 2017
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Recent data suggest that a 1 km thick ice shelf extended over the glacial Arctic Ocean during MIS 6, about 140 000 years ago. Here, we theoretically analyse the development and equilibrium features of such an ice shelf. The ice shelf was effectively dammed by the Fram Strait and the mean ice-shelf thickness was controlled primarily by the horizontally integrated mass balance. Our results can aid in resolving some outstanding questions of the state of the glacial Arctic Ocean.
Rosanna Greenop, Mathis P. Hain, Sindia M. Sosdian, Kevin I. C. Oliver, Philip Goodwin, Thomas B. Chalk, Caroline H. Lear, Paul A. Wilson, and Gavin L. Foster
Clim. Past, 13, 149–170, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-149-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-149-2017, 2017
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Understanding the boron isotopic composition of seawater (δ11Bsw) is key to calculating absolute estimates of CO2 using the boron isotope pH proxy. Here we use the boron isotope gradient, along with an estimate of pH gradient, between the surface and deep ocean to show that the δ11Bsw varies by ~ 2 ‰ over the past 23 million years. This new record has implications for both δ11Bsw and CO2 records and understanding changes in the ocean isotope composition of a number of ions through time.
Giang T. Tran, Kevin I. C. Oliver, András Sóbester, David J. J. Toal, Philip B. Holden, Robert Marsh, Peter Challenor, and Neil R. Edwards
Adv. Stat. Clim. Meteorol. Oceanogr., 2, 17–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/ascmo-2-17-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/ascmo-2-17-2016, 2016
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In this work, we combine the information from a complex and a simple atmospheric model to efficiently build a statistical representation (an emulator) of the complex model and to study the relationship between them. Thanks to the improved efficiency, this process is now feasible for complex models, which are slow and costly to run. The constructed emulator provide approximations of the model output, allowing various analyses to be made without the need to run the complex model again.
J. D. Wilson, A. Ridgwell, and S. Barker
Biogeosciences, 12, 5547–5562, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5547-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5547-2015, 2015
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We explore whether ocean model transport rates, in the form of a transport matrix, can be used to estimate remineralisation rates from dissolved nutrient concentrations and infer vertical fluxes of particulate organic carbon. Estimated remineralisation rates are significantly sensitive to uncertainty in the observations and the modelled circulation. The remineralisation of dissolved organic matter is an additional source of uncertainty when inferring vertical fluxes from remineralisation rates.
N. S. Jones, A. Ridgwell, and E. J. Hendy
Biogeosciences, 12, 1339–1356, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1339-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1339-2015, 2015
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Production of calcium carbonate by coral reefs is important in the global carbon cycle. Using a global framework we evaluate four models of reef calcification against observed values. The temperature-only model showed significant skill in reproducing coral calcification rates. The absence of any predictive power for whole reef systems highlights the importance of coral cover and the need for an ecosystem modelling approach accounting for population dynamics in terms of mortality and recruitment.
A. Stigebrandt, R. Rosenberg, L. Råman Vinnå, and M. Ödalen
Ocean Sci., 11, 93–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-93-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-93-2015, 2015
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The hydrographical and ecological changes in the deep part of the Bornholm Basin in response to pumping well-oxygenated so-called winter water down to the greatest depth are investigated. By pumping 1000 m3s-1, the rates of water exchange and oxygen supply increase by 2.5 and 3 times, respectively. Anoxic bottoms should no longer occur and hypoxic events will become rare. This should mean much improved conditions for successful cod reproduction, extensive colonization of fauna on earlier periodi
M. Löfverström, R. Caballero, J. Nilsson, and J. Kleman
Clim. Past, 10, 1453–1471, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1453-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1453-2014, 2014
R. Death, J. L. Wadham, F. Monteiro, A. M. Le Brocq, M. Tranter, A. Ridgwell, S. Dutkiewicz, and R. Raiswell
Biogeosciences, 11, 2635–2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2635-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2635-2014, 2014
R. Marsh, A. Sóbester, E. E. Hart, K. I. C. Oliver, N. R. Edwards, and S. J. Cox
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1729–1744, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1729-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1729-2013, 2013
G. Colbourn, A. Ridgwell, and T. M. Lenton
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1543–1573, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1543-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1543-2013, 2013
M. Eby, A. J. Weaver, K. Alexander, K. Zickfeld, A. Abe-Ouchi, A. A. Cimatoribus, E. Crespin, S. S. Drijfhout, N. R. Edwards, A. V. Eliseev, G. Feulner, T. Fichefet, C. E. Forest, H. Goosse, P. B. Holden, F. Joos, M. Kawamiya, D. Kicklighter, H. Kienert, K. Matsumoto, I. I. Mokhov, E. Monier, S. M. Olsen, J. O. P. Pedersen, M. Perrette, G. Philippon-Berthier, A. Ridgwell, A. Schlosser, T. Schneider von Deimling, G. Shaffer, R. S. Smith, R. Spahni, A. P. Sokolov, M. Steinacher, K. Tachiiri, K. Tokos, M. Yoshimori, N. Zeng, and F. Zhao
Clim. Past, 9, 1111–1140, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1111-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1111-2013, 2013
M. Berger, J. Brandefelt, and J. Nilsson
Clim. Past, 9, 969–982, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-969-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-969-2013, 2013
P. B. Holden, N. R. Edwards, S. A. Müller, K. I. C. Oliver, R. M. Death, and A. Ridgwell
Biogeosciences, 10, 1815–1833, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1815-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1815-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Earth System Science/Response to Global Change: Models, Geological History
Improving global paleogeography since the late Paleozoic using paleobiology
A model of the methane cycle, permafrost, and hydrology of the Siberian continental margin
A framework for benchmarking land models
Evolution of ancient Lake Ohrid: a tectonic perspective
Wenchao Cao, Sabin Zahirovic, Nicolas Flament, Simon Williams, Jan Golonka, and R. Dietmar Müller
Biogeosciences, 14, 5425–5439, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5425-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5425-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present a workflow to link paleogeographic maps to alternative plate tectonic models, alleviating the problem that published global paleogeographic maps are generally presented as static maps and tied to a particular plate model. We further develop an approach to improve paleogeography using paleobiology. The resulting paleogeographies are consistent with proxies of eustatic sea level change since ~400 Myr ago. We make the digital global paleogeographic maps available as an open resource.
D. Archer
Biogeosciences, 12, 2953–2974, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2953-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2953-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Methane hydrate may be stable at the base of the permafrost zone in sediments of the Siberian continental margin, but the sediments' depth below the sea floor precludes a fast response time (order 1-10 years) that would be required for the released methane to have a significant impact on the near-term evolution of Earth's climate. However, the Arctic could amplify anthropogenic climate change by releasing carbon on timescales of centuries or millennia.
Y. Q. Luo, J. T. Randerson, G. Abramowitz, C. Bacour, E. Blyth, N. Carvalhais, P. Ciais, D. Dalmonech, J. B. Fisher, R. Fisher, P. Friedlingstein, K. Hibbard, F. Hoffman, D. Huntzinger, C. D. Jones, C. Koven, D. Lawrence, D. J. Li, M. Mahecha, S. L. Niu, R. Norby, S. L. Piao, X. Qi, P. Peylin, I. C. Prentice, W. Riley, M. Reichstein, C. Schwalm, Y. P. Wang, J. Y. Xia, S. Zaehle, and X. H. Zhou
Biogeosciences, 9, 3857–3874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3857-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3857-2012, 2012
N. Hoffmann, K. Reicherter, T. Fernández-Steeger, and C. Grützner
Biogeosciences, 7, 3377–3386, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3377-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3377-2010, 2010
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Short summary
In glacial periods, ocean uptake of carbon is likely a key player for achieving low atmospheric CO2. In climate models, ocean biological uptake of carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) are often assumed to occur in fixed proportions.
In this study, we allow the ratio of C : P to vary and simulate, to first approximation, the complex biological changes that occur in the ocean over long timescales. We show here that, for glacial–interglacial cycles, this complexity contributes to low atmospheric CO2.
In glacial periods, ocean uptake of carbon is likely a key player for achieving low atmospheric...
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