Articles | Volume 17, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2441-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2441-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 May 2020
Research article |
| 06 May 2020
| 06 May 2020
Phytoplankton growth and consumption by microzooplankton stimulated by turbulent nitrate flux suggest rapid trophic transfer in the oligotrophic Kuroshio
Toru Kobari
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Taiga Honma
Aquatic Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Daisuke Hasegawa
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 3-27-5 Shinhama-cho, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001, Japan
Naoki Yoshie
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
Eisuke Tsutsumi
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo,
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Takeshi Matsuno
Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University,
6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
Takeyoshi Nagai
Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and
Technology,
4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
Takeru Kanayama
Aquatic Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Fukutaro Karu
Aquatic Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Koji Suzuki
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University,
North 10 West 5 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
Takahiro Tanaka
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 3-27-5 Shinhama-cho, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001, Japan
Xinyu Guo
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
Gen Kume
Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Ayako Nishina
Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Hirohiko Nakamura
Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
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Cited
35 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Internal Hydraulic Transition and Turbulent Mixing Observed in the Kuroshio over the I-Lan Ridge off Northeastern Taiwan M. Chang et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-21-0245.1
- Occurrence of Surface Phytoplankton Bloom as the Kuroshio Current Passes an Island J. Gao et al. 10.1029/2021JC018242
- Community structure of fish larvae associated with advections of the Kuroshio and its neighboring waters T. Kobari et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103386
- Estimate of turbulent energy dissipation rate using free-fall and CTD-attached fast-response thermistors in weak ocean turbulence I. Yasuda et al. 10.1007/s10872-020-00574-2
- Phytoplankton and Bacterial Responses to Monsoon-Driven Water Masses Mixing in the Kuroshio Off the East Coast of Taiwan C. Lai et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.707807
- Elevated Nutrient Supply Caused by the Approaching Kuroshio to the Southern Coast of Japan G. Durán Gómez & T. Nagai 10.3389/fmars.2022.842155
- Seafloor Pressure Change Excited at the Northwest Corner of the Shikoku Basin by the Formation of the Kuroshio Large-Meander in September 2017 A. Nagano et al. 10.3389/feart.2020.583481
- Half-Century of Scientific Advancements Since the Cooperative Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions (CSK) Programme - Need for a new Kuroshio Research K. Ando et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102513
- Long-term comparison between the Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus stock level and simulated zooplankton density around the Kuroshio region H. Nishikawa et al. 10.3354/meps14622
- Plankton Community Respiration and Particulate Organic Carbon in the Kuroshio East of Taiwan C. Chen et al. 10.3390/plants11212909
- Submesoscale Eddy induced nitrate upwelling and effect on biological production in the upstream Kuroshio Current G. Duran Gomez & T. Nagai 10.1038/s41598-025-05269-6
- Decadal vision in oceanography 2021: Deep ocean A. Oka et al. 10.5928/kaiyou.30.5_179
- How a Small Reef in the Kuroshio Cultivates the Ocean D. Hasegawa et al. 10.1029/2020GL092063
- Grazing mortality as a controlling factor in the uncultured non-cyanobacterial diazotroph (Gamma A) around the Kuroshio region T. Sato et al. 10.5194/bg-22-625-2025
- Evidence of Deep DOC Enrichment via Particle Export Beneath Subarctic and Northern Subtropical Fronts in the North Pacific C. Lopez & D. Hansell 10.3389/fmars.2021.659034
- Latitudinal pronounced variations in tintinnid (Ciliophora) community at surface waters from the South China Sea to the Yellow Sea: Oceanic-to-neritic species shift, biotic-abiotic interaction and future prediction C. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169354
- Elevated turbulent and double-diffusive nutrient flux in the Kuroshio over the Izu Ridge and in the Kuroshio Extension T. Nagai et al. 10.1007/s10872-020-00582-2
- Trophic sources and linkages to support mesozooplankton community in the Kuroshio of the East China Sea F. Karu et al. 10.1111/fog.12488
- Metabarcoding analysis of trophic sources and linkages in the plankton community of the Kuroshio and neighboring waters T. Kobari et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-02083-8
- Revisiting the distribution and total amount of nitrogen fixation across the Kuroshio T. Sato et al. 10.1002/lol2.70013
- Trophic sources and pathways of mesozooplankton and fish larvae in the Kuroshio and its neighboring waters based on stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen T. Kobari et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102952
- Potential carbon sources and sinks in frontal zones dominated respectively by mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the Luzon Strait S. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.dsr.2025.104461
- The Kuroshio flowing over seamounts and associated submesoscale flows drive 100-km-wide 100-1000-fold enhancement of turbulence T. Nagai et al. 10.1038/s43247-021-00230-7
- Vertical Nitrate Flux Induced by Kelvin–Helmholtz Billows Over a Seamount in the Kuroshio C. Acabado et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.680729
- Topographically driven vigorous vertical mixing supports mesoscale biological production in the Tsugaru Gyre H. Kaneko et al. 10.1038/s41467-025-56917-4
- Phytoplankton Community Patterns in the Northeastern South China Sea: Implications of Intensified Kuroshio Intrusion During the 2015/16 El Niño X. Ding et al. 10.1029/2021JC017998
- Reducing the water residence time is inadequate to limit the algal proliferation in eutrophic lakes Y. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117177
- Community structure of whole pelagic copepods along the Kuroshio: Increase in the abundance and size in the north frontal area of the Kuroshio axis near the Japanese archipelago H. Miyamoto et al. 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104346
- Vertical fluxes of nutrients enhanced by strong turbulence and phytoplankton bloom around the ocean ridge in the Luzon Strait E. Tsutsumi et al. 10.1038/s41598-020-74938-5
- DNA metabarcoding reveals vertical variation and hidden diversity of Alveolata and Rhizaria communities in the western North Pacific S. Sogawa et al. 10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103765
- Vertical turbulent nutrient transport in the western north Pacific and its marginal seas T. Tanaka 10.5928/kaiyou.32.1_1
- Temporal changes in the microplankton community due to Kuroshio branch current inflow T. Komorita et al. 10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103576
- Effects of the Coastal Uplift on the Kuroshio Ecosystem, Eastern Taiwan, the Western Boundary Current of the North Pacific Ocean C. Chen et al. 10.3389/fmars.2022.796187
- Comparison of the trophic sources and pathways of mesozooplankton and ichthyoplankton in the Kuroshio current and its neighboring waters T. Kobari et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103356
- Enhanced vertical turbulent nitrate flux in the intermediate layer of the Kuroshio in the Tokara Strait T. Tanaka et al. 10.1007/s10872-020-00581-3
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Internal Hydraulic Transition and Turbulent Mixing Observed in the Kuroshio over the I-Lan Ridge off Northeastern Taiwan M. Chang et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-21-0245.1
- Occurrence of Surface Phytoplankton Bloom as the Kuroshio Current Passes an Island J. Gao et al. 10.1029/2021JC018242
- Community structure of fish larvae associated with advections of the Kuroshio and its neighboring waters T. Kobari et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103386
- Estimate of turbulent energy dissipation rate using free-fall and CTD-attached fast-response thermistors in weak ocean turbulence I. Yasuda et al. 10.1007/s10872-020-00574-2
- Phytoplankton and Bacterial Responses to Monsoon-Driven Water Masses Mixing in the Kuroshio Off the East Coast of Taiwan C. Lai et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.707807
- Elevated Nutrient Supply Caused by the Approaching Kuroshio to the Southern Coast of Japan G. Durán Gómez & T. Nagai 10.3389/fmars.2022.842155
- Seafloor Pressure Change Excited at the Northwest Corner of the Shikoku Basin by the Formation of the Kuroshio Large-Meander in September 2017 A. Nagano et al. 10.3389/feart.2020.583481
- Half-Century of Scientific Advancements Since the Cooperative Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions (CSK) Programme - Need for a new Kuroshio Research K. Ando et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102513
- Long-term comparison between the Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus stock level and simulated zooplankton density around the Kuroshio region H. Nishikawa et al. 10.3354/meps14622
- Plankton Community Respiration and Particulate Organic Carbon in the Kuroshio East of Taiwan C. Chen et al. 10.3390/plants11212909
- Submesoscale Eddy induced nitrate upwelling and effect on biological production in the upstream Kuroshio Current G. Duran Gomez & T. Nagai 10.1038/s41598-025-05269-6
- Decadal vision in oceanography 2021: Deep ocean A. Oka et al. 10.5928/kaiyou.30.5_179
- How a Small Reef in the Kuroshio Cultivates the Ocean D. Hasegawa et al. 10.1029/2020GL092063
- Grazing mortality as a controlling factor in the uncultured non-cyanobacterial diazotroph (Gamma A) around the Kuroshio region T. Sato et al. 10.5194/bg-22-625-2025
- Evidence of Deep DOC Enrichment via Particle Export Beneath Subarctic and Northern Subtropical Fronts in the North Pacific C. Lopez & D. Hansell 10.3389/fmars.2021.659034
- Latitudinal pronounced variations in tintinnid (Ciliophora) community at surface waters from the South China Sea to the Yellow Sea: Oceanic-to-neritic species shift, biotic-abiotic interaction and future prediction C. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169354
- Elevated turbulent and double-diffusive nutrient flux in the Kuroshio over the Izu Ridge and in the Kuroshio Extension T. Nagai et al. 10.1007/s10872-020-00582-2
- Trophic sources and linkages to support mesozooplankton community in the Kuroshio of the East China Sea F. Karu et al. 10.1111/fog.12488
- Metabarcoding analysis of trophic sources and linkages in the plankton community of the Kuroshio and neighboring waters T. Kobari et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-02083-8
- Revisiting the distribution and total amount of nitrogen fixation across the Kuroshio T. Sato et al. 10.1002/lol2.70013
- Trophic sources and pathways of mesozooplankton and fish larvae in the Kuroshio and its neighboring waters based on stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen T. Kobari et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102952
- Potential carbon sources and sinks in frontal zones dominated respectively by mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the Luzon Strait S. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.dsr.2025.104461
- The Kuroshio flowing over seamounts and associated submesoscale flows drive 100-km-wide 100-1000-fold enhancement of turbulence T. Nagai et al. 10.1038/s43247-021-00230-7
- Vertical Nitrate Flux Induced by Kelvin–Helmholtz Billows Over a Seamount in the Kuroshio C. Acabado et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.680729
- Topographically driven vigorous vertical mixing supports mesoscale biological production in the Tsugaru Gyre H. Kaneko et al. 10.1038/s41467-025-56917-4
- Phytoplankton Community Patterns in the Northeastern South China Sea: Implications of Intensified Kuroshio Intrusion During the 2015/16 El Niño X. Ding et al. 10.1029/2021JC017998
- Reducing the water residence time is inadequate to limit the algal proliferation in eutrophic lakes Y. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117177
- Community structure of whole pelagic copepods along the Kuroshio: Increase in the abundance and size in the north frontal area of the Kuroshio axis near the Japanese archipelago H. Miyamoto et al. 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104346
- Vertical fluxes of nutrients enhanced by strong turbulence and phytoplankton bloom around the ocean ridge in the Luzon Strait E. Tsutsumi et al. 10.1038/s41598-020-74938-5
- DNA metabarcoding reveals vertical variation and hidden diversity of Alveolata and Rhizaria communities in the western North Pacific S. Sogawa et al. 10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103765
- Vertical turbulent nutrient transport in the western north Pacific and its marginal seas T. Tanaka 10.5928/kaiyou.32.1_1
- Temporal changes in the microplankton community due to Kuroshio branch current inflow T. Komorita et al. 10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103576
- Effects of the Coastal Uplift on the Kuroshio Ecosystem, Eastern Taiwan, the Western Boundary Current of the North Pacific Ocean C. Chen et al. 10.3389/fmars.2022.796187
- Comparison of the trophic sources and pathways of mesozooplankton and ichthyoplankton in the Kuroshio current and its neighboring waters T. Kobari et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103356
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 26 Jul 2025
Short summary
We report on biological productivity under turbulent nitrate flux amplified with the Kuroshio. Oceanographic observations exhibit that the Kuroshio topographically enhances significant turbulent mixing and nitrate influx to the euphotic zone. Onboard experiments show phytoplankton and microzooplankton growths enhanced with the nitrate flux and a significant microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton. These rapid and systematic trophodynamics enhance biological productivity in the Kuroshio.
We report on biological productivity under turbulent nitrate flux amplified with the Kuroshio....
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