Articles | Volume 17, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2441-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2441-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 May 2020
Research article |
| 06 May 2020
| 06 May 2020
Phytoplankton growth and consumption by microzooplankton stimulated by turbulent nitrate flux suggest rapid trophic transfer in the oligotrophic Kuroshio
Toru Kobari
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Taiga Honma
Aquatic Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Daisuke Hasegawa
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 3-27-5 Shinhama-cho, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001, Japan
Naoki Yoshie
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
Eisuke Tsutsumi
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo,
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Takeshi Matsuno
Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University,
6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
Takeyoshi Nagai
Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and
Technology,
4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
Takeru Kanayama
Aquatic Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Fukutaro Karu
Aquatic Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Koji Suzuki
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University,
North 10 West 5 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
Takahiro Tanaka
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 3-27-5 Shinhama-cho, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001, Japan
Xinyu Guo
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
Gen Kume
Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Ayako Nishina
Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Hirohiko Nakamura
Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Related authors
K.-K. Liu, C.-K. Kang, T. Kobari, H. Liu, C. Rabouille, and K. Fennel
Biogeosciences, 11, 7061–7075, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7061-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7061-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides background info on the East China Sea, Japan/East Sea and South China Sea and highlights major findings in the special issue on their biogeochemical conditions and ecosystem functions. The three seas are subject to strong impacts from human activities and/or climate forcing. Because these continental margins sustain arguably some of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world, changes in these stressed ecosystems may threaten the livelihood of a large human population.
Huailin Deng, Koji Suzuki, Ichiro Yasuda, Hiroshi Ogawa, and Jun Nishioka
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3064, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3064, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Iron (Fe) and nitrate are vital for primary production in the North Pacific. Sedimentary Fe is carried by North Pacific Intermediate Water to the north Pacific, but the nutrient return path and its effect on phytoplankton are unclear. By combining Fe and macronutrient fluxes with phytoplankton composition, this study firstly revealed that Fe supply from subsurface greatly controls diatom abundance and identified the nutrient return path in the subarctic gyre and Kuroshio-Oyashio Transition Area.
Menghong Dong, Xinyu Guo, Takuya Matsuura, Taichi Tebakari, and Jing Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2581, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2581, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), a common coastal hydrological process that involves submarine inflow of groundwater into the sea, is associated with a large nutrient load. To clarify the distribution of SGD-derived nutrients after release at the bottom of the sea and their contribution to phytoplankton growth in the marine ecosystem, we modeled the SGD process in Toyama Bay using a specialized computer code that can distinguish SGD-derived nutrients from nutrients from other sources.
Menghong Dong and Xinyu Guo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1667, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1667, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We employed a gradient-based algorithm to identify the position and intensity of the fronts in a coastal sea using sea surface temperature data, thereby quantifying their variations. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of these fronts, elucidating their seasonal variability, intra-tidal dynamics, and the influence of winds on the fronts. By capturing the temporal and spatial dynamics of these fronts, it enhances our understanding of the complex oceanographic processes within this region.
Qian Leng, Xinyu Guo, Junying Zhu, and Akihiko Morimoto
Biogeosciences, 20, 4323–4338, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using a numerical model, we revealed that a large proportion of nutrients in a semi-enclosed sea (Seto Inland Sea, Japan) comes from the Pacific Ocean and supports about half of the phytoplankton growth in the sea. Such results imply that the human-made management of nutrient load from land needs to consider the presence of oceanic nutrients, which act as a background concentration and are not controlled by human activities.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Lei Lin, Hao Liu, Xiaomeng Huang, Qingjun Fu, and Xinyu Guo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5207–5225, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earth system (climate) model is an important instrument for projecting the global water cycle and climate change, in which tides are commonly excluded due to the much small timescales compared to the climate. However, we found that tides significantly impact the river water transport pathways, transport timescales, and concentrations in shelf seas. Thus, the tidal effect should be carefully considered in earth system models to accurately project the global water and biogeochemical cycle.
Junying Zhu, Jie Shi, and Xinyu Guo
Ocean Sci., 18, 659–673, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A bottom cold water mass (BCWM) is a widespread physical oceanographic phenomenon among coastal seas. Observations reveal a prominent interannual variation in a BCWM in the Seto Inland Sea during 1994–2015. We found that air–sea heat flux change during the warming season plays an important role in its interannual variation. Comparison with other BCWMs indicates that the size is a key factor for their difference. The findings help understand the response of BCWMs to sea surface forcing change.
Chiho Sukigara, Ryuichiro Inoue, Kanako Sato, Yoshihisa Mino, Takeyoshi Nagai, Andrea J. Fassbender, Yuichiro Takeshita, Stuart Bishop, and Eitarou Oka
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-9, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-9, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the physical changes in the ocean from winter to spring and the corresponding biological activities, two automated floats were used to conduct observations in the western North Pacific from January to April 2018. During the observation, repeated storms passed and mixed the ocean surface layer. Afterwards, active biological activity was observed. Using data from the float, we observed the formation, decomposition, and settling of particulate organic matter.
Ryuichiro Inoue, Chiho Sukigara, Stuart Bishop, Eitarou Oka, and Takeyoshi Nagai
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2021-38, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2021-38, 2021
Publication in OS not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how surface mixed layer (vertically homogeneous layer at the sea surface due to winter cooling) develops stratification between late winter and early spring. We used autonomous observing platforms to take time series data under sever weather conditions and found that lateral transports of lighter water were more important than surface heating during the observation period. We also found that the lateral process was also promote biological activities near the sea surface.
Chiho Sukigara, Ryuichiro Inoue, Kanako Sato, Yoshihisa Mino, Takeyoshi Nagai, Andrea J. Fassbender, Yuichiro Takeshita, and Eitarou Oka
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-116, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We combined ship-borne water sampling with the use of two Argo floats equipped with biogeochemical sensors to determine the changes in primary productivity associated with the passage of storms and resultant disturbance in the subtropical western North Pacific. We found that the episodic influx of carbon to the surface facilitated by storms played a key role in promoting primary production. Particulate carbon transported to the twilight layer were not the major substrate for the respiration.
Stanford B. Hooker, Atsushi Matsuoka, Raphael M. Kudela, Youhei Yamashita, Koji Suzuki, and Henry F. Houskeeper
Biogeosciences, 17, 475–497, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-475-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-475-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A Kd(λ) and aCDOM(440) data set spanned oceanic, coastal, and inland waters. The algorithmic approach, based on Kd end-member pairs, can be used globally. End-members with the largest spectral span had an accuracy of 1.2–2.4 % (RMSE). Validation was influenced by subjective
nonconservativewater masses. The influence of subcategories was confirmed with an objective cluster analysis.
Chao Zhang, Huiwang Gao, Xiaohong Yao, Zongbo Shi, Jinhui Shi, Yang Yu, Ling Meng, and Xinyu Guo
Biogeosciences, 15, 749–765, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-749-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-749-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares the response of phytoplankton growth in the northwest Pacific to those in the Yellow Sea. In general, larger positive responses of phytoplankton induced by combined nutrients (in the subtropical gyre of the northwest Pacific) than those induced by a single nutrient (in the Kuroshio Extension and the Yellow Sea) from the dust are observed. We also emphasize the importance of an increase in bioavailable P stock for phytoplankton growth following dust addition.
Takafumi Hirata and Koji Suzuki
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-164, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-164, 2017
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This work delivers a regional estimates of primary production due to diatoms, haptophytes and cyanobacteria around the Kuroshio current. Using a novel methodology, photosynthetic efficiency and abundance of marine phytoplankton are now viewed from a satellite in space. Our see that variability in primary production by diatoms is mainly regulated by their abundance rather than their efficiency, whereas the variability by cyanobacteria is more regulated by their efficiency than their abundance.
A. Fujiwara, T. Hirawake, K. Suzuki, L. Eisner, I. Imai, S. Nishino, T. Kikuchi, and S.-I. Saitoh
Biogeosciences, 13, 115–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-115-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-115-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the general relationship between the timing of sea ice retreat and phytoplankton size structure during the marginal ice zone bloom period in the Chukchi and Bering shelves using a satellite remote sensing approach. We also found that not only the length of the ice-free season but also the annual phytoplankton size composition positively correlated with annual net primary production.
H. Endo, K. Sugie, T. Yoshimura, and K. Suzuki
Biogeosciences, 12, 2247–2259, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2247-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2247-2015, 2015
K.-K. Liu, C.-K. Kang, T. Kobari, H. Liu, C. Rabouille, and K. Fennel
Biogeosciences, 11, 7061–7075, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7061-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7061-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides background info on the East China Sea, Japan/East Sea and South China Sea and highlights major findings in the special issue on their biogeochemical conditions and ecosystem functions. The three seas are subject to strong impacts from human activities and/or climate forcing. Because these continental margins sustain arguably some of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world, changes in these stressed ecosystems may threaten the livelihood of a large human population.
K. Suzuki, A. Hattori-Saito, Y. Sekiguchi, J. Nishioka, M. Shigemitsu, T. Isada, H. Liu, and R. M. L. McKay
Biogeosciences, 11, 2503–2517, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2503-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2503-2014, 2014
A. Fujiwara, T. Hirawake, K. Suzuki, I. Imai, and S.-I. Saitoh
Biogeosciences, 11, 1705–1716, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1705-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1705-2014, 2014
Y. Yamashita, Y. Nosaka, K. Suzuki, H. Ogawa, K. Takahashi, and H. Saito
Biogeosciences, 10, 7207–7217, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7207-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7207-2013, 2013
X. Y. Guo, X.-H. Zhu, Y. Long, and D. J. Huang
Biogeosciences, 10, 6403–6417, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6403-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6403-2013, 2013
K. Sugie, H. Endo, K. Suzuki, J. Nishioka, H. Kiyosawa, and T. Yoshimura
Biogeosciences, 10, 6309–6321, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6309-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6309-2013, 2013
N. Yasuki, K. Suzuki, and A. Tsuda
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-6605-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-6605-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
J. Peloquin, C. Swan, N. Gruber, M. Vogt, H. Claustre, J. Ras, J. Uitz, R. Barlow, M. Behrenfeld, R. Bidigare, H. Dierssen, G. Ditullio, E. Fernandez, C. Gallienne, S. Gibb, R. Goericke, L. Harding, E. Head, P. Holligan, S. Hooker, D. Karl, M. Landry, R. Letelier, C. A. Llewellyn, M. Lomas, M. Lucas, A. Mannino, J.-C. Marty, B. G. Mitchell, F. Muller-Karger, N. Nelson, C. O'Brien, B. Prezelin, D. Repeta, W. O. Jr. Smith, D. Smythe-Wright, R. Stumpf, A. Subramaniam, K. Suzuki, C. Trees, M. Vernet, N. Wasmund, and S. Wright
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 109–123, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-109-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-109-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeophysics: Turbulence & Biota
Validation of Thorpe-scale-derived vertical diffusivities against microstructure measurements in the Kerguelen region
Deep CO2 soil inhalation / exhalation induced by synoptic pressure changes and atmospheric tides in a carbonated semiarid steppe
Carbon dioxide fluxes over an ancient broadleaved deciduous woodland in southern England
Surface layer similarity in the nocturnal boundary layer: the application of Hilbert-Huang transform
Y.-H. Park, J.-H. Lee, I. Durand, and C.-S. Hong
Biogeosciences, 11, 6927–6937, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6927-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6927-2014, 2014
E. P. Sánchez-Cañete, A. S. Kowalski, P. Serrano-Ortiz, O. Pérez-Priego, and F. Domingo
Biogeosciences, 10, 6591–6600, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6591-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6591-2013, 2013
M. V. Thomas, Y. Malhi, K. M. Fenn, J. B. Fisher, M. D. Morecroft, C. R. Lloyd, M. E. Taylor, and D. D. McNeil
Biogeosciences, 8, 1595–1613, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1595-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1595-2011, 2011
J. Hong, J. Kim, H. Ishikawa, and Y. Ma
Biogeosciences, 7, 1271–1278, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1271-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1271-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Bower, J. R., Nakamura, Y., Mori, K., Yamamoto, J., Isoda, Y., and Sakurai, Y.:
Distribution of Todarodes pacificus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) paralarvae near the Kuroshio
off southern Kyushu, Japan, Mar. Biol., 135, 99–106, 1999.
Calbet, A. and Landry, M. R.: Mesozooplankton influences on the microbial food
web: Direct and indirect trophic interactions in the oligotrophic
open-ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 1370–1380, 1999.
Calbet, A. and Landry, M. R.: Nunnery S. Bacteria-flagellate interactions in
the microbial food web of the oligotrophic subtropical North Pacific, Aquat.
Microb. Ecol., 23, 283–292, 2001.
Calbet, A. and Landry, M. R.: Phytoplankton growth, microzooplankton grazing,
and carbon cycling in marine systems, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 51–57, 2004.
Calbet, A. and Saiz, E.: The ciliate-copepod link in marine ecosystems, Aquat.
Microb. Ecol., 38, 157–167, 2005.
Chen, C. C., Shiah, F. K., Gong, G. C., and Chiang, K. P.: Planktonic community
respiration in the East China Sea: importance of microbial consumption of
organic carbon, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 50, 1311–1325, 2003.
Cyr, F., Bourgault, D., and Galbraith, P. S.: Gosselin M. Turbulent nitrate
fluxes in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 120,
2308–2330, 2015.
Du, C., Liu, Z., Kao, S.-J., and Dai, M.: Diapycnal fluxes of nutrients in an
oligotrophic oceanic regime: the South China Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44,
11510–11518, 2017.
Endo, H. and Suzuki, K.: Spatial variations in community structure of
haptophytes across the Kuroshio front in the Tokara Strait, in: Kuroshio
Current, Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Dynamics, edited by: Nagai,
T., Saito, H., Suzuki, K., and Takahashi, M., Geophysical Monograph 243, John
Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 207–221, 2019.
Gaines, G. and Elbrächter. M.: Heterotrophic nutrition, in: The biology of
dinoflagellates, edited by: Taylor, F. J. R., Blackwell, Oxford, 224–268,
1987.
Guo, Y. J.: The Kuroshio, Part II. Primary production and phytoplankton,
Oceanogr, Mar. Bio. Ann. Rev., 29, 155–189, 1991.
Hansen, B., Bjørnsen, P. K., and Hansen, P. J.: The size ratio between
planktonic predators and their prey, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 395–403, 1994.
Hasegawa, D.: Island Mass Effect, in: Kuroshio Current, Physical,
Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Dynamics, edited by: Nagai, T., Saito, H.,
Suzuki, K., and Takahashi, M., Geophysical Monograph 243, John Wiley & Sons,
Hoboken, 163–174, 2019.
Hasegawa, D., Yamazaki, H., Lueck, R. G., and Seuront, L.: How islands stir and
fertilize the upper ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L16303,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020143, 2004.
Hasegawa, D., Yamazaki, H., Ishimaru, T., Nagashima, H., and Koike, Y.: Apparent
phytoplankton bloom due to island mass effect, J. Mar. Syst., 69, 238–246,
2008.
Hasegawa, D., Tanaka, T., Matsuno, T., Senjyu, T., Tsutsumi, E., Nakamura,
H., Nishina, A., Kobari, T., Yoshie, N., Guo, X., Nagai, T., Okunishi, T.,
and Yasuda, I.: Measuring the vertical turbulent nitrate flux using sensors,
Bull. Coast. Oceanogr., 57, 59–64, 2019.
Hasegawa, T., Kitajima S., and Kiyomoto Y.: Phytoplankton distribution in the
Kuroshio region of the southern East China Sea in early spring, in: Kuroshio
Current, Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Dynamics, edited by: Nagai,
T., Saito, H., Suzuki, K., and Takahashi, M., Geophysical Monograph 243, John
Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 191–205, 2019.
Hirota, Y.: The Kuroshio, Part III. Zooplankton, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol., 33, 151–220, 1995.
Hu, D., Wu, L., Cai, W., Gupta, A. S., Ganachaud, A., Qiu, B., Gordon, A.
L., Lin, X., Chen, Z., Hu, S., Wang, G., Wang, Q., Sprintall, J., Qu, T.,
Kashino, Y., Wang, F., William, S., and Kessler, W. S.: Pacific western boundary
currents and their roles in climate, Nature, 522, 299–308, 2015.
Kaneko, H., Yasuda, I., Komatsu, K., and Itoh, S.: Observations of the structure
of turbulent mixing across the Kuroshio, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15602,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052419, 2012.
Kaneko, H., Yasuda, I., Komatsu, K., and Itoh, S.: Observations of vertical
turbulent nitrate flux across the Kuroshio, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40,
3123–3127, 2013.
Kobari, T.: Biogeosci17_Kobari.zip, Dataset, figshare, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12198486.v1, 2020.
Kobari, T., Mitsui, K., Ota, T., Ichinomiya, M., and Gomi, Y.: Response of
heterotrophic bacteria to the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Oyashio
region, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 57, 1671–1678, 2010.
Kobari, T., Makihara, W., Kawafuchi, T., Sato, K., and Kume, G.: Geographic
variability in taxonomic composition, standing stock, and productivity of
the mesozooplankton community around the Kuroshio Current in the East China
Sea, Fish. Oceanogr., 27, 336–350, 2018.
Kobari, T., Kobari, Y., Miyamoto, H., Okazaki, Y., Kume, G., Kondo, R.,
and Habano, A.: Variability in taxonomic composition, standing stock and
productivity of the plankton community in the Kuroshio and its neighboring
waters, in: Kuroshio Current, Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecosystem
Dynamics, edited by: Nagai, T., Saito, H., Suzuki, K., and Takahashi, M.,
Geophysical Monograph 243, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 223–243, 2019.
Komatsu, K. and Hiroe, Y.: Structure and impact of the Kuroshio nutrient
stream, in: Kuroshio Current, Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecosystem
Dynamics, edited by: Nagai, T., Saito, H., Suzuki, K., and Takahashi, M.,
Geophysical Monograph 243, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 85–104, 2019.
Kuroda, H.: The Kuroshio-induced nutrient supply in the shelf and sloe
region off the southern coast of Japan, in: Kuroshio Current, Physical,
Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Dynamics, edited by: Nagai, T., Saito, H.,
Suzuki, K., and Takahashi, M., Geophysical Monograph 243, John Wiley & Sons,
Hoboken, 137–146, 2019.
Landry, M. R. and Hasset, R. P.: Estimating the grazing impact of marine
micro-zooplankton, Mar. Biol., 67, 283–288, 1982.
Landry, M. R., Kirshtein, J., and Constantinou, J.: A refined dilution technique
for measuring the community grazing impact of microzooplankton with
experimental tests in the central equatorial Pacific, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.,
120, 53–63, 1995.
Nagai, T., Hasegawa, D., Tanaka, T., Nakamura, H., Tsutsumi, E., Inoue, R.,
and Yamashiro, T.: First evidence of coherent bands of strong turbulent layers
associated with high-wavenumber internal-wave shear in the upstream
Kuroshio, Sci. Rep., 7, 14555, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15167-1, 2017.
Nagai, T., Clayton, S., and Uchiyama, Y.: Multiscale routes to supply nutrients
through the Kuroshio nutrient stream, in: Kuroshio Current, Physical,
Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Dynamics, edited by: Nagai, T., Saito, H.,
Suzuki, K., and Takahashi, M., Geophysical Monograph 243, John Wiley & Sons,
Hoboken, 105–125, 2019a.
Nagai, T., Durán, G. S., Otero, D. A., Mori, Y., Yoshie, N., Ohgi, K.,
Hasegawa, D., Nishina, A., and Kobari, T.: How the Kuroshio Current delivers
nutrients to sunlit layers on the continental shelves with aid of
near-internal waves and turbulence, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 6726–6735,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082680, 2019b.
Nakamura, H., Yamashiro, T., Nishina, A., and Ichikawa, H.: Time frequency
variability of Kuroshio meanders in Tokara Strait, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33,
L21605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027516, 2006.
Nakata, K. and Hidaka, K.: Decadal-scale variability in the Kuroshio marine
ecosystem in winter, Fish. Oceanogr., 12, 234–244, 2003.
Nakata, K., Zenitani, H., and Inagake, D.: Differences in food availability for
Japanese sardine larvae between the frontal region and the waters on the
offshore side of Kuroshio, Fish. Oceanogr., 4, 68–79, 1995.
Osborn, T.: Estimates of the local rate of vertical diffusion from
dissipation measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 83–89, 1980.
Parsons, T. R., Takahashi, M., an Hargrave, B.: Biological oceanographic
processes, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1984.
Pierce, R. W. and Turner, J. T.: Ecology of planktonic ciliates in marine food
webs, Rev. Aquat. Sci., 6, 139–181, 1992.
Putt, M. and Stoecker, D. K.: An experimentally determined carbon:volume ration
for marine “oligotrichous” ciliates from estuarine and coastal waters,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 1097–1103, 1989.
Qiu, B.: Kuroshio and Oyashio Currents, in: Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences,
edited by: Steele, J. H., Academic Press, New York, 358–369, 2001.
Saito, H.: The Kuroshio: its recognition, scientific activities and emerging
issues, in: Kuroshio Current, Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecosystem
Dynamics, edited by: Nagai, T., Saito, H., Suzuki, K., and Takahashi, M.,
Geophysical Monograph 243, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 1–11, 2019.
Sassa, C. and Tsukamoto, Y.: Distribution and growth of Scomber japonicus and S. australasicus larvae in the
southern East China Sea in response to oceanographic conditions, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 419, 185–199, 2010.
Sassa, C., Tsukamoto, Y., Nishiuchi, K., and Konishi, Y.: Spawning ground and
larval transport processes of jack mackerel Tranchurus japonicas in the shelf-break region of
the southern East China Sea, Cont. Shelf. Res., 28, 2574–2583, 2008.
Tsutsumi, E., Matsuno, T., Lien, R. C., Nakamura, H., Senjyu, T., and Guo, X.:
Turbulent mixing within the Kuroshio in the Tokara Strait, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 7082–7094, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013049, 2017.
Uye, S. I. and Kasahara, S.: Grazing of various developmental stages of
Pseudodiaptomus marinus (Copepoda: Calanoida) on naturally occurring particles, Bull. Plankton Soc.
Japan, 30, 147–158, 1983.
Verity, P. G. and Langdon, C.: Relationships between lorica volume, carbon,
nitrogen and ATP content of tintinnids in Narragansett Bay, J. Plankton
Res., 6, 859–868, 1984.
Watanabe, Y., Zenitani, H., and Kimura, R.: Offshore expansion of spawning of
the Japanese sardine, Sardinops melanostictus, and its implication for egg and larval survival,
Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 53, 55–61, 1996.
Zhu, X. H., Nakamura, H., Dong, M., Nishina, A., and Yamashiro, T.: Tidal
currents and Kuroshio transport variations in the Tokara Strait estimated
from ferryboat ADCP data, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 2120–2142, 2017.
Short summary
We report on biological productivity under turbulent nitrate flux amplified with the Kuroshio. Oceanographic observations exhibit that the Kuroshio topographically enhances significant turbulent mixing and nitrate influx to the euphotic zone. Onboard experiments show phytoplankton and microzooplankton growths enhanced with the nitrate flux and a significant microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton. These rapid and systematic trophodynamics enhance biological productivity in the Kuroshio.
We report on biological productivity under turbulent nitrate flux amplified with the Kuroshio....
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint