Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1067-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1067-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Assessing the spatial and temporal variability of greenhouse gas emissions from different configurations of on-site wastewater treatment system using discrete and continuous gas flux measurement
Jan Knappe
Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Celia Somlai
Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Carbon Footprint and Energy Recovery Potential of Primary Wastewater Treatment in Decentralized Areas: A Critical Review on Septic and Imhoff Tanks R. Boiocchi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16247938
- Coupling Coordination Analysis of Water, Energy, and Carbon Footprints for Wastewater Treatment Plants W. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062594
- Photosynthetically fixed carbon neutralizes nitrous oxide and methane emissions for a carbon-negative algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge process J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108150
- Heterogeneity of archaea and bacteria communities and greenhouse gas emissions potential in subway station septic tanks L. Duan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.117356
- Improving Methane Emission Estimates from Nonsewered Wastewater during Storage in Septic and Holding Tanks K. Shaw et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c17325
- Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Full-Scale Vermifilter for Sewage Treatment: Effects of Seasonality and Sewage Parameters V. Gutiérrez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17229923
- Discrepancies in national inventories reveal a large emissions gap in the wastewater sector C. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02540-6
- Greenhouse gas emissions from on-site sanitation systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of emission rates, formation pathways and influencing factors M. Manga & C. Muoghalu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120736
- Nitrate leaching in an on-site wastewater system: Monitoring and modeling with HYDRUS 1D J. Zúñiga-Gutiérrez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107049
- From fixed to condition-dependent emission factors: probabilistic tabular learning for wastewater N2O inventories J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126371
- Understanding the greenhouse gas emissions from China’s wastewater treatment plants: Based on life cycle assessment coupled with statistical data W. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115007
- The importance of the functional mixed entropy for the explanation of residential and transport CO2 emissions in the urban center of China S. Zuo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134947
- Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of carbon emissions from on-site wastewater treatment: Evidence from a city-wide long-term network Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.123948
- Reconsidering Septic Tanks T. Roelants et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00129
- Integrating recent scientific advances to enhance non-sewered sanitation in urban areas L. Strande https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00240-7
- Trends of N2O production during decentralized wastewater treatment: A critical review R. Boiocchi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114627
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Carbon Footprint and Energy Recovery Potential of Primary Wastewater Treatment in Decentralized Areas: A Critical Review on Septic and Imhoff Tanks R. Boiocchi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16247938
- Coupling Coordination Analysis of Water, Energy, and Carbon Footprints for Wastewater Treatment Plants W. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062594
- Photosynthetically fixed carbon neutralizes nitrous oxide and methane emissions for a carbon-negative algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge process J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108150
- Heterogeneity of archaea and bacteria communities and greenhouse gas emissions potential in subway station septic tanks L. Duan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.117356
- Improving Methane Emission Estimates from Nonsewered Wastewater during Storage in Septic and Holding Tanks K. Shaw et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c17325
- Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Full-Scale Vermifilter for Sewage Treatment: Effects of Seasonality and Sewage Parameters V. Gutiérrez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17229923
- Discrepancies in national inventories reveal a large emissions gap in the wastewater sector C. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02540-6
- Greenhouse gas emissions from on-site sanitation systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of emission rates, formation pathways and influencing factors M. Manga & C. Muoghalu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120736
- Nitrate leaching in an on-site wastewater system: Monitoring and modeling with HYDRUS 1D J. Zúñiga-Gutiérrez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107049
- From fixed to condition-dependent emission factors: probabilistic tabular learning for wastewater N2O inventories J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126371
- Understanding the greenhouse gas emissions from China’s wastewater treatment plants: Based on life cycle assessment coupled with statistical data W. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115007
- The importance of the functional mixed entropy for the explanation of residential and transport CO2 emissions in the urban center of China S. Zuo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134947
- Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of carbon emissions from on-site wastewater treatment: Evidence from a city-wide long-term network Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.123948
- Reconsidering Septic Tanks T. Roelants et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00129
- Integrating recent scientific advances to enhance non-sewered sanitation in urban areas L. Strande https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00240-7
- Trends of N2O production during decentralized wastewater treatment: A critical review R. Boiocchi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114627
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 Jul 2026
Short summary
Two domestic on-site wastewater treatment systems have been monitored for greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) emissions coming from the process units, soil and vent pipes. This has enabled the net greenhouse gas per person to be quantified for the first time, as well as the impact of pre-treatment on the effluent before being discharged to soil. These decentralised wastewater treatment systems serve approx. 20 % of the population in both Europe and the United States.
Two domestic on-site wastewater treatment systems have been monitored for greenhouse gas (carbon...
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