Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-121-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-121-2023
Research article
 | 
09 Jan 2023
Research article |  | 09 Jan 2023

Paleoecology and evolutionary response of planktonic foraminifera to the mid-Pliocene Warm Period and Plio-Pleistocene bipolar ice sheet expansion

Adam Woodhouse, Frances A. Procter, Sophie L. Jackson, Robert A. Jamieson, Robert J. Newton, Philip F. Sexton, and Tracy Aze

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Cited articles

André, A., Weiner, A., Quillévéré, F., Aurahs, R., Morard, R., Douady, C. J., de Garidel-Thoron, T., Escarguel, G., de Vargas, C., and Kucera, M.: The cryptic and the apparent reversed: lack of genetic differentiation within the morphologically diverse plexus of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer, Paleobiology, 39, 21–39, 2013. 
André, A., Quillévéré, F., Morard, R., Ujiié, Y., Escarguel, G., De Vargas, C., de Garidel-Thoron, T., and Douady, C. J.: SSU rDNA divergence in planktonic foraminifera: molecular taxonomy and biogeographic implications, PLoS One, 9, e104641, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104641, 2014. 
Aurahs, R., Grimm, G. W., Hemleben, V., Hemleben, C., and Kucera, M.: Geographical distribution of cryptic genetic types in the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber, Mol. Ecol., 18, 1692–1706, 2009. 
Aze, T., Ezard, T. H., Purvis, A., Coxall, H. K., Stewart, D. R., Wade, B. S., and Pearson, P. N.: A phylogeny of Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminifera from fossil data, Biol. Rev., 86, 900–927, 2011. 
Backman, J., Moran, K., McInroy, D. B., Mayer, L. A., and the Expedition 302 Scientists: Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX), Proc. Integr. Ocean Drill. Program, 302, Edinburgh, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc., https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.302.2006, 2006. 
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Short summary
This study looked into the regional and global response of planktonic foraminifera to the climate over the last 5 million years, when the Earth cooled significantly. These single celled organisms exhibit the best fossil record available to science. We document an abundance switch from warm water to cold water species as the Earth cooled. Moreover, a closer analysis of certain species may indicate higher fossil diversity than previously thought, which has implications for evolutionary studies.
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