Using an advanced optimisation method, we calibrated a crop model against dry matter, carbon and water exchanges. Although model predictions matched observations well, the process revealed weaknesses in the model, such as difficulty in representing evapotranspiration, especially during heatwaves. This multi-objective approach highlighted the need to better capture stomatal and non-stomatal responses in order to improve predictions of crop models.

We investigated how organic molecules in the ocean's surface layer accumulate and respond to wind. Using a large wind-wave tank filled with seawater, we found that natural molecules produced by marine microbes gather at the surface under light winds, slowing the exchange of gases such as carbon dioxide. When winds increase, this layer rapidly breaks down. These findings suggest that marine life can influence how the ocean and atmosphere interact, particularly in calm conditions.